Two-round system (original) (raw)
- Dvoukolový volební systém je metoda hlasování používaná k volbě jediného kandidáta, kdy voliči odevzdávají jeden hlas svému preferovanému kandidátovi. Obecně zajišťuje majoritní výsledek, nikoli jednoduchý pluralitní výsledek jako u systému relativní většiny. Při dvoukolovém volebním systému postupuje volební proces obvykle do druhého kola pouze v případě, že v prvním kole žádný kandidát nezískal prostou většinu (více než 50 %) odevzdaných hlasů (případně jiné, nižší předem stanovené procento). Ve dvoukolovém systému postupují do druhého kola obvykle pouze dva kandidáti, kteří v prvním kole získali nejvíce hlasů, nebo pouze ti kandidáti, kteří získali alespoň stanovený podíl hlasů. Ostatní kandidáti jsou z druhého kola vyloučeni. Dvoukolový systém je používán při volbě zákonodárných orgánů a přímo volených prezidentů, ale např. také při volbě lídrů politických stran nebo společností. Druhé kolo hlasování se musí konat až poté, co je dostatek času na sečtení a ověření výsledků prvního kola. (cs)
- يطبق نظام الانتخاب على مرحلتين في الأنظمة ذات الأكثرية المطلقة، يتنافس المرشّحان اللذان حصلا على أكبر عدد من أصوات الناخبين، في دورة اقتراع ثانية لتحديد الفائز. وهو يُعرف أيضاً باسم الدورة الثانية أو نظام الإعادة (ar)
- Eine Stichwahl wird durchgeführt, wenn bei einem vorhergehenden die für eine Entscheidung notwendige Mehrheit nicht erreicht wurde. Wenn eine Stichwahl in der Politik stattfindet, so nennt man diese offiziell zweiter Wahlgang, dritter Wahlgang, vierter Wahlgang oder fünfter Wahlgang, je nachdem wie viele Wahlgänge für die Stichwahl nötig sind (siehe beispielhaft Wahl des Ministerpräsidenten von Schleswig-Holstein 2005). Bei mancher Wahl ist nur gewählt, wer mehr als die Hälfte der Stimmen (oder die Stimmen von mehr als der Hälfte der Mitglieder) auf sich vereint. Erreicht kein Kandidat diese Mehrheit, auch nicht bei einer eventuell festgelegten Anzahl von Wiederholungen, kann laut Wahlordnung ein erneuter Wahlgang als Stichwahl nötig werden. Dabei treten in der Regel nur die zwei Kandidaten mit den meisten Stimmen an. (de)
- Segunda vuelta electoral o balotaje (del francés ballottage), es un mecanismo presente en algunos sistemas electorales que consiste en realizar una segunda elección limitada a los candidatos que más votos obtuvieron en la primera elección -habitualmente los dos primeros-, en caso de que ningún candidato haya obtenido un mínimo de votos preestablecido. Entre las finalidades del mecanismo se encuentra la intención de dotar al candidato ganador de una mayor representatividad y legitimidad, así como dificultar el triunfo de ciertos candidatos o partidos políticos, promoviendo la regla de «unirse contra el mal mayor» y la noción de «voto útil». Es una institución electoral paradigmática del derecho electoral y constitucional francés, de donde procede su denominación. (es)
- Parmi les systèmes électoraux, le scrutin uninominal majoritaire à deux tours est un vote simple sans pondération se déroulant sur deux tours au maximum. Dans sa version la plus courante, un candidat est élu au premier tour s'il recueille la majorité absolue, soit plus de 50 % des suffrages exprimés. Si aucun candidat n'atteint ce seuil, un second tour est organisé entre les deux candidats arrivés en tête, à l'issue duquel le candidat qui recueille la majorité relative, soit le plus de voix, est élu. (fr)
- Sistem dua putaran (two-round system, second ballot, runoff voting atau ballotage) adalah sebuah yang dipakai untuk memilih pemenang tunggal, dimana pemilih memberi suara tunggal untuk kandidat pilihan mereka. Namun, jika tak ada kandidat yang meraih jumlah suara yang disyaratkan, kemudian para kandidat tersebut dikurangi untuk mencapai suara yang diinginkan, atau semua selain dua kandidat yang meraih suara terbanyak, dieliminasi, dan pemungutan suara putaran kedua diadakan. Sistem dua putaran dipakai di seluruh dunia untuk pemilihan badan legislatif dan presiden yang dipilih secara langsung. Contohnya, ini dipakai dalam . Di Italia, ini dipakai unhtuk memilih para wali kota, selain juga untuk memutuskan partai atau koalisi yang meraih di dewan-dewan kota. Sistem dua putaran dipakai untuk memiliki para presiden Afghanistan, Argentina, Austria, Benin, Brasil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Tanjung Verde, Chili, Kolombia, Kosta Rika, Kroasia, Republik Ceko, Siprus, Republik Dominika, Ekuador, Mesir, El Salvador, Finlandia, Ghana, Guatemala, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Kirgizstan, Liberia, Makedonia, Peru, Polandia, Portugal, Rumania, Rusia, Senegal, Serbia, Slowakia, Slovenia, Timor-Leste, Turki, Ukraina, Uruguay dan Zimbabwe. Dulunya, ini dipakai di Kekaisaran Jerman pada 1871–1918, di Selandia Baru dalam pemilihan tahun dan , dan di Israel untuk memilih Perdana Menteri dalam pemilihan tahun , dan . (in)
- The two-round system (TRS), also known as runoff voting, second ballot, or ballotage, is a voting method used to elect a single candidate, where voters cast a single vote for their preferred candidate. It generally ensures a majoritarian result, not a simple plurality result as under First past the post. Under the two-round election system, the election process usually proceeds to a second round only if in the first round no candidate received a simple majority (more than 50%) of votes cast, or some other lower prescribed percentage. Under the two-round system, usually only the two candidates who received the most votes in the first round, or only those candidates who received above a prescribed proportion of the votes, are candidates in the second round. Other candidates are excluded from the second round. The two-round system is widely used in the election of legislative bodies and directly elected presidents, as well as in other contexts, such as in the election of political party leaders or within companies. The second round of voting must be held after there is sufficient time to count and verify the results of the first round. Second rounds may be held on the same day in smaller settings, or up to three months later, as in the US state of Georgia. France traditionally has a two-week break before the second round. (en)
- 二回投票制(英語: two-round system)とは、選挙方法のひとつ。投票を二回行うことが多いため、この名がある(必ず二回行われるとは限らない)。フランス大統領選挙における採用例が有名である。 (ja)
- 결선투표제(決選投票制, 영어: runoff voting, ballotage)는 선거에서 '일정 득표율 이상'이 당선조건일 때, 이를 만족하는 후보가 없을 시, 득표수 순으로 상위 후보 몇 명만을 대상으로 2차 투표를 실시하여 당선자를 결정하는 방식이다. 2회투표제(二回投票制, 영어: two-round system, second ballot)라고도 부른다. (ko)
- O sistema eleitoral a duas voltas (português europeu) ou com dois turnos (português brasileiro) é um sistema de votação utilizado para a escolha de um único vencedor, ao qual se exige ter mais de metade dos votos válidos (é equivocado falar em 50% + 1 pois, no caso do total de votantes ser ímpar, o número de votos que se faz necessário para obtenção da maioria absoluta é 50% + 0,5). No primeiro turno, os eleitores votam em um dos candidatos que se apresentaram na eleição. Porém, se nenhum desses candidatos obtiver mais da metade dos votos, então os que têm menos de uma certa proporção, ou, o que é mais comum, todos os candidatos com exceção dos dois mais votados, são eliminados da votação, e aí vem o segundo turno que é feita apenas entre os candidatos que não foram eliminados na primeira volta. Deste modo, é distinto do sistema eleitoral a uma volta (ou uninominal maioritário), onde é eleito o mais votado independentemente da percentagem de votos recebidos. Este sistema é muito utilizado em todo o mundo para a eleição por sufrágio universal de presidentes (ou títulos equivalentes). Por vezes encontra-se este sistema aplicado a eleições legislativas. Este sistema foi introduzido em Portugal pela Constituição de 1976 apenas para as eleições presidenciais. Segundo a Constituição, um candidato para ser eleito necessita da maioria absoluta (mais da metade) dos votos validamente expressos. Caso nenhum candidato consiga esse número, realizar-se-á uma segunda volta apenas entre os dois candidatos mais votados. Em Honduras, em 2014 o Congresso Nacional passa a debater sobre o segundo turno nas eleições presidenciais. Idêntico procedimento foi introduzido no Brasil com a Constituição Federal de 1988, para evitar que o eleitorado venha a desistir daquele que considera o melhor candidato para apoiar outro mais forte, que tenha mais chances de ser eleito, evitando assim uma terceira opção, que seria a mais desagradável. No Brasil, se persistir o empate, é levado em consideração a idade dos candidatos, e o mais velho é eleito. Em eleições municipais, esse sistema de votação só é adotado se o município possui mais de 200 mil eleitores. Caso contrário, a eleição é realizada apenas em um turno. (pt)
- 两轮选举制(英語:Two-round system)又稱「兩輪投票制」、「兩輪決選制」(Run-off election),指选举無法一次選出結果時,采用两轮投票的选举制度。 (zh)
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- يطبق نظام الانتخاب على مرحلتين في الأنظمة ذات الأكثرية المطلقة، يتنافس المرشّحان اللذان حصلا على أكبر عدد من أصوات الناخبين، في دورة اقتراع ثانية لتحديد الفائز. وهو يُعرف أيضاً باسم الدورة الثانية أو نظام الإعادة (ar)
- Parmi les systèmes électoraux, le scrutin uninominal majoritaire à deux tours est un vote simple sans pondération se déroulant sur deux tours au maximum. Dans sa version la plus courante, un candidat est élu au premier tour s'il recueille la majorité absolue, soit plus de 50 % des suffrages exprimés. Si aucun candidat n'atteint ce seuil, un second tour est organisé entre les deux candidats arrivés en tête, à l'issue duquel le candidat qui recueille la majorité relative, soit le plus de voix, est élu. (fr)
- 二回投票制(英語: two-round system)とは、選挙方法のひとつ。投票を二回行うことが多いため、この名がある(必ず二回行われるとは限らない)。フランス大統領選挙における採用例が有名である。 (ja)
- 결선투표제(決選投票制, 영어: runoff voting, ballotage)는 선거에서 '일정 득표율 이상'이 당선조건일 때, 이를 만족하는 후보가 없을 시, 득표수 순으로 상위 후보 몇 명만을 대상으로 2차 투표를 실시하여 당선자를 결정하는 방식이다. 2회투표제(二回投票制, 영어: two-round system, second ballot)라고도 부른다. (ko)
- 两轮选举制(英語:Two-round system)又稱「兩輪投票制」、「兩輪決選制」(Run-off election),指选举無法一次選出結果時,采用两轮投票的选举制度。 (zh)
- Dvoukolový volební systém je metoda hlasování používaná k volbě jediného kandidáta, kdy voliči odevzdávají jeden hlas svému preferovanému kandidátovi. Obecně zajišťuje majoritní výsledek, nikoli jednoduchý pluralitní výsledek jako u systému relativní většiny. Dvoukolový systém je používán při volbě zákonodárných orgánů a přímo volených prezidentů, ale např. také při volbě lídrů politických stran nebo společností. Druhé kolo hlasování se musí konat až poté, co je dostatek času na sečtení a ověření výsledků prvního kola. (cs)
- Eine Stichwahl wird durchgeführt, wenn bei einem vorhergehenden die für eine Entscheidung notwendige Mehrheit nicht erreicht wurde. Wenn eine Stichwahl in der Politik stattfindet, so nennt man diese offiziell zweiter Wahlgang, dritter Wahlgang, vierter Wahlgang oder fünfter Wahlgang, je nachdem wie viele Wahlgänge für die Stichwahl nötig sind (siehe beispielhaft Wahl des Ministerpräsidenten von Schleswig-Holstein 2005). (de)
- Segunda vuelta electoral o balotaje (del francés ballottage), es un mecanismo presente en algunos sistemas electorales que consiste en realizar una segunda elección limitada a los candidatos que más votos obtuvieron en la primera elección -habitualmente los dos primeros-, en caso de que ningún candidato haya obtenido un mínimo de votos preestablecido. Entre las finalidades del mecanismo se encuentra la intención de dotar al candidato ganador de una mayor representatividad y legitimidad, así como dificultar el triunfo de ciertos candidatos o partidos políticos, promoviendo la regla de «unirse contra el mal mayor» y la noción de «voto útil». (es)
- Sistem dua putaran (two-round system, second ballot, runoff voting atau ballotage) adalah sebuah yang dipakai untuk memilih pemenang tunggal, dimana pemilih memberi suara tunggal untuk kandidat pilihan mereka. Namun, jika tak ada kandidat yang meraih jumlah suara yang disyaratkan, kemudian para kandidat tersebut dikurangi untuk mencapai suara yang diinginkan, atau semua selain dua kandidat yang meraih suara terbanyak, dieliminasi, dan pemungutan suara putaran kedua diadakan. (in)
- The two-round system (TRS), also known as runoff voting, second ballot, or ballotage, is a voting method used to elect a single candidate, where voters cast a single vote for their preferred candidate. It generally ensures a majoritarian result, not a simple plurality result as under First past the post. Under the two-round election system, the election process usually proceeds to a second round only if in the first round no candidate received a simple majority (more than 50%) of votes cast, or some other lower prescribed percentage. Under the two-round system, usually only the two candidates who received the most votes in the first round, or only those candidates who received above a prescribed proportion of the votes, are candidates in the second round. Other candidates are excluded from (en)
- O sistema eleitoral a duas voltas (português europeu) ou com dois turnos (português brasileiro) é um sistema de votação utilizado para a escolha de um único vencedor, ao qual se exige ter mais de metade dos votos válidos (é equivocado falar em 50% + 1 pois, no caso do total de votantes ser ímpar, o número de votos que se faz necessário para obtenção da maioria absoluta é 50% + 0,5). No primeiro turno, os eleitores votam em um dos candidatos que se apresentaram na eleição. Porém, se nenhum desses candidatos obtiver mais da metade dos votos, então os que têm menos de uma certa proporção, ou, o que é mais comum, todos os candidatos com exceção dos dois mais votados, são eliminados da votação, e aí vem o segundo turno que é feita apenas entre os candidatos que não foram eliminados na primeira (pt)
- اقتراع على دورتين (ar)
- Dvoukolový volební systém (cs)
- Stichwahl (de)
- Segunda vuelta electoral (es)
- Sistem dua putaran (in)
- Scrutin uninominal majoritaire à deux tours (fr)
- 二回投票制 (ja)
- 결선투표제 (ko)
- Sistema eleitoral a duas voltas (pt)
- Two-round system (en)
- 两轮选举制 (zh)
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- dbr:M._Athalie_Range
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