Law enforcement in the United States (original) (raw)
- Policie ve Spojených státech amerických je jedním ze tří orgánů americké justice spolu se soudy a vězeňstvím. I když každý orgán pracuje nezávisle na ostatních, všechny tři společně tvoří řetězec vedoucí od vyšetřování podezření z trestné činnosti až po zajištění výkonu trestu. Také soudy mají pravomoc rozhodovat ohledně chování ostatních složek. Vymáhání práva se ve Spojených státech realizuje prostřednictvím státních policejních agentur, které mají za úkol vyšetřovat podezření z trestné činnosti, předložit výsledky šetření soudům, a případně také dočasně zadržet podezřelé z trestné činnosti do doby soudního řízení. Kromě toho mají policejní orgány, jejichž pravomoc se liší vzhledem k různých úrovním státní správy na nichž působí, odpovědnost předcházet trestné činnosti. Další povinnosti mohou zahrnovat služby a vymáhání výkonu soudních rozhodnutí. Policejní orgány se rovněž podílejí na zajištění první reakce při mimořádných událostech a dalších ohroženích veřejné bezpečnosti, ochranu některých veřejných zařízení a infrastruktury, udržování veřejného pořádku, ochranu veřejných činitelů a provoz některých nápravných zařízení (obvykle na místní úrovni). (cs)
- Die Polizei in den Vereinigten Staaten besteht aus vielen einzelnen Polizeiorganisationen auf vielen verschiedenen Ebenen des föderalen Systems. Knapp 18.000 weitgehend voneinander unabhängige Organisationen nehmen in den USA Polizeibefugnisse wahr (Stand 2016). Insgesamt sind in den USA mehr als 1,2 Millionen Polizisten (ohne Bundespolizeien) im Dienst. (de)
- Ameriketako Estatu Batuetan polizia zigor arloko justizia sistemaren hiru adarretako bat da auzitegi eta presondegiekin batera. AEBetan polizia agentziek hainbat motatako zereginak betetzen dituzte. Bai eskumen-eremuari dagokionez, bai funtzioei dagokienez. (eu)
- Law enforcement in the United States is one of three major components of the criminal justice system of the United States, along with courts and corrections. Although each component operates semi-independently, the three collectively form a chain leading from an investigation of suspected criminal activity to the administration of criminal punishment. There are more than 900,000 sworn law enforcement officers now serving in the United States, which is the highest figure ever; about 12 percent of those are women. Law enforcement operates primarily through governmental police agencies. There are 17,985 police agencies in the United States which include local police departments, county sheriff's offices, state troopers, and federal law enforcement agencies. The law-enforcement purposes of these agencies are the investigation of suspected criminal activity, referral of the results of investigations to state or federal prosecutors, and the temporary detention of suspected criminals pending judicial action. Law enforcement agencies, to varying degrees at different levels of government and in different agencies, are also commonly charged with the responsibilities of deterring criminal activity and preventing the successful commission of crimes in progress. Other duties may include the service and enforcement of warrants, writs, and other orders of the courts. Law enforcement agencies are also involved in providing first response to emergencies and other threats to public safety; the protection of certain public facilities and infrastructure, such as private property; the maintenance of public order; the protection of public officials; and the operation of some detention facilities (usually at the local level). (en)
- Aux États-Unis, État fédéral, il existe un grand nombre de forces de police distinctes suivant l'échelon territorial (fédéral, État, comté ou municipalité) ou le domaine d'activités (enquête, drogue, protection, explosifs, intervention, transports, frontières). En 2020, il y a plus de 17 980 services de police différents et plus de 796 000 policiers aux États-Unis. La principale cause de mortalité en service chez les policiers américains est le meurtre par balles. (fr)
- 本項では、アメリカ合衆国の警察などの法執行機関について述べる。 (ja)
- 미국의 법집행(Law enforcement in the United States)은 경찰, 법원, 교정시설 등 미국 형사사법제도의 3대 구성 요소로 나뉜다. (ko)
- Le forze di polizia degli Stati Uniti d'America sono i corpi di polizia degli Stati Uniti d'America, che possono essere di tipo federale, statale o locale. Law enforcement è una delle tre componenti principali della negli Stati Uniti d'America, assieme ad uffici giudiziari e amministrazione penitenziaria. Sebbene ciascuna componente operi semi-indipendentemente, esse collettivamente formano una catena che porta dalle indagini su una sospetta attività criminale, fino all'applicazione della sanzione penale. Ci sono oltre 900 000 agenti di polizia attualmente in servizio negli Stati Uniti, la più alta cifra di ogni tempo; circa il 12% è costituito da donne. Il law enforcement si compie principalmente attraverso organi governativi di polizia. Ci sono 17 985 organi di polizia negli Stati Uniti, tra cui dipartimenti urbani di polizia, uffici degli sceriffi di contea, state police e organi federali di polizia. Le finalità di polizia di questi organi sono le indagini su sospette attività criminali, la comunicazione dei risultati investigativi ai procuratori federali o statali, e la custodia temporanea dei sospetti criminali nelle more del giudizio. Gli organi di polizia, con varie sfumature connesse ai rapporti tra livelli di governo e alle particolarità di ciascun organo, hanno spesso la responsabilità di scoraggiare le attività criminali e prevenire la consumazione dei reati in corso. Altri compiti possono essere la notifica e l'esecuzione di provvedimenti, writ, e altri . Gli organi di polizia USA sono coinvolti anche nel fornire una prima reazione alle emergenze e ad altre minacce alla sicurezza pubblica; nella protezione di alcune strutture e infrastrutture pubbliche, come la proprietà privata; nel mantenimento dell'ordine pubblico; nella protezione di autorità pubbliche e nella gestione di alcune strutture di detenzione (solitamente a livello locale). (it)
- Polisväsendet i USA återspeglar landets konstitution och ställning som en förbundsstat. I likhet med uppdelningen mellan federala domstolar och delstatliga domstolar samt mellan federala åklagare och delstatliga åklagare finns det även en uppdelning mellan polisorganisationer som härleder sin myndighetsutövning och rättsliga grund från den federala statsmakten (engelska: Federal government) respektive delstatsstyret (engelska: State government). Polismyndigheter tillhörande den federala statsmakten ansvarar för att bekämpa de federala brott som begås inom ramen för varje myndighets fastställda ansvarsområde. Det finns ungefär 65 olika federala polismyndigheter. Varje delstat lagstiftar om sin egen stats polisorganisation. Inom de flesta delstater finns det poliser på central delstatlig nivå (statspolis), countynivå och lokal nivå (kommunal polis). De allra flesta poliser i USA verkar inom den delstatliga jurisdiktionens område. År 2004 fanns det ungefär 836 000 poliser i USA. Av dessa tillhörde ca 104 000 federala poliser de 65 olika federala polismyndigheterna, medan ca 732 000 poliser var anställda vid delstatliga och lokala polismyndigheter. (sv)
- Органы правопорядка США — один из видов самостоятельной и независимой власти в государствах (штатах) США, представляющий собой совокупность организационно-функциональных механизмов государственного характера для реализации целей и задач государственной политики, закреплённых в законах государств (штатов) США. В отличие от большинства государств в США нет единого полицейского управления; следовательно, термин «полиция США» употребляется неофициально и неправильно. Вместо этого, каждый штат (государство) федерации, а также — каждый крупный город, а иногда и более , имеет своё полицейское ведомство, независимое от других. Собственные полицейские ведомства могут иметься также при крупных транспортных предприятиях. В английском языке за названием cop (русское название коп) закрепилось популярное в США прозвище полицейских (аналог русского «мент»). (ru)
- 美国警察主要分為联邦、州、郡、市、鎮或村几级,美国联邦政府執法機構和各州的警察分别行使联邦和州所赋予的,州以下的警察的权力則由各州自行决定。除了联邦執法機構外,州警察、城市警察、县警察、鎮警察、村警察、私人保安与联邦政府没有任何的從屬上下关系,乃是直接由地方政府领导。 美國共有18,000多个警察机构、3,088个郡警察部门、13,578个市警察机构、49个州警察机构(夏威夷外)、50个联邦执法机构、1,626个特殊警察部门(管辖权力限制於如公园、交通、机场及學校等,當中包括美國公園警察及美国国会警察等)。美国警察共有920,000名人員,警民比例为3.25‰,与总面积比例为10名警察/100平方公里。其中,660,000名正规警察、260,000名文职人员,从警察局的人数和规模来看,大多数警察部门平均不逾100人;有800多个警察部门仅有1至2名正规警察,只有38个警察部门人数逾1,000人。 與其他大部份國家和地區的警察不同,根據美國最高法院1981年沃倫訴華盛頓哥倫比亞特區案以及2005年所作出的判決,美國警察沒有保護公民的義務,美國警察只負責執行所隸屬的單位的法律。 (zh)
- https://www.cbp.gov/
- https://www.dhs.gov/
- https://www.fbi.gov/
- https://www.irs.gov/compliance/criminal-investigation
- https://www.ice.gov/
- https://cops.usdoj.gov/
- https://www.dea.gov/
- https://www.discoverpolicing.org/explore-the-field/types-of-law-enforcement-agencies/
- https://www.napo.org/
- https://www.police1.com/
- https://www.policinginstitute.org/
- https://www.roa.org/
- https://www.sheriffs.org/
- https://www.bop.gov/mobile/
- https://www.ojp.gov/program/lawenforcement/resources%23section-2
- https://www.atf.gov/
- https://www.policemag.com/
- https://www.usmarshals.gov/
- https://www.secretservice.gov/
- https://www.justice.gov/crs/our-stakeholders/law-enforcement
- https://www.state.gov/law-enforcement/
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- dbr:Texas_Ranger_Division
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- Die Polizei in den Vereinigten Staaten besteht aus vielen einzelnen Polizeiorganisationen auf vielen verschiedenen Ebenen des föderalen Systems. Knapp 18.000 weitgehend voneinander unabhängige Organisationen nehmen in den USA Polizeibefugnisse wahr (Stand 2016). Insgesamt sind in den USA mehr als 1,2 Millionen Polizisten (ohne Bundespolizeien) im Dienst. (de)
- Ameriketako Estatu Batuetan polizia zigor arloko justizia sistemaren hiru adarretako bat da auzitegi eta presondegiekin batera. AEBetan polizia agentziek hainbat motatako zereginak betetzen dituzte. Bai eskumen-eremuari dagokionez, bai funtzioei dagokienez. (eu)
- Aux États-Unis, État fédéral, il existe un grand nombre de forces de police distinctes suivant l'échelon territorial (fédéral, État, comté ou municipalité) ou le domaine d'activités (enquête, drogue, protection, explosifs, intervention, transports, frontières). En 2020, il y a plus de 17 980 services de police différents et plus de 796 000 policiers aux États-Unis. La principale cause de mortalité en service chez les policiers américains est le meurtre par balles. (fr)
- 本項では、アメリカ合衆国の警察などの法執行機関について述べる。 (ja)
- 미국의 법집행(Law enforcement in the United States)은 경찰, 법원, 교정시설 등 미국 형사사법제도의 3대 구성 요소로 나뉜다. (ko)
- 美国警察主要分為联邦、州、郡、市、鎮或村几级,美国联邦政府執法機構和各州的警察分别行使联邦和州所赋予的,州以下的警察的权力則由各州自行决定。除了联邦執法機構外,州警察、城市警察、县警察、鎮警察、村警察、私人保安与联邦政府没有任何的從屬上下关系,乃是直接由地方政府领导。 美國共有18,000多个警察机构、3,088个郡警察部门、13,578个市警察机构、49个州警察机构(夏威夷外)、50个联邦执法机构、1,626个特殊警察部门(管辖权力限制於如公园、交通、机场及學校等,當中包括美國公園警察及美国国会警察等)。美国警察共有920,000名人員,警民比例为3.25‰,与总面积比例为10名警察/100平方公里。其中,660,000名正规警察、260,000名文职人员,从警察局的人数和规模来看,大多数警察部门平均不逾100人;有800多个警察部门仅有1至2名正规警察,只有38个警察部门人数逾1,000人。 與其他大部份國家和地區的警察不同,根據美國最高法院1981年沃倫訴華盛頓哥倫比亞特區案以及2005年所作出的判決,美國警察沒有保護公民的義務,美國警察只負責執行所隸屬的單位的法律。 (zh)
- Policie ve Spojených státech amerických je jedním ze tří orgánů americké justice spolu se soudy a vězeňstvím. I když každý orgán pracuje nezávisle na ostatních, všechny tři společně tvoří řetězec vedoucí od vyšetřování podezření z trestné činnosti až po zajištění výkonu trestu. Také soudy mají pravomoc rozhodovat ohledně chování ostatních složek. (cs)
- Law enforcement in the United States is one of three major components of the criminal justice system of the United States, along with courts and corrections. Although each component operates semi-independently, the three collectively form a chain leading from an investigation of suspected criminal activity to the administration of criminal punishment. There are more than 900,000 sworn law enforcement officers now serving in the United States, which is the highest figure ever; about 12 percent of those are women. (en)
- Le forze di polizia degli Stati Uniti d'America sono i corpi di polizia degli Stati Uniti d'America, che possono essere di tipo federale, statale o locale. Law enforcement è una delle tre componenti principali della negli Stati Uniti d'America, assieme ad uffici giudiziari e amministrazione penitenziaria. Sebbene ciascuna componente operi semi-indipendentemente, esse collettivamente formano una catena che porta dalle indagini su una sospetta attività criminale, fino all'applicazione della sanzione penale. (it)
- Органы правопорядка США — один из видов самостоятельной и независимой власти в государствах (штатах) США, представляющий собой совокупность организационно-функциональных механизмов государственного характера для реализации целей и задач государственной политики, закреплённых в законах государств (штатов) США. В английском языке за названием cop (русское название коп) закрепилось популярное в США прозвище полицейских (аналог русского «мент»). (ru)
- Polisväsendet i USA återspeglar landets konstitution och ställning som en förbundsstat. I likhet med uppdelningen mellan federala domstolar och delstatliga domstolar samt mellan federala åklagare och delstatliga åklagare finns det även en uppdelning mellan polisorganisationer som härleder sin myndighetsutövning och rättsliga grund från den federala statsmakten (engelska: Federal government) respektive delstatsstyret (engelska: State government). (sv)
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