William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin (original) (raw)
William Thomson, 1. Baron Kelvin oder kurz Lord Kelvin, OM, GCVO, PC, FRS, FRSE, (* 26. Juni 1824 in Belfast, Provinz Ulster, Vereinigtes Königreich Großbritannien und Irland; † 17. Dezember 1907 in Netherhall bei Largs, Schottland) war ein britischer Physiker auf den Gebieten der Elektrizitätslehre und der Thermodynamik. Die Einheit Kelvin wurde nach William Thomson benannt, der im Alter von 24 Jahren die thermodynamische Temperaturskala einführte. Thomson ist sowohl für theoretische Arbeiten als auch für die Entwicklung von Messinstrumenten bekannt.
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| dbo:abstract | Sir William Thomson (Belfast, Irlanda, 26 de juny de 1824 - Largs, Escòcia, 17 de desembre de 1907), fou un físic, matemàtic i enginyer britànic nat a Belfast (Irlanda). Avui dia és més conegut com a Lord Kelvin; va rebre el títol de baró de Kelvin en honor dels seus descobriments i contribucions científiques; el nom procedeix del , que passa pels jardins botànics de la Universitat de Glasgow (Escòcia), en la qual va treballar. Sens dubte, va ser un líder excepcional en l'àmbit de les ciències físiques del segle xix. Va fer importants treballs en el camp de l'anàlisi de l'electricitat i la termodinàmica i va contribuir molt a la unificació de les disciplines emergents de la física vers la seva forma moderna. Una de les seves innovacions fou l'establiment d'un zero absolut corresponent a l'absència absoluta de calor i pressió d'un gas. Va donar el seu nom a una escala de temperatures, anomenada absoluta, mesurada en kèlvins (el seu símbol és K i és l'utilitzat en el sistema internacional d'unitats). També va establir la variació del punt de fusió del glaç en funció de la pressió i va descobrir el refredament degut a l'expansió dels gasos. Lord Kelvin va tenir una segona carrera com a enginyer de telègraf i inventor, que li va donar un projecció pública i va assegurar-li una posició econòmica, honor i fama. (ca) William Thomson, OM, GCVO, PC (26. června 1824, Belfast – 17. prosince 1907, Netherhall u Largsu, Skotsko), známý spíše pod svým šlechtickým jménem lord Kelvin z Largsu, byl britský matematik, matematický fyzik, inženýr a vynálezce. Po dlouhých 53 let byl profesorem přírodní filozofie na Glasgowské univerzitě, kde se zabýval matematickou analýzou elektřiny, formuloval první a druhý termodynamický zákon a velmi se zasloužil o rozvoj vznikajícího oboru fyziky. Byl zvolen prezidentem Královské společnosti a jako první britský vědec byl povýšen do Sněmovny lordů. Během svého života sestrojil řadu vynálezů, např. kvadrantový elektroměr, přístroje pro měření elektřiny v atmosféře nebo nový typ buzoly. Je po něm pojmenována jednotka termodynamické teploty Kelvin (K), což je jedna ze sedmi základních jednotek soustavy SI. V kelvinech se uvádějí absolutní teploty. Ačkoli existence absolutní nuly byla známa již od roku 1702, kdy ji navrhl Guillaume Amontons, Thomson určil roku 1848 její přesnou hodnotu jako −273,15 °C (−459.67 °F). Je po něm rovněž pojmenován Joulův–Thomsonův jev. V letech 1857–1866 se osobně podílel na kladení transatlantických podmořských kabelů, za což byl královnou Viktorií pasován na rytíře. (cs) William Thomson, 1. Baron Kelvin oder kurz Lord Kelvin, OM, GCVO, PC, FRS, FRSE, (* 26. Juni 1824 in Belfast, Provinz Ulster, Vereinigtes Königreich Großbritannien und Irland; † 17. Dezember 1907 in Netherhall bei Largs, Schottland) war ein britischer Physiker auf den Gebieten der Elektrizitätslehre und der Thermodynamik. Die Einheit Kelvin wurde nach William Thomson benannt, der im Alter von 24 Jahren die thermodynamische Temperaturskala einführte. Thomson ist sowohl für theoretische Arbeiten als auch für die Entwicklung von Messinstrumenten bekannt. (de) لورد كلفن (بالإنجليزية: William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin) (26 يونيو 1824 - 17 ديسمبر 1907) هو فيزيائي ومهندس اسكتلندي ولد في إيرلندا الشمالية باسم وليام طومسون وهو مؤسس الفيزياء الحديثة. ولقد أطلق اسمه على وحدة قياس درجة الحرارة المعادلة لدرجة (1) مئوي وهي الكلفن. ولقد حسب كلفن أخفض درجة يمكن أن تصل إليها المادة وسميت هذه الدرجة بالصفر المطلق وهي تعادل −273.15 °C، وقد وسمي المقياس بالمقياس المطلق أو مقياس كلفن. تُعيّن اليوم درجات الحرارة المطلقة بوحدات كلفن تكريمًا له، فرغم اكتشاف الحد الأدنى لدرجة الحرارة (الصفر المطلق) قبل عمله، اشتُهر كلفن بتحديد قيمته الصحيحة بنحو -273.15 درجة مئوية أو -459.67 درجة فهرنهايت. سُمي تأثير جول-تومسون أيضًا على شرفه. عمل بصورة وثيقة مع أستاذ الرياضيات هيو بلاكبيرن في عمله. امتهن أيضًا هندسة التلغراف الكهربائي الذي اخترعه، ما لفت أنظار الجمهور وجعله ضامنًا الثروة والشهرة والتكريم. منحته الملكة فيكتوريا لقب فارس في عام 1866 عن عمله في مشروع التلغراف العابر للمحيط الأطلسي، ليصبح السير ويليام تومسون. أظهر تومسون اهتمامًا كبيرًا بالمجال البحري وعُرف أكثر بعمله على بوصلة البحارة، التي لم تملك موثوقية عالية في السابق. كُرّم عام 1892 تقديرًا لإنجازاته في الديناميكا الحرارية، ولمعارضته الحكم الأيرلندي الداخلي، فأصبح بارون كلفن، من لارغز في مقاطعة آير. يشير العنوان إلى نهر كلفن، الذي يتدفق بالقرب من مختبره في منزل غيلمورهيل التابع لجامعة غلاسكو في هيلهيد. رفض كلفن مغادرة غلاسكو رغم عروض من جامعات مشهورة عالميًا لشغل مناصب رفيعة، وبقي حتى تقاعده نهائيًا من هذا المنصب في عام 1899. نشط في مجال البحث والتطوير الصناعي، عيّنه جورج إيستمان عام 1899 نائب رئيس مجلس إدارة شركة كوداك البريطانية المحدودة، التابعة لشركة إيستمان كوداك. أصبح مستشارًا لجامعة غلاسكو عام 1904. كان منزله قصرًا من الحجر الرملي الأحمر في نذرهول، في لارغز، بناه في سبعينيات القرن التاسع عشر وتوفي فيه. يحتوي متحف هنتريان في جامعة غلاسكو معرضًا دائمًا لأعمال كلفن بما فيها العديد من أوراقه الأصلية وأدواته وغيرها من المصنوعات اليدوية، مثل غليون التدخين الخاص به. (ar) Ο Ουίλιαμ Τόμσον, 1ος βαρόνος Κέλβιν (αγγλ. William Thomson), μέλος του Τάγματος της Αξίας, μεγαλόσταυρος ιππότης του Βασιλικού Βικτοριανού Τάγματος, μέλος του Συμβουλίου Επικρατείας του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου, μέλος της Βασιλικής Εταιρείας, μέλος της Βασιλικής Εταιρείας του Εδιμβούργου (1824-1907) ήταν Ιρλανδός και Βρετανός φυσικός που το 1892 απέκτησε τίτλο ευγενείας και ονομάστηκε βαρόνος Κέλβιν από την ομώνυμη περιοχή. Στη βιβλιογραφία είναι γνωστός και ως Λόρδος Κέλβιν, ιδιαίτερα γνωστός από την επινόηση της θερμοκρασιακής κλίμακας Κέλβιν, η οποία αρχίζει από το απόλυτο μηδέν. Τον τίτλο αυτό έλαβε από το πρωτοποριακό και περισπούδαστο έργο του της ανάπτυξης υποβρύχιων καλωδίων τηλεγράφου χάρη των οποίων και αναπτύχθηκαν οι επικοινωνίες μεταξύ των εκατέρωθεν ακτών του Ατλαντικού ωκεανού.Επίσης ο Κέλβιν θεωρείται ο πρώτος που συνειδητοποίησε ότι στις θερμοκρασίες θα πρέπει να υπάρχει ένα και μόνο κατώτατο σημείο, δηλαδή το απόλυτο μηδέν βάσει του οποίου και ανέπτυξε (επινόησε) τη γνωστή κλίμακα θερμοκρασίας που φέρει το όνομά του, την κλίμακα Κέλβιν. (el) William THOMSON (naskiĝis la 24-an de junio 1824, mortis la 17-an de decembro 1907) estis matematika fizikisto, kiu faris gravan laboron en la scienco de temperaturo. Li naskiĝis en Belfasto, Irlando. Pro liaj bonfaroj, li iĝis la unua Barono Kelvino de Largs, pli konata kiel Lordo Kelvino. Li enteriĝis en Abatejo Westminster, Londono. Meritoj: * Absoluta sistemo pri temperaturo * Spegulo galvanometer * submaraj telegrafaj kabloj * kaj plu. Li ricevis la de la Reĝa Societo de Londono en 1856 kaj la Medalon Copley en 1883. Li iĝis honora membro de Hungara Scienca Akademio en 1873. Li estis prezidanto de la Reĝa Societo de 1890 ĝis 1895. (eo) William Thomson, lord Kelvin, (Reino Unido: /ˈwɪlɪəm ˈtɑːmsən lɔːd ˈkelvɪn/; Belfast, 26 de junio de 1824-Largs, Ayrshire, 17 de diciembre de 1907) fue un físico y matemático británico. Obtuvo los siguientes títulos: Orden de Mérito del Reino Unido, Caballero gran cruz de la Real Orden Victoriana, , Miembro de la Royal Society, creador de la escala de temperatura kelvin. Lord Kelvin destacó por sus importantes trabajos en el campo de la termodinámica y la electricidad, gracias a sus profundos conocimientos de análisis matemático. Es uno de los científicos que más contribuyó a modernizar la física. Es especialmente conocido por haber desarrollado la escala de temperatura Kelvin. Recibió el título de barón Kelvin en honor a los logros alcanzados a lo largo de su carrera. Siempre activo en las investigaciones industriales y de desarrollo, en 1899, aceptó la invitación de George Eastman para ser vicepresidente de la junta directiva de la empresa británica Kodak Ltd., filial de Eastman Kodak. Fue nombrado caballero en 1866 y ennoblecido en 1892 en reconocimiento de sus logros en termodinámica, y de su oposición al Gobierno irlandés, convirtiéndose en barón Kelvin, de Largs en el condado de Ayr. Fue el primer científico británico en ser admitido en la Cámara de los Lores. El título se refiere al río Kelvin, que fluye cerca de su laboratorio en la Universidad de Glasgow. A pesar de las ofertas de puestos elevados en varias universidades de renombre mundial, lord Kelvin se negó a abandonar Glasgow, permaneciendo como profesor de Filosofía Natural durante más de cincuenta años, hasta su retiro final. El Museo Hunteriano de la Universidad de Glasgow tiene una exposición permanente sobre la obra de lord Kelvin, incluyendo muchos de sus papeles originales, instrumentos y otros artefactos como su pipa de fumar. Thomson fue enterrado en la Abadía de Westminster, al lado de la tumba de Isaac Newton. (es) Sir William Thomson, Lord Kelvin izenez ezagunagoa, (Belfast, 1824ko ekainaren 26a - Largs, 1907ko abenduaren 17a) fisikari eta matematikari britainiarra izan zen, Ipar Irlandan jaio arren ikerkuntza nagusiak Eskozian egin zituena. (eu) Ba fisiceoir matamaiticiúil agus innealtóir Éireannach é William Thomson, nó an , an 1ú Barún Kelvin, OM, GCVO, PC, PRS, FRSE, (26 Meitheamh 1824 – 17 Nollaig 1907) a saolaíodh i mBéal Feirste. Chuir Thomson go mór le tógáil na fisice mar disciplín. Bhí ról lárnach aige in aontú na heolaíochta sa chéad sin trí gach athrú fisiciúil a shamhlú mar fheiniméan a raibh baint éigin aige le fuinneamh. Fathach ab ea Thompson i bhfisic an chéid sin, díreach mar a bhí Newton sa 17ú céad agus Einstein sa 20ú céad. Chabhraigh Thomson le bunú na fisice nua-aoisí, shaothraigh dara dlí na teirmidinimice, an dearbhscála teochta (in aonaid atá ainmnithe as: ceilviní), agus teoiric dhinimiciúil an teasa. D'fhorbair sé anailís mhatamaiticiúil an leictreachais, an mhaighnéadais, is na hidridinimice. (ga) William Thomson (1824-1907) adalah seorang fisikawan dan matematikawan asal Britania Raya. Ia lahir pada tanggal 26 Juni 1824 di Belfast, Irlandia, Britania Raya (sekarang bagian dari Irlandia Utara, Britania Raya). Selama 53 tahun menjadi Profesor Filsafat Alam di Universitas Glasgow, Thomson melakukan penelitian penting dalam hal analisis matematis kelistrikan dan perumusan hukum termodinamika pertama dan kedua, dan melakukan banyak hal untuk menyatukan disiplin fisika hingga menjadi bentuk yang digunakan saat ini. Ia menerima Medali Copley dari Royal Society pada tahun 1883, hingga menjadi Presiden Royal Society pada tahun 1890–1895. Ia menjadi ilmuwan Britania pertama yang menjadi anggota Dewan Bangsawan Britania Raya, tepatnya pada tahun 1892. Dia dinobatkan sebagai bangsawan dengan gelar Baron Kelvin, dan menjadi Baron Kevin Pertama, untuk Largs di County Ayr pada tahun 1892, sebagai pengakuan atas pencapaiannya dalam hukum termodinamika, dan penentangannya terhadap status otonomi Irlandia. Gelar kebangsawanan tersebut merujuk pada Sungai Kelvin yang mengalir tidak jauh dari laboratoriumnya di kediaman Gilmorehill Universitas Glasgow di Hillhead. Gelar Baron Kevin menjadi asal penamaan dari satuan pokok SI untuk suhu, Kelvin. Studinya terhadap menuntunnya ke ide bahwa kalor tidak pernah berpindah secara spontan dari benda bersuhu rendah ke benda bersuhu tinggi, teori ini dikenal sebagai hukum kedua termodinamika. Selain itu, ia juga menjadi orang pertama yang mengusulkan dari suhu. (in) William Thomson, mieux connu sous le nom de Lord Kelvin (Belfast, 26 juin 1824 - Largs, 17 décembre 1907), 1er baron Kelvin, est un physicien britannique d'origine irlandaise reconnu pour ses travaux en thermodynamique. Une des innovations de Kelvin est l'introduction d'un « zéro absolu » correspondant à l'absence absolue d'agitation thermique et de pression d'un gaz, dont il avait remarqué les variations liées selon un rapport linéaire. Il a laissé son nom à l'échelle de température, dite absolue, ou température « thermodynamique », mesurée en kelvins. Son titre de Lord Kelvin fait référence à la rivière du même nom, qui coule à proximité de son laboratoire à l'université de Glasgow. (fr) Lord William Thomson, I barone Kelvin, comunemente noto come Lord Kelvin (Belfast, 26 giugno 1824 – Largs, 17 dicembre 1907), è stato un fisico, ingegnere e nobile britannico. All'Università di Glasgow compì importanti lavori nell'analisi matematica dell'elettricità e della termodinamica, e diede un ampio contributo per unificare l'emergente disciplina della fisica nella sua forma moderna. È conosciuto per aver sviluppato la scala Kelvin, che misura la temperatura assoluta. Il titolo di Barone Kelvin gli fu conferito per merito delle sue scoperte, e deriva dal fiume Kelvin, che scorre presso la sua università scozzese di Glasgow.In seguito fece carriera come ingegnere ed inventore del telegrafo elettrico, che gli procurò una maggiore considerazione da parte dell'opinione pubblica e gli assicurò fama e ricchezza. (it) (For other people named William Thomson, see William Thomson (disambiguation).) William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, OM, GCVO, PC, PRS, FRSE (26 June 1824 – 17 December 1907) was a British mathematician, mathematical physicist and engineer born in Belfast. Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Glasgow for 53 years, he did important work in the mathematical analysis of electricity and formulation of the first and second laws of thermodynamics, and did much to unify the emerging discipline of physics in its contemporary form. He received the Royal Society's Copley Medal in 1883, was its president 1890–1895, and in 1892 was the first British scientist to be elevated to the House of Lords. Absolute temperatures are stated in units of kelvin in his honour. While the existence of a coldest possible temperature (absolute zero) was known prior to his work, Kelvin is known for determining its correct value as approximately −273.15 degrees Celsius or −459.67 degrees Fahrenheit. The Joule–Thomson effect is also named in his honour. He worked closely with mathematics professor Hugh Blackburn in his work. He also had a career as an electric telegraph engineer and inventor, which propelled him into the public eye and ensured his wealth, fame and honour. For his work on the transatlantic telegraph project he was knighted in 1866 by Queen Victoria, becoming Sir William Thomson. He had extensive maritime interests and was most noted for his work on the mariner's compass, which previously had limited reliability. He was ennobled in 1892 in recognition of his achievements in thermodynamics, and of his opposition to Irish Home Rule, becoming Baron Kelvin, of Largs in the County of Ayr. The title refers to the River Kelvin, which flows near his laboratory at the University of Glasgow's Gilmorehill home at Hillhead. Despite offers of elevated posts from several world-renowned universities, Kelvin refused to leave Glasgow, remaining until his eventual retirement from that post in 1899. Active in industrial research and development, he was recruited around 1899 by George Eastman to serve as vice-chairman of the board of the British company Kodak Limited, affiliated with Eastman Kodak. In 1904 he became Chancellor of the University of Glasgow. His home was the red sandstone mansion Netherhall, in Largs, which he built in the 1870s and where he died. The Hunterian Museum at the University of Glasgow has a permanent exhibition on the work of Kelvin including many of his original papers, instruments, and other artefacts, such as his smoking pipe. (en) 제1대 켈빈 남작 윌리엄 톰슨(William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, OM, GCVO, PRS, 1824년 6월 26일 ~ 1907년 12월 7일)은 아일랜드에서 태어난 영국의 수리물리학자이며 공학자이다. 글래스고 대학교에서 일하면서 전기와 열역학에 대한 많은 수학적인 분석을 했으며, 물리학을 오늘날의 형태로 정립한 중요한 공헌자이다. 그의 이름을 따서 지은 절대 온도의 단위 켈빈으로 더 잘 알려져 있다. 그의 다른 이름인 켈빈은 스코틀랜드의 글래스고 대학교의 캠퍼스 앞에 흐르던 강 이름인 을 따 남작 작위를 받으면서 지은 것이다. 이 작위는 세습 작위였으나, 톰슨이 평생을 독신으로 살았던 까닭에 그의 대에서 작위가 단절되었다. 그는 전자기학, 열역학, 지구물리학 등의 여러 분야에서 많은 업적을 남겼고, 그 중에서도 열역학 분야에 남긴 업적이 가장 크다. (ko) 初代ケルヴィン男爵ウィリアム・トムソン（英: William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin OM, GCVO, PC, PRS, PRSE、1824年6月26日 - 1907年12月17日）は、アイルランド生まれのイギリス (当時のグレートブリテンおよびアイルランド連合王国)の物理学者。 爵位に由来するケルヴィン卿（Lord Kelvin）の名で知られる。 (ja) William Thomson, 1º barão Kelvin, (também conhecido como Lorde Kelvin) OM, PRS, PRSE (Belfast, 26 de junho de 1824 — Ayrshire, 17 de dezembro de 1907) foi um físico-matemático e engenheiro britânico. Considerado um líder nas ciências físicas do século XIX, ele fez importantes contribuições na análise matemática da eletricidade e termodinâmica, e fez muito para unificar as disciplinas emergentes da física em sua forma moderna. É conhecido por desenvolver a escala Kelvin de temperatura absoluta (onde o zero absoluto é definido como 0 K). O título de Lorde Kelvin foi lhe dado em homenagem a suas realizações. (pt) William Thomson, eerste Baron Kelvin, (Belfast, 26 juni 1824 – Largs (Schotland), 17 december 1907) was een Brits natuurkundige en wordt gezien als een van de belangrijkste natuurwetenschappers van de 19e eeuw. Zijn belangrijkste werk lag op het gebied van de wiskundige analyse toegepast op natuurkundige problemen en in de thermodynamica. Thomson (beter bekend als Lord Kelvin, hoewel hij die titel pas laat in zijn leven kreeg) werd bekend onder het grote publiek door zijn rol bij de aanleg van de trans-Atlantische telegraafkabel. Van groot belang waren ook zijn verbeteringen aan het standaardkompas. (nl) William Thomson, 1. baron Kelvin, lord Kelvin (ur. 26 czerwca 1824 w Belfaście, zm. 17 grudnia 1907 w Largs w Szkocji) – brytyjski naukowiec: fizyk, matematyk i przyrodnik. Podał własne sformułowanie drugiej zasady termodynamiki, badał elektryczność i magnetyzm. Laureat Medalu Copleya (1883). (pl) William Thomson, adlad 1892 till "Baron Kelvin, of Largs in the County of Ayr" – Lord Kelvin, född den 26 juni 1824 i Belfast, död den 17 december 1907, var en irländsk matematiker, fysiker, ingenjör och uppfinnare framför allt verksam i Skottland vid universitetet i Glasgow. Thomson blev efter studier i Glasgow, Cambridge och Paris professor i Glasgow 1846 och innehade denna lärostol till 1899. Lord Kelvin gjorde bland annat viktiga insatser inom termodynamiken. Enheten kelvin för temperatur är uppkallad efter honom. Han var även den första VD:n för IEC. Vid 77 års ålder gjorde han en betydande insats inom kosmologin, då han lyckades lösa gåtan kring Olbers paradox.1853 upptäckte han, tillsammans med James Prescott Joule den så kallade Joule-Thomson-effekten. Asteroiden 8003 Kelvin är uppkallad efter honom. (sv) Уи́льям То́мсон, барон Ке́львин (Ке́лвин) (англ. William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin; 26 июня 1824 года, Белфаст, Ирландия — 17 декабря 1907 года, Ларгс, Шотландия) — британский физик, механик и инженер. Известен своими работами в области термодинамики, механики, электродинамики. Член (1851) и президент (1890—1895) Лондонского королевского общества, иностранный член Парижской академии наук (1877), иностранный член-корреспондент (1877) и почётный член (1896) Петербургской академии наук. (ru) Ві́льям То́мсон, лорд Ке́львін (англ. William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin; 26 червня 1824, Белфаст — 17 грудня 1907, Ларгс, , Шотландія) — один із найвидатніших фізиків у світовій історії. Член Геттінгенської академії наук. Предки Томсона були ірландськими фермерами; батько — Джеймс Томсон (1776—1849 роки), відомий математик, був з 1814 року викладачем в Академічному інституті Белфаста, потім з 1832 р. професор математики у Глазго; відомий своїми підручниками з математики, що витримали десятки видань. Вільям Томсон разом зі старшим братом, Джеймсом, навчалися в коледжі у Глазго, а потім у «Петерхаус коледжі» (англ. St. Peter Colleǵe) в Кембриджі, який Томсон закінчив у 1845 році. У 1846 році у віці двадцяти двох років Томсон прийняв кафедру теоретичної фізики в університеті Глазго. Незвичайні заслуги Томсона в чистій і прикладній науці були цілком оцінені його сучасниками. У 1866 році Томсон був титулований у дворянство, в 1892 році королева Вікторія подарувала йому перство з титулом «барон Кельвін». Назва титулу походить від річки , що тече біля університету Глазго. (uk) 第一代開爾文男爵威廉·湯姆森（William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin，1824年6月26日－1907年12月17日），即开尔文勋爵（Lord Kelvin），在北爱尔兰出生的英國数学物理学家、工程师，也是热力学温标（絕對溫標）的发明人，被稱為熱力學之父。他在格拉斯哥大学时与进行了密切的合作，研究了电学的数学分析、将第一和第二热力学定律公式化，和把各门新兴物理学科统一成现代形式。他因认识到了温度的下限（即绝对零度）而广为人知。 他因对电报机所作出的贡献而出名，并获得财富和荣誉。他先因在横跨大西洋的电报工程中所作出的贡献，于1866年獲得爵士頭銜。到1892年，由於他在热力学方面的工作，以及反对爱尔兰自治的作為，他被封為拉格斯的开尔文男爵（Baron Kelvin, of Largs in the County of Ayr），所以他通常被称为开尔文男爵，这个头衔来自于流经他在苏格兰格拉斯哥大学实验室的开尔文河。受爵後，他因而成為首位进入英国上议院的科学家。 他的住宅是位于克莱德湾的Netherhall，这是一座雄伟的红色砂岩大厦。 为表彰和纪念他对热力学所作出的贡献，人们将热力学温标的单位定为开尔文。 (zh) |
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| dbp:birthPlace | Belfast, Ireland (en) |
| dbp:children | None (en) |
| dbp:crest | A cubit arm erect, vested azure, cuffed argent, the hand grasping five ears of rye proper. (en) |
| dbp:date | 2019-05-02 (xsd:date) March 2015 (en) |
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| dbp:footnotes | It is believed the "PNP" in his signature stands for "Professor of Natural Philosophy". Note that Kelvin also wrote under the pseudonym "P. Q. R." (en) |
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| dbp:motto | Honesty without fear. (en) |
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| dbp:reason | But isn't it overwhelmingly photosynthesis? See talk page. (en) |
| dbp:signature | Lord Kelvin Signature.svg (en) |
| dbp:spouse | 1852 (xsd:integer) 1870 (xsd:integer) 1874 (xsd:integer) 1907 (xsd:integer) (en) Margaret Crum (en) Frances Blandy (en) |
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| dbp:supporters | On the dexter side a student of the University of Glasgow, habited, holding in his dexter hand a marine voltmeter, all proper. On the sinister side a sailor, habited, holding in the dexter hand a coil, the rope passing through the sinister, and suspended therefrom a sinker of a sounding machine, also all proper. (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | William Thomson, 1. Baron Kelvin oder kurz Lord Kelvin, OM, GCVO, PC, FRS, FRSE, (* 26. Juni 1824 in Belfast, Provinz Ulster, Vereinigtes Königreich Großbritannien und Irland; † 17. Dezember 1907 in Netherhall bei Largs, Schottland) war ein britischer Physiker auf den Gebieten der Elektrizitätslehre und der Thermodynamik. Die Einheit Kelvin wurde nach William Thomson benannt, der im Alter von 24 Jahren die thermodynamische Temperaturskala einführte. Thomson ist sowohl für theoretische Arbeiten als auch für die Entwicklung von Messinstrumenten bekannt. (de) Sir William Thomson, Lord Kelvin izenez ezagunagoa, (Belfast, 1824ko ekainaren 26a - Largs, 1907ko abenduaren 17a) fisikari eta matematikari britainiarra izan zen, Ipar Irlandan jaio arren ikerkuntza nagusiak Eskozian egin zituena. (eu) 제1대 켈빈 남작 윌리엄 톰슨(William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, OM, GCVO, PRS, 1824년 6월 26일 ~ 1907년 12월 7일)은 아일랜드에서 태어난 영국의 수리물리학자이며 공학자이다. 글래스고 대학교에서 일하면서 전기와 열역학에 대한 많은 수학적인 분석을 했으며, 물리학을 오늘날의 형태로 정립한 중요한 공헌자이다. 그의 이름을 따서 지은 절대 온도의 단위 켈빈으로 더 잘 알려져 있다. 그의 다른 이름인 켈빈은 스코틀랜드의 글래스고 대학교의 캠퍼스 앞에 흐르던 강 이름인 을 따 남작 작위를 받으면서 지은 것이다. 이 작위는 세습 작위였으나, 톰슨이 평생을 독신으로 살았던 까닭에 그의 대에서 작위가 단절되었다. 그는 전자기학, 열역학, 지구물리학 등의 여러 분야에서 많은 업적을 남겼고, 그 중에서도 열역학 분야에 남긴 업적이 가장 크다. (ko) 初代ケルヴィン男爵ウィリアム・トムソン（英: William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin OM, GCVO, PC, PRS, PRSE、1824年6月26日 - 1907年12月17日）は、アイルランド生まれのイギリス (当時のグレートブリテンおよびアイルランド連合王国)の物理学者。 爵位に由来するケルヴィン卿（Lord Kelvin）の名で知られる。 (ja) William Thomson, 1º barão Kelvin, (também conhecido como Lorde Kelvin) OM, PRS, PRSE (Belfast, 26 de junho de 1824 — Ayrshire, 17 de dezembro de 1907) foi um físico-matemático e engenheiro britânico. Considerado um líder nas ciências físicas do século XIX, ele fez importantes contribuições na análise matemática da eletricidade e termodinâmica, e fez muito para unificar as disciplinas emergentes da física em sua forma moderna. É conhecido por desenvolver a escala Kelvin de temperatura absoluta (onde o zero absoluto é definido como 0 K). O título de Lorde Kelvin foi lhe dado em homenagem a suas realizações. (pt) William Thomson, 1. baron Kelvin, lord Kelvin (ur. 26 czerwca 1824 w Belfaście, zm. 17 grudnia 1907 w Largs w Szkocji) – brytyjski naukowiec: fizyk, matematyk i przyrodnik. Podał własne sformułowanie drugiej zasady termodynamiki, badał elektryczność i magnetyzm. Laureat Medalu Copleya (1883). (pl) Уи́льям То́мсон, барон Ке́львин (Ке́лвин) (англ. William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin; 26 июня 1824 года, Белфаст, Ирландия — 17 декабря 1907 года, Ларгс, Шотландия) — британский физик, механик и инженер. Известен своими работами в области термодинамики, механики, электродинамики. Член (1851) и президент (1890—1895) Лондонского королевского общества, иностранный член Парижской академии наук (1877), иностранный член-корреспондент (1877) и почётный член (1896) Петербургской академии наук. (ru) 第一代開爾文男爵威廉·湯姆森（William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin，1824年6月26日－1907年12月17日），即开尔文勋爵（Lord Kelvin），在北爱尔兰出生的英國数学物理学家、工程师，也是热力学温标（絕對溫標）的发明人，被稱為熱力學之父。他在格拉斯哥大学时与进行了密切的合作，研究了电学的数学分析、将第一和第二热力学定律公式化，和把各门新兴物理学科统一成现代形式。他因认识到了温度的下限（即绝对零度）而广为人知。 他因对电报机所作出的贡献而出名，并获得财富和荣誉。他先因在横跨大西洋的电报工程中所作出的贡献，于1866年獲得爵士頭銜。到1892年，由於他在热力学方面的工作，以及反对爱尔兰自治的作為，他被封為拉格斯的开尔文男爵（Baron Kelvin, of Largs in the County of Ayr），所以他通常被称为开尔文男爵，这个头衔来自于流经他在苏格兰格拉斯哥大学实验室的开尔文河。受爵後，他因而成為首位进入英国上议院的科学家。 他的住宅是位于克莱德湾的Netherhall，这是一座雄伟的红色砂岩大厦。 为表彰和纪念他对热力学所作出的贡献，人们将热力学温标的单位定为开尔文。 (zh) لورد كلفن (بالإنجليزية: William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin) (26 يونيو 1824 - 17 ديسمبر 1907) هو فيزيائي ومهندس اسكتلندي ولد في إيرلندا الشمالية باسم وليام طومسون وهو مؤسس الفيزياء الحديثة. ولقد أطلق اسمه على وحدة قياس درجة الحرارة المعادلة لدرجة (1) مئوي وهي الكلفن. ولقد حسب كلفن أخفض درجة يمكن أن تصل إليها المادة وسميت هذه الدرجة بالصفر المطلق وهي تعادل −273.15 °C، وقد وسمي المقياس بالمقياس المطلق أو مقياس كلفن. (ar) Sir William Thomson (Belfast, Irlanda, 26 de juny de 1824 - Largs, Escòcia, 17 de desembre de 1907), fou un físic, matemàtic i enginyer britànic nat a Belfast (Irlanda). Avui dia és més conegut com a Lord Kelvin; va rebre el títol de baró de Kelvin en honor dels seus descobriments i contribucions científiques; el nom procedeix del , que passa pels jardins botànics de la Universitat de Glasgow (Escòcia), en la qual va treballar. (ca) William Thomson, OM, GCVO, PC (26. června 1824, Belfast – 17. prosince 1907, Netherhall u Largsu, Skotsko), známý spíše pod svým šlechtickým jménem lord Kelvin z Largsu, byl britský matematik, matematický fyzik, inženýr a vynálezce. Po dlouhých 53 let byl profesorem přírodní filozofie na Glasgowské univerzitě, kde se zabýval matematickou analýzou elektřiny, formuloval první a druhý termodynamický zákon a velmi se zasloužil o rozvoj vznikajícího oboru fyziky. Byl zvolen prezidentem Královské společnosti a jako první britský vědec byl povýšen do Sněmovny lordů. (cs) Ο Ουίλιαμ Τόμσον, 1ος βαρόνος Κέλβιν (αγγλ. William Thomson), μέλος του Τάγματος της Αξίας, μεγαλόσταυρος ιππότης του Βασιλικού Βικτοριανού Τάγματος, μέλος του Συμβουλίου Επικρατείας του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου, μέλος της Βασιλικής Εταιρείας, μέλος της Βασιλικής Εταιρείας του Εδιμβούργου (1824-1907) ήταν Ιρλανδός και Βρετανός φυσικός που το 1892 απέκτησε τίτλο ευγενείας και ονομάστηκε βαρόνος Κέλβιν από την ομώνυμη περιοχή. Στη βιβλιογραφία είναι γνωστός και ως Λόρδος Κέλβιν, ιδιαίτερα γνωστός από την επινόηση της θερμοκρασιακής κλίμακας Κέλβιν, η οποία αρχίζει από το απόλυτο μηδέν. (el) William THOMSON (naskiĝis la 24-an de junio 1824, mortis la 17-an de decembro 1907) estis matematika fizikisto, kiu faris gravan laboron en la scienco de temperaturo. Li naskiĝis en Belfasto, Irlando. Pro liaj bonfaroj, li iĝis la unua Barono Kelvino de Largs, pli konata kiel Lordo Kelvino. Li enteriĝis en Abatejo Westminster, Londono. Meritoj: * Absoluta sistemo pri temperaturo * Spegulo galvanometer * submaraj telegrafaj kabloj * kaj plu. Li ricevis la de la Reĝa Societo de Londono en 1856 kaj la Medalon Copley en 1883. Li iĝis honora membro de Hungara Scienca Akademio en 1873. (eo) William Thomson, lord Kelvin, (Reino Unido: /ˈwɪlɪəm ˈtɑːmsən lɔːd ˈkelvɪn/; Belfast, 26 de junio de 1824-Largs, Ayrshire, 17 de diciembre de 1907) fue un físico y matemático británico. Obtuvo los siguientes títulos: Orden de Mérito del Reino Unido, Caballero gran cruz de la Real Orden Victoriana, , Miembro de la Royal Society, creador de la escala de temperatura kelvin. Siempre activo en las investigaciones industriales y de desarrollo, en 1899, aceptó la invitación de George Eastman para ser vicepresidente de la junta directiva de la empresa británica Kodak Ltd., filial de Eastman Kodak. (es) William Thomson, mieux connu sous le nom de Lord Kelvin (Belfast, 26 juin 1824 - Largs, 17 décembre 1907), 1er baron Kelvin, est un physicien britannique d'origine irlandaise reconnu pour ses travaux en thermodynamique. Une des innovations de Kelvin est l'introduction d'un « zéro absolu » correspondant à l'absence absolue d'agitation thermique et de pression d'un gaz, dont il avait remarqué les variations liées selon un rapport linéaire. Il a laissé son nom à l'échelle de température, dite absolue, ou température « thermodynamique », mesurée en kelvins. (fr) Ba fisiceoir matamaiticiúil agus innealtóir Éireannach é William Thomson, nó an , an 1ú Barún Kelvin, OM, GCVO, PC, PRS, FRSE, (26 Meitheamh 1824 – 17 Nollaig 1907) a saolaíodh i mBéal Feirste. Chuir Thomson go mór le tógáil na fisice mar disciplín. Bhí ról lárnach aige in aontú na heolaíochta sa chéad sin trí gach athrú fisiciúil a shamhlú mar fheiniméan a raibh baint éigin aige le fuinneamh. Fathach ab ea Thompson i bhfisic an chéid sin, díreach mar a bhí Newton sa 17ú céad agus Einstein sa 20ú céad. (ga) William Thomson (1824-1907) adalah seorang fisikawan dan matematikawan asal Britania Raya. Ia lahir pada tanggal 26 Juni 1824 di Belfast, Irlandia, Britania Raya (sekarang bagian dari Irlandia Utara, Britania Raya). Selama 53 tahun menjadi Profesor Filsafat Alam di Universitas Glasgow, Thomson melakukan penelitian penting dalam hal analisis matematis kelistrikan dan perumusan hukum termodinamika pertama dan kedua, dan melakukan banyak hal untuk menyatukan disiplin fisika hingga menjadi bentuk yang digunakan saat ini. Ia menerima Medali Copley dari Royal Society pada tahun 1883, hingga menjadi Presiden Royal Society pada tahun 1890–1895. Ia menjadi ilmuwan Britania pertama yang menjadi anggota Dewan Bangsawan Britania Raya, tepatnya pada tahun 1892. (in) (For other people named William Thomson, see William Thomson (disambiguation).) William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, OM, GCVO, PC, PRS, FRSE (26 June 1824 – 17 December 1907) was a British mathematician, mathematical physicist and engineer born in Belfast. Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Glasgow for 53 years, he did important work in the mathematical analysis of electricity and formulation of the first and second laws of thermodynamics, and did much to unify the emerging discipline of physics in its contemporary form. He received the Royal Society's Copley Medal in 1883, was its president 1890–1895, and in 1892 was the first British scientist to be elevated to the House of Lords. (en) Lord William Thomson, I barone Kelvin, comunemente noto come Lord Kelvin (Belfast, 26 giugno 1824 – Largs, 17 dicembre 1907), è stato un fisico, ingegnere e nobile britannico. All'Università di Glasgow compì importanti lavori nell'analisi matematica dell'elettricità e della termodinamica, e diede un ampio contributo per unificare l'emergente disciplina della fisica nella sua forma moderna. È conosciuto per aver sviluppato la scala Kelvin, che misura la temperatura assoluta. Il titolo di Barone Kelvin gli fu conferito per merito delle sue scoperte, e deriva dal fiume Kelvin, che scorre presso la sua università scozzese di Glasgow.In seguito fece carriera come ingegnere ed inventore del telegrafo elettrico, che gli procurò una maggiore considerazione da parte dell'opinione pubblica e gli ass (it) William Thomson, eerste Baron Kelvin, (Belfast, 26 juni 1824 – Largs (Schotland), 17 december 1907) was een Brits natuurkundige en wordt gezien als een van de belangrijkste natuurwetenschappers van de 19e eeuw. Zijn belangrijkste werk lag op het gebied van de wiskundige analyse toegepast op natuurkundige problemen en in de thermodynamica. (nl) William Thomson, adlad 1892 till "Baron Kelvin, of Largs in the County of Ayr" – Lord Kelvin, född den 26 juni 1824 i Belfast, död den 17 december 1907, var en irländsk matematiker, fysiker, ingenjör och uppfinnare framför allt verksam i Skottland vid universitetet i Glasgow. Thomson blev efter studier i Glasgow, Cambridge och Paris professor i Glasgow 1846 och innehade denna lärostol till 1899. Lord Kelvin gjorde bland annat viktiga insatser inom termodynamiken. Enheten kelvin för temperatur är uppkallad efter honom. Han var även den första VD:n för IEC. (sv) Ві́льям То́мсон, лорд Ке́львін (англ. William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin; 26 червня 1824, Белфаст — 17 грудня 1907, Ларгс, , Шотландія) — один із найвидатніших фізиків у світовій історії. Член Геттінгенської академії наук. У 1846 році у віці двадцяти двох років Томсон прийняв кафедру теоретичної фізики в університеті Глазго. Незвичайні заслуги Томсона в чистій і прикладній науці були цілком оцінені його сучасниками. (uk) |
| rdfs:label | William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin (en) لورد كلفن (ar) William Thomson (ca) William Thomson (cs) William Thomson, 1. Baron Kelvin (de) Ουίλιαμ Τόμσον (el) William Thomson (eo) William Thomson (es) William Thomson (eu) William Thomson (ga) William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) (fr) William Thomson (in) William Thomson, I barone Kelvin (it) 제1대 켈빈 남작 윌리엄 톰슨 (ko) ウィリアム・トムソン (ja) William Thomson (natuurkundige) (nl) William Thomson (pl) William Thomson (pt) Томсон, Уильям (лорд Кельвин) (ru) Lord Kelvin (sv) Вільям Томсон (uk) 第一代开尔文男爵威廉·汤姆森 (zh) |
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