Carica papaya Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Diseases are a significant limiting factor for papaya production. The nature and frequency of these diseases depend on local conditions and effective management depends on a thorough knowledge of the pathogen, host plant, environment, and their interaction. The precise identity of the causal agent is of paramount importance, and disease management options must be economical. Assessment of disease incidence or severity, and fruit loss are the key factors in determining the economics of disease management. In general, disease management strategies involve different practices that include plant resistance, and prophylactic and curative measures. The papaya diseases related have diverse etiologies, divided into those with biotic (infectious) and abiotic (noninfectious) etiologies that affect the fruit and those affecting the plant. We have attempted to emphasize procedures for diagnosis and control with detailed information on each. Descriptions of pathogens are provided in sufficient detail to assist professional diagnosticians in making accurate diagnosis. Fungicides used to control many of the diseases described in this chapter are mentioned for information proposes only. Legal restrictions and regulations of fungicide use vary among countries, and regulations within any country are subject to change over time. The information reported has been extracted from the available scientific literature and the authors’ experience, and we hope that this publication will provide a helpful reference to growers, students, and professionals working with papaya.

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- Carica papaya, Plant Pathology

The aim of the study was to establish a green protocol for pectin extraction from unripe papaya flour (UPF), comparing conventional acid hydrolysis (CONV) and compressed fluid extraction techniques, including Pressurized Hot Water Extraction (PHWE) and Enhanced Solvent Extraction (ESE). Highest pectin yields were achieved with ESE (216 ± 10.8 mg g −1) when CO 2 +H 2 O (20:80) + citric acid (0.05 mol L −1) was applied (40 MPa/80°C/ 60 min/300-710 µm), similar to that obtained by CONV (202 ± 49.5 mg g −1) and PHWE (208.0 ± 9.4 mg g −1) using oxalic acid. UPF pectin presented an average galacturonic acid (GalA) content of 73% (w/w) and degree of esterification (DE) of 57.8%, and it was composed predominantly of galactose, glucose and rhamnose. This pectic substance has been shown to contain two main types of pectic chains: rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I, average 58%) proportionally higher than homogalacturonan (HG, average 28%). Compressed fluid extraction techniques allowed obtaining high quality pectin with similar composition to other commercial products.

- by María Santos Pedraza Guevara and +1
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- Supercritical fluids, Supercritical extraction, Carica papaya, Characterization Pectin
- by Ray Ming
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- Technology, Biological Sciences, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Genetic Map

Conventional methods for the selection of papaya pure lines are time-consuming. Procedures involving the use of molecular markers and the indirect selection of homozygous plants can reduce this time considerably. The objective of this study was to evaluate the informativeness of a microsatellite marker set when used in marker-assisted selection (MAS) for the development of new papaya lines. Eighty-three lines originating from two segregating F3 populations and from papaya germplasm were used for the molecular analysis of 27 microsatellite primers. Twenty polymorphic microsatellite primers were identified, allowing the identification of 86 alleles, with an average of 3.18 alleles per primer. The observed heterozygosity values were low for both the markers (0.00–0.29) and the individual lines (0.00–0.35). The inbreeding coefficient (f) ranged from 0.634 to 1.00. Eleven lines with f = 1.00 and 18 lines with f varying from 0.953 to 0.961 were identified. In addition, papaya lines showed high genetic diversity, which will certainly contribute to the development of new varieties. Our results show that the use of microsatellites in MAS is a quick and effective procedure for the development of papaya lines.

- by Eder Oliveira
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- Technology, Polymorphism, Genetic Diversity, Biological Sciences
- by Davi Brasil and +2
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- Carica papaya

Control of papaya anthracnose with field fungicide sprays in the Atlantic Region of Costa Rica. Seven fungicides were tested in the field against papaya (Carica papaya) fruit anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz., in Costa Rica's Atlantic region. Fungicides were applied from flowering to harvest at biweekly intervals during the dry season and at weekly intervals during the rainy season.

- by Luis Felipe Arauz
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- Seasonality, Carica papaya, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Dry Season
- by L. Silva-rosales and +1
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- Microbiology, Plant Biology, Carica papaya, Plant Disease
- by J. McComb
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- Plant Biology, Carica papaya, Auxin, Root System
- by Anuraga Jayanegara
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- Principal Component Analysis, Animal Production, Methane, Manihot esculenta

Rainbow papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a genetically engineered (GE) cultivar with resistance to papaya ringspot virus (PRSV). This cultivar currently accounts for about 70% of Hawaii's papaya acreage. The nutritional composition of Rainbow papaya and a non-transgenic control were analyzed to address GE food safety concerns regarding the potential for altered nutritional composition and altered expression of inherent allergens

- by Savarni Tripathi
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- Analytical Chemistry, Food Safety, Food composition, Food Analysis
- by Marinus Van Krimpen and +1
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- Microbiology, Veterinary, Veterinary Parasitology, Phytotherapy

Today, in the hype of Dengue fever around the country, the juice of freshly crushed mature leaves being given to patients contracted with dengue fever as traditionally being practiced. Based on testimonial claims among friends and cyber sharing information, this practice works all the time. They claimed that the platelets immediately rose after drinking the thick bitter juice of crushed fresh papaya leaves. In validating the traditional claims, I found few scientific reports confirming the claims.

- by fadzilah adibah abdul majid
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- Nutraceuticals, Traditional Medicine, Dengue, Carica papaya

MgO nanopowders were synthesised via a simple and " greener " route using Carica papaya leaf extract at 500 • C. The bio-derived MgO nanopowders (MgONPs) were characterised by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), differential thermal and thermogravimetric (DTA-TGA) analysis, powder X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The COD and BOD reduction efficiency of the MgO—NPs was evaluated in the presence of raw and simulated tannery wastewater. Under optimum conditions, the COD of raw tannery wastewater reduced from 2725.9 mg/L to 126.5 mg/L and BOD from 1899.5 mg/L to 104.5 mg/L in a batch system. Also, the turbidity was reduced from the initial concentration of 588 NTU to a level of 98 NTU within 120 min. Impressively, 93.5% COD reduction and 96.9% BOD reduction were obtained by the fixed-bed system. The spent MgO was regenerated and reused several times without significant loss of capacity. Hence, the bio-derived MgO nanopowders offered potential benefits for BOD and COD removal from tannery wastewater.

Kulit merupakan bagian terluar tubuh yang mudah terpapar lingkungan yang prooksidatif seperti sinar matahari. Paparan sinar UV menjadi perhatian khusus karena dapat berinteraksi dengan sel kulit dan menyebabkan berbagai efek kerusakan seperti terjadinya pembakaran pada kulit, penuaan dini, atau kerusakan kulit lainnya termasuk kanker. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan sediaan tabir surya yang dapat melindungi kulit dari bahaya radiasi sinar matahari. Tabir surya (Sunscreen) merupakan bahan kosmetik yang secara fisik atau kimia memberikan perlindungan terhadap efek perubahan dari sinar matahari terutama radiasi ultraviolet. Tabir surya fisik misalnya titanium dioksida, seng oksida yang dapat memantulkan sinar. Tabir surya fisik dapat menahan UV A maupun UV B. Satu diantara tabir surya alami adalah senyawa fenolik yang terdapat dalam tumbuhan dan berfungsi melindungi jaringan tanaman terhadap kerusakan akibat radiasi sinar matahari. Senyawa fenolik khususnya golongan flavonoid mempunyai potensi sebagai tabir surya karena adanya gugus kromofor (ikatan rangkap tunggal terkonjugasi) yang mampu menyerap sinar UV baik UV A maupun UV B sehingga mengurangi intensitasnya pada kulit. Efektivitas sediaan tabir surya didasarkan pada penentuan harga SPF (Sun Protected Factor) yang menggambarkan kemampuan produk tabir surya dalam melindungi kulit dari eritema. Tumbuhan Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) merupakan tanaman lokal yang secara empiris digunakan untuk menanggulangi ruam kulit dan kulit terbakar. Ketersediaan tanaman papaya di Indonesia cukup melimpah khususnya di Lampung, telah banyak petani yang membudidayakan tanaman ini. Berbagai bahan tanaman alam dapat digunakan sebagai sumber tabir surya seperti buah, daun, biji bunga, batang dan rimpang. Penelitian Tabir surya dari ekstrak buah papaya telah dilakukan oleh Sanchin dkk (2013), oleh karena itu perlu adanya penelitian pada bagian tanaman papaya lain. Penggunaan kulit buah sangat jarang digunakan karena kulit dianggap sebagai limbah, meskipun kulit papaya ini mempunyai kegunaan yang sangat tinggi. Pada penelitian Santos dkk, (2014) analisis kandungan senyawa fenolik dan Vitamin C kulit papaya lebih tinggi

- by Yasmeen Siddiqui
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- Essential Oil, Weight Loss, Postharvest Biology and Technology, Carica papaya
- by farah aszar
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- Carica papaya, Anti-inflammatory, Papaya, Anti Inflammatory Activity

This study highlights the induction of somatic embryogenesis using immature zygotic embryos of Carica papaya commercial varieties viz. Coorg Honey dew, Washington, Honey dew, Pusa delicious, Pusa nanha, Taiwan 786, Taiwan 785, Sunrise, Solo, Co-1, C0-7, and Co-3 respectively. Somatic embryos formed in the presence of thidiazuron (TDZ) in combination with 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D), but never on explants cultured on control medium lacking plant growth regulators. Embryogenic callus could be induced from immature zygotic embryos after 4-6 weeks of culture on full-strength Murashige and Skoog inorganic salts, which served as the basal medium supplemented with 4.52 µM 2, 4-D and 2.27 µM TDZ (induction and maintenance medium). The ability to induce embryogenic tissue varied for different papaya tested varieties, and there was a mixed genotypic response on the induction of embryogenic cultures. The highest percentage of somatic embryogenesis was noticed in a papaya variety Taiwan-786 (87.0±4.2a), followed by Taiwan-785 (85.0±3.0a), and Coorg Honey dew (81.0±3.2a) respectively. This protocol is simple and reproducible, and could be useful for regenerating large number of plants as well as provide a target tissue for genetic transformation experiments.

- by Karla Georges and +2
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- Folk Medicine, Ethnopharmacology, Medicinal Plants, Preventive Veterinary Medicine

- Anopheles mosquitoes, sp is the main vector of malaria
disease that is widespread in many parts of the world including in
Papua Province. There are four speciesof Anopheles mosquitoes,
sp, in Papua namely: An.farauti, An.koliensis, An. subpictus, and
An.punctulatus. Larviciding synthetic cause resistance. This
study aims to analyze the potential of papaya leaf and seeds
extracts (Carica papaya) as larvicides against the mosquitoes
Anopheles sp. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory
of Health Research and Development in Jayapura Papua
province. The method used is an experimental post - only control
group design. Sampling was done randomly on the larvae of
Anopheles sp of breeding places in Kampung Kehiran Jayapura
Sentani District, 1,500 larvae.

- by IJSRP Journal
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- Carica papaya, Larvicides,, Anopheles sp

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui waktu persilangan yang baik pada pepaya serta untuk memperoleh informasi ada tidaknya efek metaxenia pada pepaya. Tujuh genotipe pepaya koleksi plasma nutfah PKBT IPB yaitu IPB 1, IPB 5,... more

- by Apri Sulistyo
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- Hybridization, Carica papaya, Genotype, Papaya
- by Ray Ming
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- Genetics, Reproduction, Flower Development, Gene Cloning

The bioactive compounds of the leaves of Carica papaya; solo and solomix were extracted using ethanol and n-hexane, and investigated for the presence of secondary metabolites. Both ethanol and n-hexane extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids. Flavonoids, glycosides and saponins were present in only the ethanol extract whereas tannins were present in the n-hexane extract. The bioactivities of the leaf extracts were attributed to their phytochemical constituents. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts were determined against some human pathogenic bacteria and fungi such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans using the agar well diffusion and broth dilution methods with the polar extract being more effective. The ethanol extract demonstrated a significant broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, with the highest activity having a zone of inhibition of 10 mm. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH assay method and the absorbance measured using UV-visible spectrophotometer with ascorbic acid as control. The antioxidant activities of solo and solomix showed IC50 of 1.465x10-2 and 1.364x 10-2 respectively. This study demonstrates the efficacy of ethanolic leaf extracts of C. Papaya as an alternative antibiotic for the development of newer antibacterial agents.

- by Nathaniel Boadi and +2
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- Phytochemistry, Antimicrobial activity, Phytoconstituents of Natural Products, Antioxidant Activity
- by Yasmeen Siddiqui
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- Food Chemistry, Multidisciplinary, Weight Loss, Relative Humidity

Background: A substantial number of drugs are being developed from plants for the treatment of various diseases. Lannea egregia (LE) is a woody perennial plant used traditionally in the management of skin disorders and wounds.Aim: To investigate the biological activities of different solvent extracts of LE bark.Settings: Fresh stem bark of Lannea egregia was collected from Itabo Lanlate, Oyo State, Nigeria. The authentication was done in Forest Herbarium, Ibadan (FHI), Nigeria. The biological activities of the air-dried sample were carried out in the Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.Materials and methods: Powdered LE bark sample was extracted by gradient extraction. Phytochemical screening was performed on the extracts using standard procedure. In vitro antimicrobial study was performed on 14 strains of bacteria and 5 fungal strains at a concentration range of 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/mL of the extract using ciprofloxacin and itraconazole as standard. The mini...

- by basirat rafiu
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- Mathematics, Phytochemistry, Nanotechnology, Research
- by Aziz Ahmed and +1
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- Agronomy, Toxicology, Agriculture, Mustard aphid
- by davi barros
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- Carica papaya

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de las nanopartículas de cobre (Cu) en la vida de anaquel de la papaya. El experimento se realizó en el Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología de la UNAM (CNyN) en Ensenada, Baja California en 2017. Se seleccionaron 9 papayas aparentemente sanas y se distribuyeron en dos tratamientos de [10mM] y [30mM] cada uno y un testigo. El experimento consistió en la aplicación de aspersiones de nanopartículas de Cu, sintetizadas en extracto de alga, sobre una cara de papel blanco grado alimenticio, que comúnmente se utiliza para acelerar el proceso de maduración de la papaya. Las papayas se envolvieron en el papel y se destaparon cada 24 horas durante 10 días para verificar la aparición de micelio en la superficie del fruto. Teniendo como resultado que no hubo crecimiento de hongos en las papayas envueltas en papel impregnado con nanopartículas de cobre a [10mM] y [30mM], las papayas con [10mM] aumentaron su vida de anaquel en una semana y en comparación con las papayas testigo y las envueltas en papel con [30mM] presentaron mejor aspecto y firmeza.

- by Rafael Betanzos
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- Agriculture, Fungi, Nanotechnology, Carica papaya
- by Cheryl Lans
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- Folk Medicine, Ethnopharmacology, Medicinal Plants, Preventive Veterinary Medicine
- by Fabiola Zuñiga
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- Carica papaya
- by Maneesh Mishra
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- Carica papaya
- by Mauro Muñoz
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- Carotenoids, Carica papaya, Productos naturales, Colorantes
- by Idongesit Akpan
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- Performance, Snails, Carica papaya, Chromolaena odorata
- by Laura Barrera
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- Antifungal Activity, Carica papaya, Room Temperature, Plant species
- by A. Hardisson
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- Food, Industrial Biotechnology, Canary Islands, Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
- by Ray Ming
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- Genetics, Plant Biology, Flower Development, Sex Determination
- by Aziz Ahmed and +1
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- Agronomy, Agriculture, Mustard aphid, Carica papaya
- by Didier Montet
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- Chemical Engineering, Model Selection, Carica papaya, Fatty Acid

The sex of Carica papaya, an angiosperm and Cycas circinalis, a gymnosperm was studied using ISSR and RAPD techniques in pre-flowering stage. One female-specific band generated from ISSR profile using primer (GACA)4 was detected in... more

- by Tanoy Bandyopadhyay and +1
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- Multidisciplinary, Current Science, Carica papaya
- by Eliemar Campostrini
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- Plant Biology, Plant Physiology, Water use efficiency, Relative Humidity
- by Isaac Romero
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- Weight Loss, Disease Severity, Pseudomonas Fluorescens, Psidium guajava
- by Stephen Bickler
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- Traditional Medicine, Wound Healing, Developing Countries, Treatment Outcome

The mode of inheritance of chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA has been determined in intergeneric hybrids between C. papaya and four different Vasconcellea species by employing a restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a PCR-amplified chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA region. Artificial F1 hybrids were produced between a female specimen of C. papaya and male specimens of either V. parviflora, V. goudotiana, V. cundinamarcensis or V. quercifolia. The hybridization patterns of all hybrids correspond in all cases with that of the C. papaya mother, and are different from that of the paternal Vasconcellea species, thus indicating the maternal inheritance of cpDNA and mtDNA in intergeneric hybrids between C. papaya and wild relatives of the Vasconcellea genus.

- by Bart Van Droogenbroeck
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- Technology, Biological Sciences, Mitochondrial DNA, Carica papaya
- by Sheila Posse
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- Carica papaya

Laboratory experiment was conducted in Microbiology
Laboratory of School of Science and Science Technology,
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria, to
determine the antifugal effect of some plant extracts at different
concentration to control tomato fruit rot via both invitro and
invivo approaches. The aqueous moringa, Lantana, garlic and
pawpaw each with two varying concentrations (40 and 60g/l)
were evaluated along with carbendazin for comparison and
untreated tomatoes serving as control against Aspergillus flavus.
The treatments were laid in a Completely Randomized Design
(CRD) with three replications. The results showed a promising
antifungal activity of the crude extracts of these plants against A.
flavous. Among the various plant extracts with varying
concentrations, aqueous extracts of pawpaw (40 and 60g/l) was
found to have more significance (P< 0.01) inhibitory effect on
radial growth of A. flavus both invitro (0.30 and 0.24cm and
invivo 0.77 and 0.71) better than other extracts and is comparable
to carbendazim. On the other hand, lantana, garlic and moringa at
40 and 60g/l reduced radial growth of A. flavus better than the
control. This finding proved the potentiality of plant extracts for
the control of post harvest and transit fungal rot of tomato fruit
and could be applied to control fungal fruit rot of tomato in both
storage and on transit.

- by IJSRP Journal
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- Weight Loss, Antifungal, Carica papaya, Radial Growth

Ollitrault, P., Bruyère, S., Ocampo, J.A., de Lapeyre, J.L., Gallard, A., Argoud, L., Duval, M-F., Coppens d'Eeckenbrugge, G., F. Le Bellec. 2007. Papaya breeding for tolerance to bacterial decline (Erwinia sp.) in the Caribbean region.... more