Educational Attainment Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Previous studies have lacked sufficient power to assess associations between early-life socioeconomic position and adult cause-specific mortality. The authors examined associations of parental social class at age 0-16 years with mortality... more

Previous studies have lacked sufficient power to assess associations between early-life socioeconomic position and adult cause-specific mortality. The authors examined associations of parental social class at age 0-16 years with mortality among 1,824,064 Swedes born in 1944-1960. Females and males from manual compared with nonmanual childhood social classes were more likely to die from smoking-related cancers, stomach cancer, respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Males from manual compared with nonmanual social classes were more likely to die from unintentional injury, homicide, and alcoholic cirrhosis. The association with stomach cancer was little affected by adjustment for parental later-life and own adult social class or education. For other outcomes, educational attainment resulted in greater attenuation of associations than did adjustment for adult social class. Early-life social class was not related to suicide or to melanoma, colon, breast, brain, or lym...

We examined 5-year longitudinal changes in Tower of Hanoi (TOH) performance in a population-based sample of adults (35–85 years initially; n = 1480). An age-matched sample (n = 433) was included to estimate practice effects. The... more

We examined 5-year longitudinal changes in Tower of Hanoi (TOH) performance in a population-based sample of adults (35–85 years initially; n = 1480). An age-matched sample (n = 433) was included to estimate practice effects. The longitudinal age gradients differed substantially from the cross-sectional age gradients. This was the case even when practice effects, that were substantial in magnitude across the young/middle-aged groups, were controlled for. Instead of a continuous age-related deficit in performance from 35 and onwards, longitudinal data showed slowing of performance and increases of illegal moves past age 65. Cohort-related differences in educational attainment did not account for this discrepancy. Further analyses revealed a positive relation between practice-related gains and explicit memory of having performed the task at the first test occasion and a positive association between latent changes in TOH and Block Design, in line with cross-sectional findings. In conclusion, the results demonstrate a pattern of age-related changes indicating a late-onset decline of TOH performance and underscore the need to control for retest effects in longitudinal aging research.

Abstract. This paper uses cross-sectional data from the 1955, 1965, and 1975 Social Stratification and Mobility Surveys to investigate the effect of schooling on personal income in the Japanese male labor force. For each survey,... more

Abstract. This paper uses cross-sectional data from the 1955, 1965, and 1975 Social Stratification and Mobility Surveys to investigate the effect of schooling on personal income in the Japanese male labor force. For each survey, log-income regressions are estimated which include ...

The issues of poor quality of life among Nigeria women results to inadequate participation of women in the development of the country, high rate of maternal death, increasing rate of mentally, physically challenge and high rate of... more

The issues of poor quality of life among Nigeria women results to inadequate participation of women in the development of the country, high rate of maternal death, increasing rate of mentally, physically challenge and high rate of financial handicap of Nigeria women, which have significant influence on the society at large attracted attention of this study. This study examined influence of demographic variable on quality of life among women in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria. The study utilized cross-sectional research design which involves the use of self-report questionnaire for data collection. A total number of 600 women participated in the study. Results outcomes shows that marital status had significant influence on quality of life at (F (4/595) = 13.324, P<0.05). The result also revealed that religion income and occupation had significant influence on quality of life of women in Ibadan metropolis (F (2/597) = 7.267, P<0.05. F (7/592) = 4.905, P<0.05 & F (3/596) = 3.190, P<0.05). It was concluded that marital status, religion, educational attainment, income and occupation of women living in Ibadan metropolis significantly influence their quality of life. Therefore, this study recommends that women should seek to acquire more knowledge through their educational status and government should create conducive workplace climate and improve financial assistance programme to built economic status of Nigeria women.

The importance of parental education and living conditions on children's educational attainment is quantified. Two estimation strategies are followed: the least squares estimation uses number of years of education as the dependent... more

The importance of parental education and living conditions on children's educational attainment is quantified. Two estimation strategies are followed: the least squares estimation uses number of years of education as the dependent variable, and the "double probit"-model with endogenous selection uses a two class categorisation of education. It is found, that parents' education, and especially mother's education, matters for children's

We study the rural-urban divide in educational attainment in a cross-country setting. In order to do this, we present a newly constructed cross-country data set measuring average educational attainment in rural and urban regions of 56... more

We study the rural-urban divide in educational attainment in a cross-country setting. In order to do this, we present a newly constructed cross-country data set measuring average educational attainment in rural and urban regions of 56 countries. This data set is used to study the sources of variation in (i) rural educational attainment, (ii) urban educational attainment, and (iii) the

Patient education improves clinical outcomes in patients with chronic illness, but little is known about the education needs of patients with IBS. The objective of this study was to identify: (1) patients perceptions about IBS; (2) the... more

Patient education improves clinical outcomes in patients with chronic illness, but little is known about the education needs of patients with IBS. The objective of this study was to identify: (1) patients perceptions about IBS; (2) the content areas where patients feel insufficiently informed, i.e., "knowledge gaps" about diagnosis, treatment options, etiology, triggers, prognosis, and role of stress; and (3) whether there are differences related to items 1 and 2 among clinically significant subgroups. The IBS-Patient Education Questionnaire (IBS-PEQ) was developed using patient focus groups and cognitive item reduction of items. The IBS-PEQ was administered to a national sample of IBS patients via mail and online. Frequencies of item endorsements were obtained. Clinically relevant groups, (a) health care seekers or nonhealth care seekers and (b) users or nonusers of the Web, were identified and grouped as MD/Web, MD/non-Web, and non-MD/Web. 1,242 patients completed the su...

Andhra Pradesh Government has found a solution to the troubles of land acquisition in building a new capital city (Amaravati) on 34,690 acres of farm land by using land pooling scheme. Amaravati is the India's first planned capital of a... more

Andhra Pradesh Government has found a solution to the troubles of land acquisition in building a new capital city (Amaravati) on 34,690 acres of farm land by using land pooling scheme. Amaravati is the India's first planned capital of a state to build up from scratch in the recent decades. The Government strategy was to make all farmers stakeholders in the new capital, so that they voluntarily "pooled" their land with the city development agency known as Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority shortly known as APCRDA. The land parcels owned by individuals or group of owners are legally consolidated by transfer of ownership rights to the authority, which later transfers the ownership of a part of the developed land back to the landowners. Land owners were also given some social and economic benefits for a certain period for participating in Land Pooling scheme along with the return of part of the developed land. As the land owners contribute their land voluntarily, the whole land pooling process was very smooth. The pooling process mostly did not disrupt the current inhabitants. In this context, an attempt is made in this paper to examine the impact of Land Pooling Scheme on Social conditions in the capital city area (Amaravati) of Andhra Pradesh.

This paper aims to contribute to our understanding of the factors influencing South Asian entrepreneurial growth in Britain. It develops a multivariate model along the lines of small business economics but includes cultural and social... more

This paper aims to contribute to our understanding of the factors influencing South Asian entrepreneurial growth in Britain. It develops a multivariate model along the lines of small business economics but includes cultural and social variables. The theoretical model specified assumes that cultural factors have an augmenting effect on socio-economic factors. A distinction is also drawn between initial entrepreneurial characteristics and later expansion strategies used. The empirical model, based on the general-to-specific approach, can explain almost 60 per cent of entrepreneurial growth. The results suggest that moving away from a style of management based on immigrant culture has a positive impact on growth. This requires greater delegation of responsibilities to non-family employees. At the same time, strengthening links with the country of origin has a positive impact on growth. While the commitment to work hard at start-up is essential, human capital factors like the entrepreneur's educational attainment and employee training appear to be more crucial than financial resources in contributing to growth.

The development of a conceptual model that provides a theoretical framework for understanding the conative factors of desire, resourcefulness, initiative, and persistence in autonomous learning consi- dered the related variables of... more

The development of a conceptual model that provides a theoretical framework for understanding the conative factors of desire, resourcefulness, initiative, and persistence in autonomous learning consi- dered the related variables of gender, education level, age, and marital status. The relevance of these demographic variables is based on prior research in the area of self-directed learning that suggested additional consideration in

The authors describe the clinical presentation of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) according to the cognitive-behavioral model. The vulnerability factors for the development of PTSD are discussed. The foundations of the cognitive... more

The authors describe the clinical presentation of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) according to the cognitive-behavioral model. The vulnerability factors for the development of PTSD are discussed. The foundations of the cognitive approach to PTSD are presented and guidelines on the contends and duration of the psychotherapy is proposed.