Flavanoids Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Lectins were precipitated by ammonium sulphate precipitation method.
Carbohydrate and proteins were detected by thin layer chromatography and
infrared spectroscopy techniques. Crude lectins were partially characterized by its
binding affinity with human erythrocytes by hemagglutination inhibition assay
and their molecular weights were determined by SDS-page gel electrophoresis.
The amount of proteins was quantitatively measured by Lowry method.
Antibacterial and antifungal activities were investigated by disk diffusion assay.
Salmonella induced hemagglutination inhibition activities were observed. Isolated
lectins contained carbohydrates and protein conjugates in their structures. The
isolated lectins showed molecular weight was about 45 kD and 18 kD and seemed
as a dimeric. It showed weaker antibacterial and antifungal activities.
Conclusions: The seed of Lablab purpureous is food stuff and it may be
considered as good source of proteins and as an antimicrobial protective agent

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- Flavanoids, Antifungal Drugs, Antifungal, Antifungal Activity
- by Dr. maya kushwaha and +1
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- Pharmacology, Biochemistry, Pharmacy, Toxicology
- by Ramakrishna Ungarala
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- Pharmacology, Pharmacy, STEROIDS, Flavanoids

Molecular structure, spectral investigation (1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, UV–Visible, FT-IR, FT-Raman), NBO, intramolecular hydrogen bonding, chemical reactivity and first hyperpolarizability analysis of formononetin [7-hydroxy-3(4-methoxyphenyl)chromone]: A quantum chemical study A combined theoretical and experimental approach is used to study the properties of formononetin. FT-Raman and FT-IR spectra were recorded in the solid phase, and interpreted in terms of PED analysis. The computational results diagnose the most stable conformer of formononetin. Chemical reactivity has been measured by reactivity descriptors and MEP. The existence of intramolecular H-bonds is investigated on the basis of AIM theory and NBO analysis. g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c t a b s t r a c t Formononetin [7-hydroxy-3(4-methoxyphenyl)chromone or 4 0-methoxy daidzein] is a soy isoflavonoid that is found abundantly in traditional Chinese medicine Astragalus mongholicus (Bunge) and Trifolium pretense L. (red clover), and in an Indian medicinal plant, Butea (B.) monosperma. Crude extract of B. mono-sperma is used for rapid healing of fracture in Indian traditional medicine. In this study, a combined theoretical and experimental approach is used to study the properties of formononetin. The optimized geometry was calculated by B3LYP method using 6-311++G(d,p) as a large basis set. The FT-Raman and FT-IR spectra were recorded in the solid phase, and interpreted in terms of potential energy distribution (PED) analysis. Density functional theory (DFT) is applied to explore the nonlinear optical properties of the molecule. Good consistency is found between the calculated results and observed data for the electronic absorption, IR and Raman spectra. The solvent effects have been calculated using time-dependent density functional theory in combination with the integral equation formalism polarized continuum model, and the results are in good agreement with observed measurements. The double well potential energy curve of the molecule about the respective bonds, have been plotted, as obtained from DFT/6-31G basis set. The computational results diagnose the most stable conformer of formononetin. The HOMO–LUMO energy gap of possible conformers has been calculated for comparing their chemical activity. Chemical reactivity has been measured by reactivity descriptors and molecular electrostatic potential

- by rashmi mishra
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- Vibrational Spectroscopy, Flavanoids, Computational Quantum Chemistry

A B S T R A C T Management of Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced gastroenteropathy has emerged as a major medical and socioeconomic problem mainly because the highly efficacious gastroprotective drugs i.e. proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) like pantoprazole sodium (PTZ), worsen the NSAID-induced enteropathic damage and lack of approved therapeutic strategies/interventions to prevent this damage. Hence, the primary objective of the current study was to assess whether we can protect the GI mucosa against gastroenteropathic damage caused by diclofenac sodium (DIC) in rats by co-administration of PTZ and quercetin (QCT). Rats were treated twice daily with QCT (35, 50 and 100 mg kg À1 peroral) and/or PTZ (4 mg kg À1) or vehicle for a total of 10 days. In some experiments, DIC (9 mg kg À1) was administered orally twice daily for the final 5 days of PTZ/QCT + PTZ/vehicle administration. Rats in all the groups were fasted after the last dose on 9th day, but, water was provided ad libitum. 12 h after the last dose on 10th day, rats were euthanized and their GI tracts were assessed for haemorrhagic damage, lipid peroxidation, intestinal permeability and GI luminal pH alterations along with haematological and biochemical estimations. The experimental evidences suggested that co-administration of QCT with PTZ significantly attenuated the exacerbation of NSAID-induced enteropathic damage in a dose dependent manner. The combination of PTZ 4 mg kg À1 and QCT at the doses of 50 or 100 mg kg À1 was found to effective in preventing the DIC-induced gastroenteropathy. The present report focuses on the gastroenteroprotective ability of QCT and the mechanisms may be related to its ability to prevent GI blood loss, the lipid peroxidation, intestinal permeability alteration and alteration in GI luminal pH.

- by Devendra Pratap Singh, M.Pharm, MBA (Ph.D) and +1
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- Flavanoids, Anti Ulcer Activity, Quercetin, Peptic Ulcers

Based on the traditional folk use, the anti-diarrheal activity of the methanolic extract of Achillea millefolium L.
(AM) leaves was evaluated on castor oil-induced diarrhoea and assessment of gastrointestinal propulsion of
charcoal meal in rats. Achillea millefolium L. commonly known as yarrow belonging to the family Asteraceae, is an
ancient traditional herb native to Europe and is used to treat wounds, hepatic disorders, gastrointestinal disorders,
spasmodic diseases, headaches, pain, inflammation and diarrhoea. The three doeses of Achillea millefolium L.
methanolic extract has been selected (150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 450 mg/kg). Among three dosages of AM leaves,
the two dosages (300 mg/kg-IIIb and 450 mg/kg IIIc) showed a significant reduction in various parameters like
distance travelled (IIIb-25±1.679 cm; IIIc-17±2.534 cm) and % average travelled (IIIb-47.16; IIIc-32.69) travelled
in charcoal meal model when compaired to control group. Phytochemical screening of the plant extract revealed the
presence of flavonoids, tannins, steroids and terpenes. Results showed that the methanolic extract of Achillea
millefolium Leaves possess anti-diarrhoeal activity possibly mediated by inhibiting the intestinal motility,
hydroelectrolyte secretion and by making intestinal mucosa more resistant to chemical alteration and hence reduce
secretions.

- by Dr. Souravh Bais
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- Flavanoids, Castor Oil, Antidiarrhoeal activity, Achillea millefolium

A B S T R A C T Myricetin-a natural flavonoid-has attracted a great interest due to its antioxidant and free-radical scavenging potential. However, its physicochemical instability critically impairs its dosage form design, evaluation and administration. In an attempt to protect from degradation, MYR was encapsulated into Gelucire-based solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). The impact of medium pH, processing temperature and different additives on the drug degradation either in free or nanoencapsulated form was assessed. MYR stability was further monitored in essential biorelevant fluids. Investigations have led to the recommendation that the presence of fat-soluble antioxidant is necessary during SLN preparation to protect the drug at high temperature. Meanwhile, physiological buffers as well as simulated fluids should be supplemented with stabilizers as tween 80 and Poloxamer 407, in addition to water-soluble antioxidant such as sodium sulfite. Interestingly, mucin-containing fluids are suggested to provide better protection to MYR, in contrast, cell culture media do not guarantee MYR stability. The degradation kinetics changed from 1st to 2nd order mechanism after MYR nanoencapsulation. In presence of the aforementioned additives, MYR-SLNs significantly reduced the drug degradation rate constant up to 300-folds and prolonged the half-life time up to 4500-folds compared to free MYR in physiological buffers (One-way ANOVA, p < 0.05). As a proof of concept, in vitro release experiment in presence of phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) supplemented with these additives ensured sustained release of MYR over > 8 h with no signs of degradation. The study emphasizes virtuous guidance regarding appropriate nanoencapsulation conditions and evaluation attributes ensuing MYR physicochemical stability.

- by Noha Nafee
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- Pulmonary Research, Nanoparticles, Nanotechnology, Stability

The ongoing pandemic situation of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a global threat to both the world economy and public health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover effective vaccines or drugs to fight against this virus. The flavonoids and their medicinal plant sources have already exhibited various biological effects, including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, etc. This study was designed to evaluate different flavonoids from medicinal plants as potential inhibitors against the spike protein (Sp) and main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 using various computational approaches such as molecular docking, molecular dynamics. The binding affinity and inhibitory effects of all studied flavonoids were discussed and compared with some antiviral drugs that are currently being used in COVID-19 treatment namely favipiravir, lopinavir, and hydroxychloroquine, respectively. Among all studies flavonoids and proposed antiviral drugs, luteolin and mundulinol exhibited the highest binding affinity toward Mpro and Sp. Drug-likeness and ADMET studies revealed that the chosen flavonoids are safe and non-toxic. One hundred ns-MD simulations were implemented for luteolin-Mpro, mundulinol-Mpro, luteolin-Sp, and mundulinol-Sp complexes and the results revealed strong stability of these flavonoid-protein complexes. Furthermore, MM/PBSA confirms the stability of luteolin and mundulinol interactions within the active sites of this protein. In conclusion, our findings reveal that the promising activity of luteolin and mundulinol as inhibitors against COVID-19 via inhibiting the spike protein and major protease of SARS CoV-2, and we urge further research to achieve the clinical significance of our proposed molecular-based efficacy.

- by Md. Jamal Hossain
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- Flavanoids, Molecular docking, In silico ADMET, Coronavirus COVID-19

The purpose of this study was to developed and analyzes Antioxidant rich fruit beverages to determine antioxidant concentrations. It may provide protection differently against oxidative stress because they are different in antioxidant capacity.Fruits are used commonly in form of fleshy or pulpy, juice. Fruit juices and beverages are most effective against disease related to such as reduced levels of oxidative stress, obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, diabetes, osteoporosis, arthritis, some forms of cancer and even biological aging, chronic inflammation, Cardiovascular diseases. Antioxidant analysis such as Total Phenol, Flavanoids, Total antioxidant capacity,Vit C, Anthocyanins content in Pomegranate, strawberry, Red grapes, orange, Dried Green Tea. Fruit beverages were prepared at different ratio. Its’ content of antioxidants shows highly significant different with each other.
Keywords: Antioxidant, Fruit beverages, Fruit juice, Total phenol, Flavanoid

- by SciDoc Publishers
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- Flavanoids, Antioxidants, Fruits, Home Science

Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. belonging to the family Sterculiaceae and commonly called Pigeon wood or Bastard cedar, in Telugu known as Bhadraksh or Rudraksha. It is Native to Tropical America and widely distributed in tropical America from Mexico to northern part of Argentina & the middle part of Brazil. The bark and leaves have been traditionally used antibacterial, antidysenteric, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, astringent, depurative, diaphoretic, emollient, febrifuge, hepatoprotective, pectoral, refrigerant, stomachic, styptic and sudorific. Phytochemically plant contains fatty acids, steroids, flavanoids, tannins, glycosides, carbohydrates, mucilage. Preclinical study on plant performed till date Anti-diabetic action, Anti-Hypertensive, Anti-microbial action, Anti-Oxidant, Antiulcer Action, Hair growth promoter, Weight loss agent.

- by Sukesh Sinha
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- Pharmacology, Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry

Introduction:Flavonoids have a variety of functions, such as antioxidant activity, and are expected to have a disease prevention effect. In order to verify the disease risk reduction effect of flavonoids, we carried out a crossover trial in seven adult men of normal orlight overweight who ingested flavonoid-rich meals, with a diverse combination of basic foodstuffs, and low-flavonoid meals and compared blood disease-related inflammatory markers.
Methods: On the first two days of the study, seven male volunteers were provided with low-flavonoid meals (flavonoid content below the detection limit of HPLC: less than 0.24 mg/meal) three times a day as a washout. For the next seven days, they were fed flavonoid-rich meals (46.9 ± 8.1 mg/meal) or low-flavonoid meals. Blood samples were collected from all the volunteers before breakfast on the third day, after the washout and before breakfast on the tenth day. The test was consisted of one cycle from the first day tothe tenth day, and the participants carried out two cycles. Flavonoid concentrations in plasma and gene expression of inflammatory cytokine (interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, interleukin 18, and tumor necrosis factor-α) in whole blood cells were comparedbefore and after the intervention. Gene expression in whole blood cells was measured using real time RT-PCR.
Results: We found a significant increase in plasma flavonoid concentration (quercetin, kaempferol, daidzein,and genistein) upon intervention with flavonoid-rich meals (p < 0.05). In addition, the inflammatory cytokine gene expression was reduced in the subjects with a body mass index of more than, but not less than, 25kg/m2compared with that observed after the intake of low-flavonoid meals.
Conclusion: These results suggest that flavonoid-rich meals have an anti-inflammatory effect in obese persons who are likely to have chronic inflammation.
Keywords:Flavonoids, inflammatory cytokines, flavonoid-rich meal, human study

- by Food Science Publisher
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- Cytokines, Flavonoids, Flavanoids, Functional Foods

This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of flavonoids extracted from two Libyan brown algae namely Cystoseira compressa and Padina pavo-nica using microwave-assisted extraction method against pathogenic bacteria isolated from meat, meat products, milk and dairy products (Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus (5 isolates), Bacillus cereus (3 isolates), Bacillus pumilus (1 isolate), Salmonella enterica subsp. enteric (4 isolates) and Enterohaemor-rhagic Escherichia coli O157 (EHEC O157) (4 isolates)). All of these isolates were muti-drug resistant with high MAR index. The results showed that C. compressa extract exhibited better and stronger antibacterial activities against the seventeen tested isolates with inhibition zones diameter ranged from 14-22 mm compared to P. pavonica extract which showed positive effect against 9 isolates with low inhibition zone ranged from 11-16.5 mm. Flavonoids extracted from C. compressa also displayed the best spectrum of bactericidal effect with a ratio MBC/MIC ≤ 4 obtained on all susceptible tested bacterial strains. Flavonoids and proanthocyanidins significantly contributed to the an-tibacterial properties. The mode of action of these active extracts is under investigation .

- by S M Azwai
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- Food Microbiology, Flavanoids, Marine Algae, Libyan Studies
- by George Grant
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- Nutrition and Dietetics, Flavanoids, Animals, Absorption

Colocasia esculenta Schott belongs to the family Aracea and is grown for its edible corms as a staple food throughout subtropical and tropical regions of the world Colocasia esculent (family: Araceae), In India, it is known as "arbi" or "arvi". In Indonesia, it is called talas or keladi .is widely grown throughout India. Stem of this plant are used as vegetable in Indian traditional food system from many decades. Besides stems, other parts of the plant, such as leaves and roots, have also been used in the traditional system of medicine. The leaves of the plant are reported to possess huge vitamin C content and the root is rich in starch and essential nutrient such as thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, oxalic acid. This plant was also used to reduce fever and pain. Furthermore, Manisha et al.(2010) claimed that the leaf of C . esculenta exhibits neuropharmacological activity. Tarro or dasheen corms provide healthy amounts of some important minerals like zinc, magnesium, copper, iron, and manganese. In addition, the root has very good amounts of potassium. Potassium is an important component of cell and body fluids that help regulate heart rate and blood pressure. The leaves are used as vegetable and as a ingredients of soup, Curry, stew or eaten fried as a side dish for rice. The present review describes morphological and pharmacological aspects of Colocasia esculenta. KEY WORDS: Colocasia esculenta, Pharmacology, Aracea, Flavanoids

- by Dr Nirmala Halligudi
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- Pharmacology, Biology, Flavanoids, Key words

This work demonstrated the optimization and scale up of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) of bioactive compounds from Orthosiphon stamineus using energy-based parameters such as absorbed power density and absorbed energy density (APD-AED) and response surface methodology (RSM). The intensive optimum conditions of MAE obtained at 80% EtOH, 50 mL/g, APD of 0.35 W/mL, AED of 250 J/mL can be used to determine the optimum conditions of the scale-dependent parameters i.e. microwave power and treatment time at various extraction scales (100–300 mL solvent loading). The yields of the up scaled conditions were consistent with less than 8% discrepancy and they were about 91–98% of the Soxhlet extraction yield. By adapting APD-AED method in the case of UAE, the intensive optimum conditions of the extraction, i.e. 70% EtOH, 30 mL/g, APD of 0.22 W/mL, AED of 450 J/mL are able to achieve similar scale up results.

- by Kow Kien Woh
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- Flavanoids, Microwave-assisted extraction, Ultrasonic Assisted Process
- by Süt Hakkında Herşey
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- Biochemistry, Food Science, Dairy Science, Food Science and Technology