Floriculture Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

ABSTRACT Floriculture is commercial production, marketing and retail sale of cut flowers and potted plants as well as home gardening and flower arrangement. Arunachal Pradesh has started to promote floriculture, especially orchids for export oriented cut-flower industries. The diverse agro-climatic condition provides an ideal opportunity for growth of agro-based industries. Floriculture is one of such industry having great potential in the state. In this paper an attempt has been made to analyze the problems and prospects of floriculture in Arunachal Pradesh with a focus on orchids. A comprehensive survey and interview was conducted for the existing orchid research and development centers to derive suitable conclusions. The study reveals about 550 species of orchids in the state, out of which about 100 species are ornamental belonging to genera Aerides, Ascocentrum

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- Diversity, Arunachal Pradesh, Orchids, Floriculture

Nineteen gladiolus germplasms were characterized and evaluated in the Research Field of the Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, during November 2017 to May 2018 for identifying suitable line(s) to release as a variety for commercial cultivation. The accession G 8 produced the highest number of shoots (3.3) and effective shoots (3.0) per hill. The accessions that produced flower stalk within 75 days of planting included BARI gladiolus-3 (G 1 , 58.7 days), G 2 (62.3 days), G 3 (65.7 days), BARI gladiolus-5 (G 4 , 61.3 days), G 5 (55.7 days), BARI gladiolus-6 (G 7 , 71.3 days), G 10 (74.0 days), G 14 (73.3 days), G 15 (75.0 days) and G 19 (67.3 days). The highest rachis length was recorded in BARI gladiolus-3 (53.7 cm) which was statistically similar with the rachis length of G 6 (46.0 cm), G 10 (46.3 cm), G 11 (47.0 cm) and BARI gladiolus-1 (G 12 , 46.3 cm) but significantly differed with other accessions. Most of the accessions in general, produced more than 10 florets per spike. Vase life of the accessions varied and G 11 had the highest vase life of 9-11 days and this was close to 9-10 days in G 9 and 8-9 days in BARI gladiolus-3 (G 1), G 8 , G 10 , G 17 , G 18 and G 19. The highest number of corm per hill was recorded in G 8 (10.3) followed by G 5 (8.7), G 16 (8.3), G 17 (7.7) and BARI gladiolus-3 (6.7). Number of cormels per hill ranged from 9.0-941.7 with an average of 237.0. Based on various plant, flower colour, corm and cormel production characters, the gladiolus accessions G

- by Dr. Md. Azizul Hoque
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- Horticulture, Conservation Biology, Biology, Agriculture

In this study was investigated the effect of manure
and cocoa shell biomass addition on soil chemical
properties and microflora, when the above mentioned
organic materials areused in different proportions in
soil mixtures. For this reason different amounts (0.2,
0.4, and 0.6g) of air dried cocoa beans residue, were
mixed with 50g of soil and 5.0g of manure. The
control mixtures that contained only soil and manure
as well as the mixtures which contained different
amount of cocoa shells, were placed in incubator at
28oC for a period of 21 weeks. The organic matter
and the concentration of nutrient elements in the soil,
manure, cocoa shells biomass and in their mixtures,
were measured before and after the incubation
period. The results showed that the addition of more
than 1% of cocoa shell biomass to soil-manure
mixtures, may influence the mineralization of N, C
and K, and reduce the time needed for mixtures
maturation. The higher organic P content measured
in mixtures contained lower than 1% cocoa shell
biomasswhere the microbial activity was still high.
However the concentration of the available P was not
affected from the addition of cocoa shell biomass to
the soil-manure mixtures.

- by Christos Lykas and +1
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- Sensors and Sensing, Landscape Architecture, Plant Nutrition, Floriculture

Response of Hippeastrum growth and flowering against different planting dates were studied to find out optimum growing period in the garden of Horticulture Department at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur. Different planting dates, viz. July, August, September, October and November were used in the experiment. It was observed that August planting was mostly suitable for profuse growth and flowering. First leaf emergence, number of leaves, plant height, number of bulblets, length of floral scape, flowers per scape, diameter of flower and percent of flowering, all this selected growth and flower characters except flower scape emergence and days to flower bud appearance showed best results with August planting which was closely followed by the result found with July planting. Late planting that means November planting did not come out with satisfactory results.

- by Nasreen Sultana and +2
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- Physiology, Horticulture, Plant Ecology, Floriculture

This is an empirical research with an overall objective of studying the sustainability of green supply chain systems in the floriculture industry in Kenya. The floriculture industry is a crucial sector in the country since it is a key export contributing a significant percentage of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and creates employment for tens of thousands of workers. There have, however, been pressing concerns in the country about the non-sustainability of green supply chain systems in the industry. This study focused on local environmental regulations as one of the study variables and employed survey design where a total of 127 flower farms were sampled; 14 during the pilot study and 113 during the main research. The data collection was done with the aid of questionnaires, observation guides and interviews. The resultant data was analyzed to test the hypotheses. The study, ultimately, came up with recommendations based on the research findings to solve the research problem.

- by Dr. Jonah Kangogo
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- Business, Floriculture, Sustainability

In order to quantify the shelf-life response of cut roses when stored in aqueous ozone solutions, cut ‘Pascha’ roses were stored in either de-ionised water or aqueous ozone solutions containing an initial dissolved ozone residual of 5.5 mg l–1. The results showed that storing cut roses in aqueous ozone solutions (5.5 mg l–1; renewed daily) can extend vase- life approx. three-fold, from 5 d to 13 d, with a corresponding improvement in their aesthetic appearance throughout the vase-life of the cut rose stem. Results suggest that vase-life improvements are achieved through a reduction in bacterial populations present in the storage solution. Bacteria accumulate on the cut surface of the stems, thereby reducing their water uptake capacity. Microbial accumulation was reduced by 1.15 log10 CFU g–1 FW when stems were stored in holding solutions containing 5.5 mg l–1 dissolved ozone, with a corresponding increase in water uptake. Roses stored in ozonated water exhibited higher numbers of functional xylem vessels, water uptake, relative water content, relative fresh weight, acid fuchsin uptake rate, leaf stomatal conductance, and net CO2 assimilation rate, compared to those stored in de-ionised water. The results suggest that ozone can extend cut rose vase-life.

- by Thomas Graham
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- Floriculture, SHELF LIFE

Der Beitrag gibt einen historischen Überblick über die unterschiedlichen Möglichkeiten, die Flüchtigkeit von Tanzbewegung mit der Transitorik von Blumen zu verschränken. So wird im Bühnentanz das Auf- und Verblühen von Blumen verkörpert, etwa im Romantischen Ballett (»Théa, ou La Fée aux Fleurs«, 1847) oder in diversen Blumenchoreographien des Ausdruckstanzes. Umgekehrt erfahren Blumen trotz ihrer Sessilität eine kulturelle Zuschreibung von Tanzbewegungen, etwa bei William Wordsworth (»I wandered lonely as a cloud«, 1807) oder Hans Christian Andersen (»Die Blumen der kleinen Ida«, 1835), und fast immer wird auch hier die besondere Vergänglichkeit von Blumen mithilfe der Metapher des flüchtigen Tanzes reflektiert.

- by Alexander H Schwan
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- Cultural Studies, Performing Arts, Theatre Studies, Dance Studies

Blumen sind mehr als Blumen: Sie kodieren historisch und kulturell bedingte Nachrichten, die entziffert und gelesen werden können. Was zeichnet eine solche Kommunikation durch die Blume aus?
Der Band erkundet erstmals das Feld der kulturwissenschaftlich informierten Pflanzenkunde und fragt nach den Medien floraler Kommunikation. Die Beiträge aus Kunst-, Tanz- und Literaturwissenschaft, Medientheorie und Biologie untersuchen die kodierten Botschaften, die mit Blumen versendet werden, und fragen nach der Vermittlungsposition, die die Blume als hybrides Natur-Kultur-Objekt zwischen unterschiedlichen Wissensbereichen einnimmt. In drei Sektionen – Dissemination, Animation und Zirkulation – wird aufgezeigt, inwiefern das jeweilige Verständnis einer Blumenkommunikation durch die eingesetzten Medien bestimmt wird und welche Konsequenzen dies für die Konzeption des Vegetabilen nach sich zieht.

- by Alexander H Schwan and +2
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- Cultural Studies, Comparative Literature, Queer Studies, Philosophy
- by Shafia Javeed
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- Floriculture, Floriculture and Landscape Gardening
- by Rocky Thokchom
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- Mathematics, Floriculture, Biofertilizers, Ornamental Horticulture

The experiment on effect of storage period and GA3 soaking of tuberose bulbs on growth, flowering, flower yield and quality was conducted at Junagadh Agriculture University, Junagadh during 2010-11. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications and four treatment combinations of storage comprising : S0 - Fresh uplifted, S1 - One month storage (uplifted during 2nd week of January, 2010), S2 - Two months storage (uplifted during 2nd week of December, 2009), and S3 - Three months storage (uplifted during 2nd week of November, 2009). These tuberose bulbs were planted in 3rd week of February, 2010 with four GA3 soaking treatments for 12 hours viz. G0 - Control (soaking in distilled water), G1 - 100 mg/l, G2 - 200 mg/l and G3 - 300 mg/l. The bulbs soaked with different concentration of GA3 were kept in shade for half an hour before planting. The results revealed that one month storage period after uplift of bulbs and GA3 200 ppm soaking before planting treatments significantly improved growth parameters (days to sprouting, sprouting percentage and plant height), and floral characters (days to spike emergence, days to first spike harvested and length of spike, number of florets per spike and diameter of floret) over a control treatment.

- by HortFlora Research Spectrum
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- Horticulture, Floriculture, Plant propagation

The study was conducted on performance of 30 genotypes of marigold under semi-arid climatic conditions of Haryana. Experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD)
with three replications, at Research Farm of Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana
Agricultural University, Hisar during two winter season of 2011-12 and 2012-13. All the
genotypes showed significant variations for growth, flowering and yield parameters. The
genotype Hisar Jaffri-2 exhibited best performance in terms plant spread (77.72 cm), numbers of secondary branches per plant (150.97), number of buds per plant (217.10), duration of
flowering (76.53 days) and flower yield per plot (20.99 kg). The genotype MGH-148-3-3 recorded maximum stem diameter (2.14 cm) and dry weight of plant (130.72 g), whereas it
was minimum (0.61 cm and 9.91 g, respectively) in Hisar Beauty. Maximum diameter of flower (8.21cm) was recorded in MGH-09-276, while it was minimum (4.01 cm) in Hisar Jaffri-2. The maximum dry weight of flower (2.04 g) was recorded in MGH-09-271.

- by Dr Mahesh Choudhary
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- Floriculture

Present study was conducted to study the differences in flowering behavior of twenty different ornamental winter annuals, mostly used for landscaping purpose under different agro-climatic conditions, in the Terai region of West Bengal, India under open field and protected condition. Flowering parameters such as Days required for flower bud initiation (FBI), Days required for flower bud development (FBD), Days required for blooming, Days required for wilting of flower were recorded in each plot and their average was calculated. Calendula officinalis showed earliness in FBI (23.25 DAT), FBD (32.88 DAT), blooming (35.50 DAT) and wilting (43.00 DAT) under open condition and the late flowering was found in Antirrhinum majus (74.67 DAT), whereas, the delayed wilting was observed in Helichrysum bracteatum (94.30 DAT) both under protected condition. Iberis umbellata required minimum time period (6.17 days) to reach flower bud development from flower bud initiation stage. The shortest period for wilting of flowers was recorded in Eschscholtzia californica (2.00 days) under protected condition, while, Helichrysum bracteatum required the maximum time period (21. 84 days) from blooming to wilting.

- by Rocky Thokchom
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- Biodiversity, Floriculture, Floriculture and Landscape Gardening

The study was undertaken with a view to establish a protocol for in vitro plant regeneration from shoot tip explants of banana. Different concentrations of BAP (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 and 7.0 mg/l) and IBA (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 mg/l) was used in MS medium to assess the influence on in vitro shoot regeneration and subsequent root formation of Amritasagar and Sabri banana cultivars. Maximum single shoot formation (50.0% and 30.0%), number of single shoot (3.50 and 2.00 in), longest shoot (2.64 cm and 2.16 cm) were found from 0.5 mg/l BAP while maximum number of roots (3.83 and 2.50) and longest root (3.60 cm and 3.10 cm) was found from 0.3 mg/l IBA in Amritasagar and Sabri respectively. The survival of the plantlets of both cultivars was more than 82% under ex vitro condition. 0.5 mg/l BAP and 0.3 mg/l IBA can be used with MS media for shoot and root formation of Amritasagar and Sabri banana cultivars through shoot tip culture.

- by H. Mehraj
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- Plant Tissue Culture, Floriculture, Plant Growth Regulators, In vitro culture
- by Peter D A Boyd
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- Cultural History, Horticulture, Cultural Heritage, Environmental History
- by Pavan Kumar P
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- Floriculture
- by Simbarashe Muzemu
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- Mathematics, Horticulture, Quality, Plant Physiology (Biology)

Roses from different continents travel long distances to reach the international flower market in Holland and result in them reaching the market while they have aged thus reducing vase life and quality which are vital for consumer satisfaction. An experiment was carried out to assess the effects of five different pulse solutions (distilled water, aluminium sulphate + HTH + V90, aluminium sulphate + pentakill + V90, 3% sucrose solution + aluminium sulphate + V90, and water acidified with citric acid to a hydrogen potential of 4.2) on preserving the vase life of three rose (Rosa hybrid L.) varieties (Amore, Escimo and Calibra). The experiment was arranged as a 3×5 factorial treatment structure laid out in a completely randomised design (CRD). There was an interaction (p<0.001) between the three rose varieties and the five different pulse solutions. Escimo and Amore recorded the highest vase life days in solution containing 3 % sucrose averaging 19 and 18 days respectively. Calibra ...

- by Tsvakai Mushayabasa
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- Mathematics, Horticulture, Quality, Plant Physiology (Biology)
- by Antonio Pamies Bertrán
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- Ethnobotany, Symbolism, Phraseology, Figurative language
- by Gibji Nimasow
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- Diversity, Arunachal Pradesh, Orchids, Floriculture
- by Bulti Merga
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- Horticulture, Landscape Architecture, Ornament (Archaeology), Floriculture

Edible flowers help us gain pleasure from the way our food is presented by paying attention to details like color, shape, flavor and aroma. Consumed since ancient times, edible flowers are regaining popularity in today’s cuisines. This paper 1) introduces edible flowers consumed in different countries and cultures around the world, 2) reports some medicinal and nutritional properties, and 3) lists issues related to its market and possible solutions. By learning and sharing the knowledge about edible flowers, we are able to revive the traditional knowledge accumulated by our ancestors that may prove valuable from medicinal and nutritional aspects. Development of edible flower market will rely on reviewing the legislation and standard of production that must differ from ornamental flowers. This is to ensure the health and safety concerns of customers. If specific measures are taken by all stakeholders to educate, convince and comfort consumers, edible flower market has the potential to grow as a new commodity in local markets around the world.

—Surface sterilization is the most important step in explant preparation for micropropagation as it controls the fungal and bacterial contamination from field sources. The newly emerging hairy leaf explants of Gerbera jamesonii cv. Rosalin were collected, washed repeatedly using Tween–20 in fresh running water and then treated with 12 different combinations of Sodium hypochlorite (1.5%), Mercuric chloride (0.1%) and ethyl alcohol (70%) with varying exposure durations. Surface sterilized explants were then inoculated in MS medium supplemented with various concentrations and combinations of 2,4-D and BAP. Lowest rate of contamination (13.44 %) was observed when the explants were treated in Mercuric chloride (0.1%) for 2 minutes + ethyl alcohol (70%) for 30 seconds. Lowest rate of explant mortality (16.56 %) was observed when the explants were treated with Sodium hypochlorite (1.5%) for 10 minutes but the contamination rate was found maximum (45.56 %) in this treatment. However, highest rate of explant survivability (64.89 %) was observed when the explants were treated with Mercuric chloride (0.1%) for 1 minute + ethyl alcohol (70%) for 30 seconds. The results indicated that for surface sterilization of gerbera leaf explants, Mercuric chloride (1-2 minutes) + 70 % ethyl alcohol (30 seconds) was found optimum for gerbera leaf explant surface sterilization, but as per the health hazard factors Sodium hypochlorite (1.5%) for 15 minutes + ethyl alcohol (70%) for 30 seconds was found optimum and can be recommended for gerbera leaf explant surface sterilization.

- by Rocky Thokchom and +1
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- Horticulture, Plant Tissue Culture, Biodiversity Conservation, Floriculture

The present investigation entitled, “Effect of different combinations of NPK and biofertilizers on loose flower production of China aster (Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees) cv. ‘Kamini’” was carried out at the Research Farm of the Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, (HP) – 173 230 during June 2015 to November 2015 to find a suitable combination of NPK and biofertilizers for maximizing flower yield in China aster. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with 12 treatment combinations replicated thrice. Half dose of N and whole of the P and K were incorporated in soil four days before planting according to the treatment. The remaining half dose of N was given after 35 days of planting. Azotobacter and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) were applied immediately before planting by dipping the roots of the seedlings for 30 minutes in the slurry prepared by dissolving 200 g of single biofertilizer or 100 g of both biofertilizers in one litre water. The observations on various growth and flowering parameters were recorded. Results revealed that maximum plant height (56.67 cm), number of leaves per plant (103.93), flowering branches per plant (8.23), plant spread (32.32 cm), number of flowers per plant (28.58), number of flowers per plot (428.67), duration of flowering (27.20 days), flower yield per plant (73.21 g), flower yield per plot (1098.20 g), shelf life of flowers (6.43 days) at ambient conditions were recorded in plants receiving 75% NPK (22.5:11.25:7.5 g NPK/m2) + Azotobacter + PSB. Plants supplied with 100% NPK (30:15:10 g NPK/m2) + Azotobacter + PSB were noticed with maximum leaf area (15.76 cm2), whereas, largest flower diameter (5.41 cm) and fresh weight of individual flower head (2.70 g) were found in plants receiving 50% NPK (15:7.5:5 g NPK/m2) + Azotobacter + PSB.

- by Maninderpal Singh
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- Plant Nutrition, Floriculture

Corporate flower farms are based along the shores of Kenya’s Lake Naivasha, a Ramsar Convention protected wetland. Kenya suffers from high unemployment and relative poverty and prioritises economic development. Corporate flower farms are polluting the Lake with the use of agrochemicals and depleting its waters to irrigate this thirsty crop. The influx of people seeking work is also affecting the Lake as wastewater pollution is problematic. This paper will consider the issue of trying to determine who is responsible for the harms associated with any industry, and will also discuss existing and prospective methods of regulating corporate flower farms.

- by Caroline K A R E N McGill
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- Business Ethics, Criminology, Development Studies, Globalization

An experiment entitled " Effect of growth regulators on plant growth and flowering in dahlia (Dahlia variabilis) cv. Charmit " was conducted to evaluate the response of dahlia to different growth regulators (Ethephon @ 500, 750 and 1000 ppm, Alar @ 1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm and Maleic hydrazide @ 500, 750, and 1000 ppm). Ten different treatment combinations were replicated thrice in a Randomized Completely Block Design. The investigation revealed that MH 1000 ppm was very effective and recorded minimum plant height, maximum leaf number, stem diameter, primary and secondary branch number. Significant influence of growth regulators was observed on various floral parameters. Flower bud appearance and colour break was delayed while flowering duration shortened. However, flower bud size, flower number, diameter and fresh weight increased. Maximum days to flower bud appearance and colour break, maximum flower diameter, flower fresh weight and minimum peduncle length was observed with ethephon 1000 ppm. Highest flower number was recorded with MH 500 ppm while maximum flower bud diameter with MH 1000 ppm. Among all growth regulators Maleic hydrazide was found more effective followed by Ethephon and Alar in modifying the plant architecture of dahlia.

- by Muneeb Ahmad Wani and +1
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- Horticulture, Agriculture, Floriculture, Plant Growth Regulators
- by Subash Dahal
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- Floriculture
- by Monanjali Bandyopadhyay
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- Horticulture, Novel, Floriculture, Rabindranath Tagore

Widely regarded as the first gardening book in European history, and currently the only translation available in English, this book was written in the ninth century by Walafrid Strabo, Abbot of the Carolingian monastery at Reichenau Island. It tells us what our medieval gardener is growing in his garden, explains the benefits and medicinal properties of the plants, and gives an idea of how they are to be looked after. James Mitchell introduces and translates this classic from the original Latin hexameters, and S.F. Bay Area gardening columnist Richard Schwarzenberger provides a foreword.

- by James Mitchell
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- Early Medieval History, Early Middle Ages (History), Garden History, Gardening

Society of Krishi Vigyan is regularly publishing its Journal of Krishi Vigyan having a NAAS rating of 4.41 w.e.f. 1/1/2017 and there is a gradual increase in the number of papers published in each issue . May I request our colleagues to... more

- by Manoj Sharma
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- Agricultural Engineering, Horticulture, Sustainable agriculture, Fisheries

Floral Survey of Ferns in Nadia District of West Bengal, India

- by Dr. Kalyan Chakraborti
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- Horticulture, Pteridology, Floriculture, Ferns and Fern Allies

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- by HortFlora Res. Spectrum and +1
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- Horticulture, Plant biotechnology, Vegetable Science, Floriculture
- by poonam karrow
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- Floriculture, Carnation, Protected Conditions, New Cultivars

Sustainable agriculture has become a burning issue due to “energy crisis” and
“environmental protection”. One aspect of sustainable agriculture is Integrated Nutrient
Management (INM). Many regions in India like Kashmir, Himachal and other hilly
regions have huge potential for quality flower production. Since floriculture is energy and
cost intensive type of farming, the input cost of fertilisers is very high, which can be
avoided by going for alternative methods like INM. There is scant information available
concerning the use of organic fertilizer as the sole source of nutrients in flower production,
especially in the cultivation of flowers has made its applicability more difficult. INM is a
practice that is being rapidly adopted by growers, combines the use of adjusted nutrient
rates, more efficient fertilizer sources, organic matter and soil inoculation. INM holds great
promise in exhibiting the growing nutrient demands of intensive farming like Floriculture
and maintaining productivity at its optimum with holistic improvement in the quality of
resource base, which is very much important in-case of cut and bulbous flowers.
Investigations by many researchers have revealed the beneficial influence of INM, on
vegetative (plant height, leaf area, leaf number), floral (first bud appearance, floral
diameter, weight of flower) and yield attributes (seed weight, seed production) of many
flower crops, reduced the cost of fertilizer inputs and increased the B/C ratio, despite
maintaining a good soil physico-chemical environment. It can be concluded that by
reducing the levels of chemical fertilizer and optimizing the dose of different organic
fertilizer can improve yield and quality in ornamental crops without adversely affecting the
edaphic and environmental features. Therefore this discourse will mainly discuss on the
integrative approaches on production and management of many flower crops,
commercially grown in India and Kashmir valley.

- by Muneeb Ahmad Wani
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- Soil Science, Horticulture, Nutrition, Floriculture
- by Muneeb Ahmad Wani
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- Microbiology, Horticulture, Agriculture, Floriculture
- by Ching Bi
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- Floriculture
- by Mohammed Wasim Siddiqui
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- Physiology, Horticulture, Food Engineering, Packaging
- by an cam
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- Floristics, Floriculture, Floral diversity, Floriculture and Landscape Gardening

Tuberose occupies a very selective and special position among the ornamental bulbous plants for its beauty, elegance and sweet pleasant fragrance. It is also gaining priority in the loose flower trade. For prolonging the shelf life, tuberose florets (in bud) were harvested from cv. Prajwal, Arka Niranthara and Mexican Single and the shelf life of the harvested buds was studied with Boric Acid (2%, 3% and 4%) and citric acid (150, 300 and 450 ppm). The treated buds were kept in polypropylene (PP) bags with or without vent (0.2%) at 40C. It was found out that in cv. Arka Niranthara had maximum number of open flowers (45.33 %) after five days of treatment in citric acid at 450 ppm with the vented polypropylene bags. The fresh weight loss of the same variety was minimum (14.628 %) in the vented PP bags with 2% boric acid. In cultivar Mexican Single, 150 ppm citric acid and 2% boric acid were at par for shelf life of flowers opening (11.56 and 11.5 days, respectively) in non vented PP bags. The cultivar Prajwal also produced maximum percentage (30.67 %) of bud open after 5 days in 450 ppm citric acid i.e. with vented polypropylene bags. The maximum CO2 rate (129.04 ml CO2/kg/l) with zero bud rotting was also observed in cv. Prajwal in the treatment of 450 ppm citric acid with vented polypropylene bag.

- by HortFlora Research Spectrum
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- Horticulture, Floriculture, Postharvest Horticulture, Floristry

PURPOSE The main purpose of this survey is to know the opinion of traders of West Bengal on the issues related to Floriculture Information System. To understand the marketing system of flowers in the district of Purba Medinipur in West Bengal, the survey is conducted at Kolaghat Flower Market. METHODOLOGY In order to investigate the purpose of the study, a survey was conducted to know the ground reality of flower traders of the Purba Medinipur district in West Bengal. Data was collected by means of interview and live recording. FINDINGS Findings are drawn based on analysis of gathered data in the survey. The data related to the marketing pattern of flower traders, information flow in the flower market, day to day business strategy of flower traders, exploiting role of intermediaries, poor infrastructural condition of flower market are collected and presented in this paper. VALUE This paper tries to present the current scenario of flower markets in West Bengal which is helpful to develop Floriculture Information System in West Bengal.

- by Bela Mondal
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- Information Systems, Library and Information Science, Floriculture, West Bengal

In the recent days Sub-Saharan African counties look at floriculture as a viable alternative to boost their foreign earnings through export of cut flowers. However, while the sector is second largest contributor to foreign earnings for Kenya, Tanzania is yet to fully exploit the potential for both production and export of cut flowers. This paper was set with an aim to make comparative assessment of performance of floriculture industries in Kenya and Tanzania. The study relied mainly on secondary data obtained from International Trade Centre (ITC) database, published previous survey reports and several national policies and strategies. The findings revealed that Kenya was performing better than Tanzania in terms of quantity of cut flowers exported to different destinations in the World and in-terms of value of earnings from export of those flowers. It was observed that while the floriculture sector for both countries had been growing in the past nine years, Kenya’s performance was far beyond Tanzania’s. Among the major hurdles to the growth of Tanzania’s floriculture industry included lack of efficient air transportation, absence of a National Horticulture Policy in place, unorganized farming systems without clusters and foreigners domination of the sector. The paper recommended for a number of measures to improve performance of floriculture industry in Tanzania including need to: (a) formulate national horticulture policy to guide expansion of the sector (b)engage in strategic negotiations with big cargo Airline Companies so that they can frequently land at Kilimanjaro International Airport for easy transportation of cut flowers to the different destinations in the world and (c) launch coordinated efforts by experts from the Tanzania’s ministries of agriculture, trade, transportation and finance to draw lessons from Kenya on how to grow floriculture in the country.

- by Asian Business Review
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- Performance, Kenya, Tanzania, Floriculture

This study was conducted in Yapo-Abbe forest in South-Eastern Côte d'Ivoire. It aims to assess the diversity of timber species, listed on the IUCN Red List (2018). The surface survey method was used for the inventory and identification of these species in the three blocks of the forest. The results show that Yapo-Abbe forest is rich in 22 species of timber listed on the IUCN Red List (2018). These 22 species are divided into fifteen vulnerable species (68.2%), five species of low concern (22.8%), a near-threatened species (4.5%) and another species at risk of extinction (4.5%).). The frequency of occurrence of species has resulted in three groups of species; group 1 (constant species) has one species, group 2 (accessory species) consists of six species. As for group 3 (rare species), it’s composed of fifteen species. The three biotopes of Yapo-Abbe forest are poorly diversified, hence the need to enrich them with the group 3 species, especially forest plantation and fallow blocks for sustainable management of this massif.

- by HortFlora Res. Spectrum
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- Horticulture, Floristics, Floriculture, Perfumery

Anthurium (Anthurium andreanum Lind.), one of the most valued ornamentals is propagated conventionally through
vegetative means which is very slow and need attention to develop elite, genuine, true-to-type quality planting materials at
a faster rate. The present study attempts the micropropagation of Anthurium through callus culture followed by
organogenesis and rhizogenesis in vitro including subsequent acclimatization using leaf, petiole and inflorescence explants
at Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India during 2013-16. Results revealed that
immature coppery leaf lamina of Anthurium were highly responsive towards callus production than that of petiole and
inflorescence explants. Culture of leaf explants in MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (2.0 mg/l) and TDZ (0.1 mg/l)
showed better response in respect of earliness in callusing (52.28 days), percentage of callusing explants [78.67%
(62.50%)] and weight of produced calli at 15 (0.404 g) and 30 days (2.944 g) after culture. Young growing calli when
cultured in MS medium containing Kinetin (3.0 mg/l) + BAP (1.0 mg/l) developed in vitro regeneration in greater
percentage of explants [98.07% (83.67%)] with higher number of micro shoots (17.27) per culture. Earlier regeneration
(26.93 days) was observed with MS culture medium having Kinetin (2.0 mg/l) and BAP (1.0 mg/l). Length of microshoot
(9.00 cm) and leaf production (20.67) were found higher with the culture medium MS + BAP (1.0 mg/l) whereas, higher
leaf length (2.07 cm) with greater width (1.52 cm) was obtained from the culture media MS + Kin (2.0 mg/l) + BAP (1.0
mg/l). In vitro regenerated microshoots when cultured in rooting medium containing MS + IBA (1.0 mg/l) + NAA (1.0
mg/l) initiated earlier (32.98 days) in vitro rooting in cent percent of microshoots with higher number of roots per shoot
(7.36) having greater length (5.29 cm) and diameter (1.225 mm). Coconut husk was found as the effective hardening media
showing earlier acclimatization (11.77 days) with greater survivability [92.75% (74.89%)].

- by Rocky Thokchom
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- Plant Tissue Culture, Biodiversity Conservation, Orchids, Floriculture
- by HortFlora Research Spectrum
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- Horticulture, Floriculture