Glass Beads Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

The countries covered in this section include: Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Kalimantan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar (Burma), Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. See also the two specialized theme bibliographies and the... more

- by Karlis Karklins
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- Beads, Glass Beads, Ancient Glass Beads, Stone beads
- by Rachele Scuro
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- Glass Beads, History of Venice, Venetian Glass, Venetian glassware

This study examines bead assemblages from Basque sites north of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and from Native burials south of the Gulf in French Acadia, with a view to determining which varieties may be
ascribed to these two cultural groups. It also examines sixteenth-century Saint Lawrence Valley bead assemblages in order to discover which types are found here, and to compare them with Basque,Acadian, and Great Lakes assemblages in order to learn whether European materials followed the valley in the sixteenth century.The explicit aims of this paper are 1) to extend and refine the sixteenth-century bead typology around the Gulf and in the Saint Lawrence lowlands, 2) to understand the respective roles of the Basques and the French in trade with Natives, and 3) to draw conclusions regarding possible trade routes to the lower Great Lakes during this period.

- by Vincent Delmas
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- Historical Archaeology, Basque Studies, Québec History, Basque History

The study of gold-glass beads was given a considerable boost in the 1970s by Weinberg's report on their manufacture in Hellenistic Rhodes and by Alekseeva's and Boon's studies on finds from southern Russia and Britain, respectively. Nothing comparable has been published in the intervening years, but scattered new information has appeared. This paper aims to survey and review the available data on manufacturing technique, style, provenience and chronology. An attempt is also made to fit gold-glass beads into the general framework of glass history. The main focus is on the finds of the Mediterranean and related regions in pre-Islamic times. Note is taken of the continuation of the use of gold-glass beads in Medieval Europe. Conclusions drawn are usually only tentative— if not hypothetical—as sufficiently well-documented source material is scarce.

- by Karlis Karklins
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- Middle Eastern Archaeology, Glass Beads, Ancient Glass Beads, Ancient beads
- by Abidemi Babatunde Babalola and +1
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- Ancient Glass, Sub-Saharan Africa, Glass Beads

This section covers all the countries of South and Central America, including Mexico, and all the Caribbean islands. For lack of a better place, Bermuda has been included herein as well. See also the two specialized theme bibliographies... more

- by Karlis Karklins
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- Beads, Glass Beads, Stone beads, Worked bone beads

A funerary compound was excavated in the Negev Highlands in southern Israel in 2021 in a site remote from any settlement and situated at the crossroad of two important trails leading through the central Negev Highlands.
The excavations revealed the remains of over 50 individuals, interred in a tomb of a type found in southern Arabia together with several alabaster objects related to preparation and burning of incense on incense burners made from clay, basalt and limestone. Other objects discovered in the burials include scarabs, amulets, bronze and silver jewelry, a variety of beads including glass and carnelian beads and bone rings, shells and a bronze "spectacle" fibula produced in southern Europe. Preliminary analysis of the remains and associated finds point to the burial of women.
The small number of ceramic vessels that were uncovered suggests a date of the mid-first millennium BCE.

- by Tali Erickson-Gini and +1
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- Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Faience, Glass Beads, Ancient Jewelry
- by Timothy Insoll
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- Islamic Archaeology, Archaeometry, African Archaeology, Glass Beads
- by Susan Keech McIntosh and +2
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- Ancient Glass, Glass Beads, West African Archaeology, African Archaeology and History

This section covers the continental United States and Canada. For references published prior to 1985, see the two bibliographies prepared by Karklins and Sprague, q.v. See also the two specialized theme bibliographies and the... more

- by James Tsoi
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- Materials Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Titanium
- by Doris Möncke
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- Interdisciplinarity, Raman and IR microscopy, Mycenaean, Raman

Flexural strength also known as the bending strength which plays a vital role in the industries where the heavy load application is implemented. The study reports show that shotpeening technique considerably improves the mechanical properties of a material such as hardness, fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, flexural (or) bending strength etc. Here the shot material used for shotpeening is glass beads and the target material is aluminum alloy of grade AA-2024 T3 which is widely used in the automobile and aircraft industries due to its light weight and strength. The experimental results show there is an improvement in the flexural strength of AA2024-T 3 material after shotpeening.

- by IAEME Publication
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- Glass Beads, Flexural Strength, Shot Peening, AA2024-T3

Mount Pleasant Glass: A Legacy Worth Honoring Cassandra Vivian When the average person names the industries of southwestern Pennsylvania, they first name coal, coke and steel. Seldom to they mention boatbuilding or glass. But each has an... more

- by cassandra vivian
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- Glass, Glass Beads, Dry Etching of glass, lENOX
- by Davy Herremans
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- History, Archaeology, Biological Anthropology, Physical Anthropology

Popular scientific introduction to the construction of the beaded sandals of Tutankhamun.

- by Jolanda Bos
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- Egyptian Archaeology, Ancient Egyptian Art and Archaeology, Beads, Glass Beads

This paper complements one which appeared in volume 1 of this journal, as it also deals with beads in the Islamic world. However, the present work takes a somewhat different approach , being based primarily on historical sources. It also has a different geographical orientation, dealing with commerce between the Islamic world and the northern portion of Africa. Concentrating mostly on the period from the 12th to the 20th century, it documents the rise of a new beadmaking center at Hebron, in the West Bank. The name "Kano beads" has recently been assigned to one class of Hebron beads, and their history is an object lesson in the complexities of the bead trade.

- by Karlis Karklins
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- Islamic Studies, Beads, Glass Beads, Hebron

Ukrainian Folk Beaded Adornments
У книжці вперше досліджено походження та розвиток художніх виробів з бісеру на українських теренах. Найбільшу увагу зосереджено на народних прикрасах з бісеру -самобутньому явищі української культури XIX—XX ст., яке поки що, через брак ґрунтовних розвідок, малознане у світі та, на жаль, і в самій Україні. Описано технологію виготовлення та композиційно-художні особливості цих, свого часу надзвичайно популярних, доповнень народної ноші українців.
Призначено для широкого кола читачів.
Зміст :
Сторінками історії
Найдавніші відомості про прикраси зі скла
Скляні оздоби давньоруського часу
Художні вироби з бісеру XIV – XIX століть
Прикраси зі скла та бісеру в українському народному вбранні
Основи технології
Матеріяли
Техніки виконання накладних оздоб
Техніка нанизування
Техніка ткання
Техніка вишивання
Типологія прикрас
Орнаментика творів

- by Olena Fedorchuk | Олена Федорчук
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- History of Art, Folk arts, Tradition, Glass Beads

Surface preparation plays an important role before coating on the substrate. Which increases bond strength, removal of rust, scale, burrs, edge profiling. Different surface modifications among abrasive blasting give effective results. This study evaluates Al2O3, glass granet sand, Al metal grits in terms of particles to the titanium surface. Alumina oxide (Al2O3) grits with various sizes are widely used for surface modifications. Grit-blasting is often used as a stand-alone titanium pre-bond treatment. However, sandblasting with Al2O3 grits also introduces impurities to the surface of the Ti. The present work shows the analysis of an abrasive blasting process using different abrasive particles on Ti6Al4V surfaces. In contrast to the case for aluminum, grit-blasting treatment of titanium is one of the best procedures for obtaining good initial joint strength. Six commercially pure grade 5 (CP5) titanium cylinders were gritblasted using various grits. The surface roughness average (Ra) of all grit-blasted plates was measured. The metallic samples were first characterized by optical microscopy (OM), revealing a α+β microstructure. before and after sandblasting by alumina grit blasting particles. The Al2O3 particles used had a grit particle size between 20µm,24µm, or 36µm with a median particle size (d13) of 600 μm, on the surface. The surface roughness (Ra) was calculated by hardness testing machine and the surface finish was observed before and after sand-blasting. Kinetic energy by a factor of 3.5 is the change in the size of the particles generated a loss upon particle. PVD coatings are widely used nowadays to reduce the wear of the substrate. By this process it was observed, exerting a polishing effect on the surface of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy gives effective results before coating.

- by IJRAME Journal and +1
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- Mechanical Engineering, Surface Roughness, Glass Beads, Sand Blasting Media

The Manětín - Hrádek cemetery has yielded the largest number of Ha D2/3 - LT A graves in Bohemia (223) and therefore it is not surprising that it occupies the first position within Bohemia also in the score of 15 graves with 59 glass beads (from one single cemetery). The collection of monochrome beads as well as eye beads and wavy-line decorated beads may be assessed as typical for its time. Th composition of the collection points to the SE Alpine region.

- by Natalie Venclová
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- Archaeology, Ancient Glass, Iron Age, Glass Beads
- by Adelphine Bonneau
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- Archaeology, Glass Beads, Glass Bead Dating

Ancient glass samples from Greece were studied by a combination of SEM/EDX to determine their chemical composition
and infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy for their glass structure. The archaeological samples consisted of three blue
vitreous Mycenaean relief fragments from the Late Bronze Age. The chemical composition of the samples is consistent
with typical soda–lime–silica glasses, with the possible use of plant ash instead of soda in preparation. The deep blue
colour of the samples is due to tetrahedrally coordinated Co2+ ions. The infrared spectra of the Mycenaean relief fragments
deviate from all other previously measured ancient samples as the spectra resemble those of highly polymerized silica
or highly polymerized low alkaline borosilicate glasses. Only spectra taken on relatively fresh cuts are consistent with
the analyzed soda–lime–silica glass composition. Measurements on cuts on the sides of the fragments show that only a
very thin layer (<1 μm) on the front and back of the samples has a fully polymerized glass network. Strong background
fluorescence hindered Raman spectroscopy in the highly polymerized surface layer. Boron could not be detected by SEM/
EDX (scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy) because of the thinness of the outer layers,
whereas reflectance infrared measurements were not impacted by the bulk glass composition. Possible chemical reaction
mechanisms, conditions and likely boron sources leading to the formation of this outer layer are discussed.

- by Maria Kaparou
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- Interdisciplinarity, Glass (Archaeology), Raman and IR microscopy, Mycenaean
- by George Nicholas
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- Archaeology, Material Culture Studies, Mardi Gras, Glass Beads

The Knowe of Moan lies SE of the Loch of Bosquoy in Harray, Orkney. The site contains two cists. Finds include a cruciform bronze brooch, a bronze spoon, 62 glass and amber beads, 3 bronze pieces, slag, a piece of flint, pounders, scrapers, fire-blackened stone pots, part of a stone sword, the point of a similar weapon, a stone implement, and a bronze mount. The assemblage suggests that the individuals in possession of these goods were very well connected both within the British Isles (Ireland/Western Scotland) and also further abroad (Scandinavia, Middle East). Some of these connections were probably more indirect (e.g. beads of Middle Eastern origin coming to Moan via Scandinavian contacts). Evidence of possible reuse of sites is paralleled across the British Isles, particularly in Orkney, and leads to questions about the significance of the island’s past to the Norse immigrants.

- by Mia Agova
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- Conservation, Tanzania, African Traditional Medicines, Glass Beads

(Red-haired Girl with 31 Glass Beads) [article in Finnish] Vuoden 2015 arkeologisissa kaivaustutkimuksissa Ravattulan Ristimäeltä löytyi kaikkiaan neljä lasihelmistä koottua kaulanauhaa. Artikkelissa esitellään yksi helminauhan sisältänyt... more

- by Juha Ruohonen
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- Archaeology, Church Archaeology, Glass Beads, Kaarina Ravattula Ristimäki

Late 19th- and early 20th-century archaeological sites often contain machine-made drawn glass beads with unique shapes and perforations. Little information exists documenting when these beads were initially manufactured. Through an examination of hundreds of U.S. patents, it appears that the mechanized production of drawn beads could have occurred as early as the late 19th century, but more likely, they were not mass produced until the end of World War I, after the invention of the Danner process for mechanically drawing glass tubing. Machine-made drawn beads with multiple sides and/or shaped perforations also appear to have been produced by the late-19th century, but again, mass production probably did not occur until after the end of World War I.

- by Karlis Karklins
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- Beads, Glass Beads, Glass Beadmaking Techniques

Alison Carter and Nancy Beavan.
A variety of glass beads were encountered in jar burials dating to the 15th-17th centuries found on rock ledges in remote portions of the Cardamom Mountains in southern Cambodia. These burials represent a mortuary ritual in which defieshed bones, often from multiple individuals, were deposited in large ceramic jars predominantly from Thai kilns. Despite the isolated location, the jars and glass beads suggest that the people buried in the jars were active participants in exchange networks. The identification of different compositional types of glass beads can be related to possible trade networks with the lowlands and maritime Southeast Asia. Using ethnographic analogies with other upland communities in Southeast Asia, the authors also propose that the placement of beads in the jar burials may have been an important part of the mortuary ritual of the Cardamom Mountain people.

- by Nancy Beavan and +1
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- Glass Beads, Cambodian Archaeology, Trade Networks

Excavation of the Pointe aux Vieux site, an 18th-century Acadian house located on western Prince Edward Island, Canada, yielded a significant assortment of beads. Among the glass and bone specimens are ten black beads decorated with undulating yellow lines around the middle. Commonly called “rattlesnake” beads by collectors, this stylistic form has been found at many sites in North America as well as elsewhere in the world. Unlike the other beads, however, the ones from Pointe aux Vieux are not glass but formed by melting an igneous rock called “proterobas” to form a totally opaque black glass. The only known source of beads made from this material is the Fichtelgebirge region of northeastern Bavaria. While black ball buttons made of proterobas have been encountered at various sites in the eastern United States and Western Europe, this is the first recorded instance of proterobas beads in North America. It is hoped that this article will lead to more such beads being identified in archaeological collections so that their distribution and temporal range may be determined.

- by Helen Kristmanson and +1
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- Archaeology, Acadian History, Acadian Archaeology, Bavarian History

This article will present four amuletic glass "eye" beads that have been discovered in various excavations at Tel Shiloh. Beads, the world's first form of adornment, come in an astonishingly wide range of decorative and polychromatic materials, including shell, bone, stone, glass, faience, metal, terracotta, and wood. Beads are usually the most common jewelry item found in excavations and are discovered in tombs as well as in occupation levels. Although the stringing materials are rarely preserved, the beads' placement on bones in tombs indicates they were worn on the neck, the upper and lower arms, and the ankles, and were used as hair ornaments and clothing accessories. Besides being used for personal adornment, beads were also used as talismans, status symbols, religious articles, ritual offerings, and a medium of barter.

- by Frankie Snyder and +1
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- Iron Age (Archaeology), Beads, Glass Beads, Glass Beads With Layered Eyes
- by Kinga Tarcsay
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- Archaeometry, Glass (Archaeology), Post-medieval glass, Postmedieval Archaeology

Archive Report for Perth Museum and Galleries

- by Birgitta Hoffmann
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- Glass, Imperial Rome, Iron Age, Scotland

Fedorchuk O.S. Folk glass-beads decorations in the Western Ukraine at XIX to mid-XX cc. (History, technology, typology, artistic features). – MS.
Thesis for getting a scientific degree of Candidate in Art Sciences; speciality 17.00.06 – Decorative and Applied Art. Lviv Academy of Arts. – Lviv, 2004.
The Ukrainian traditional glass-beads decorations of XIX to mid-XX cc. are shown as a bright phenomenon of national art. The origin of glass-beads decorations and general data on technology are considered in the thesis. In details are given basic physical and aesthetic qualities of materials, techniques, means and particular ways in finishing of glass-beads decorations with special attention to the influence of mentioned factors upon the artistic expressiveness of creations. Wide typology of traditional glass-beads decorations in 17 types is introduced in scientific circulation. Light is being thrown upon regional artistic peculiarities of glass-beads creations, developed in varied usage of means and ways of artistic expressiveness, in variances of compositions and graphems.
Key words: Ukraine, tradition, folk art, glass-beads, decoration, glass-bead necklace, plaiting.

- by Olena Fedorchuk | Олена Федорчук
- •
- Folk arts, Ukraine, Glass Beads, Folk Art

The present work was aimed to study the effect of various grinding agents and detergents on the amount and purity of
the extracted DNA from diverse plant samples. Agents supporting grinding process were liquid nitrogen, acid washed
sand and glass beads, along with a number of concentrations of two detergents i.e. SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate)
and CTAB (Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide). Six plants species Croton (Codiaeum variegatum), Tomato
(Lycopersicon esculentum), Orchid (Orchis militaris), Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), Pineapple (Ananas
cosmosus) and Aloe (Aloe vera); were selected for DNA isolation and these plant species differ in their leaf texture as
well as polysaccharides and phenolics content. The results obtained showed the presence of linear relationship between
detergent and yield of the DNA with a little influence on the purity. The type of grinding agent did not significantly
affect the purity of the extracted DNA but the amount of extracted DNA is greatly influenced. The purest DNA samples
of all six plants species were selected and subjected to PCR amplification.

- by IJBB pakistan
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- Orchids, DNA Extraction, Glass Beads, Date Palm

Archive report of 17th century bead for Perth Museum and Galleries

- by Birgitta Hoffmann
- •
- Glass, 17th Century Dutch Republic, Trade, Glass Beads

Ett extremt kortfattat informationsblad om glaspärlors attribut, nyttigt för att beskriva pärlor i arkeologiska rapporter.

- by Moa Råhlander
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- Glass Beads
- by Jeffrey M. Mitchem
- •
- Archaeology, Bioarchaeology, North American (Archaeology), Spanish Florida

Bead artware in the Ukrainian ecclesiastic art of the XIX century.
The ecclesiastic artware of the XIX century manufactured with the use of beads is examined in this reviewing article. It is attempted to explore the typology, technology and artistic-compositional features of the artware.
Key words: beads, decoration, liturgic fabrics, clerical garb, icons, icon cloths.

The purpose of the thesis is to analyse the beads from Bunge church to see how they were used in the church room. Dating the beads has been an important aspect of the study, as well as trying to determine the amount of rosary beads present in the material. This has been possible by comparing them to other known medieval beads, and by using the archaeological context as a source of reference. The material has been categorised by studying the material, colour and shape.

- by Marlene Andersson
- •
- Archaeology, Medieval Church History, Beads, Glass Beads