Gyroscope Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

A Gough-Stewart platform is a type of parallel robot that has six prismatic actuators, commonly hydraulic jacks or electric actuators, attached in pairs to three positions on the platform's baseplate, crossing over to three mounting points on a top plate. Devices placed on the top plate can be moved in the six degrees of freedom in which it is possible for a freely-suspended body to move. These are the three linear movements x, y, z (lateral, longitudinal and vertical), and the three rotations pitch, roll, & yaw.
Mpu 6050 Gyroscope Sensor, Arduino Mega 2560, Processing IDE based on OPENGL and Java Language. The system is designed for stabilizing the mass on top of the system, horizontal stabilization. System operated in 3 axis for stabilization to occur. Gyroscope sensor used to read the current position of platform before the stabilization occurs, system will try to read the upper platform of the robot and try to make adjustment or counter-action for the lower base and 6 legged rod to try make the upper platform horizontally stable. This system is multi usage for condition that require stabilization but in this project is for turret stabilization in a ship for optimizing aiming and firing performance. System using simple inverse control that inverting the position that given by gyroscope that applied in 6 actuator in form of motor servo. User interface is alsa implemented using Processing IDE
Derived from design and testing can be concluded that the device stabilization performance to counterback to the 0 degree ranged from 2 to 10 degree rotation. From the 10 to 30 degree stabilization stabilization performance is dropped up to 50% because of mechanical limitation.
Keywords : Position Sensor, Gyroscope, Stewart Platform, Inverse Control

Sensor devices are an integral part of human movement analysis. The use of sensors in sports performance and injury prevention is extremely useful. Over the years wireless systems have become increasingly popular and the analysis of human movement has been therefore simplified. Inertial measurement units are very popular in physical activity monitoring and have become readily available for consumers. The use of more advanced sensors to measure electrical and mechanical muscle activity tend to be tethered devices, thus data collection on more complex movements is limited. This paper looks at the need for wireless solutions to these sensors and the proposal for a multi-channel sensor which incorporates all the necessary sensors for complete human movement analysis. Wireless systems have the advantage of allowing the participant or athlete to perform the movement in their ecologically valid environment while giving both reliable and accurate results to the practitioner. In terms of human movement, to achieve accurate information about the position, kinematic and external forces of the segments of the body being studied, a single multi-channel sensor device is necessary. The combination of sensors in one device can give accurate information on muscle activity, forces, directionality and acceleration.

- by Róisín Howard
- •
- Sensor, Performance, Semiconductor Devices, Sport

Documentation and Tutorial on the use of the GY-521 Sensor breakout board. The board consists of a gyroscope and an accelerometer. The tutorial illustrates the interfacing of the sensor board with Arduino and LEDs.

- by Chinonso H Egejuru
- •
- MEMS sensor, Gyroscope, Accelerometer
- by Yasser Mongy and +1
- •
- Installation Art, Contemporary Art, Installation (Art), New Media Performance and Installation

In this paper sudden shifts of the poles are proposed as an explanation for the recurrent geological crisis during which volcanic eruptions, orogenesis, climatic changes, sea levels variations, together with mass extinctions occur. Such shifts are usually considered impossible on the assumption that only a planetary impact could change in a significant way the Earth’s momentum. The position of the poles, however, is determined by the equatorial bulges; if they are “reshaped” for some reason, the poles shift without any significant change of the momentum. Due to the enormous extend of its oceans, Earth is an inherently unstable planet, so much so that a kick apparently irrelevant can trigger a process that in a very short period, that is instantaneously in geological time, provokes a reshaping of the equatorial bulge, thus making the poles shift permanently. When this happens all the masses on its surface, atmosphere, oceans and continents, are suddenly subjected to tangential forces, thus triggering a global catastrophe and long lasting effects for what concerns climate, volcanism and circulation cells of the mantle.

- by flavio barbiero
- •
- Earth Sciences, Geology, Glacial geology and climate change, Mass extinctions

—In this paper, we propose an approach to understand the driver behavior using smartphone sensors. The aim for analyzing the sensory data acquired using a smartphone is to design a car-independent system which does not need vehicle mounted sensors measuring turn rates, gas consumption or tire pressure. The sensory data utilized in this paper includes the accelerometer, gyroscope and the magnetometer. Using these sensors we obtain position, speed, acceleration, deceleration and deflection angle sensory information and estimate commuting safety by statistically analyzing driver behavior. In contrast to state of the art, this work uses no external sensors, resulting in a cost efficient, simplistic and user-friendly system.

- by Semiha Makinist
- •
- Driver Behavior, Gyroscope, Accelerometer, Magnetometer

MEMS gyroscopes and accelerometers are designed to measure angular rate of rotation and acceleration forces, respectively. In many applications, a measurement of the angle itself is needed but gyroscopes have a drift error occurred by integrating the angular rate output and accelerometers have errors due to translation forces. In this paper, we present a method of designing a complementary filter to estimate the angle using both an accelerometer and a gyroscope. First, we show that the estimation of the angle using single sensor of a gyroscope or an accelerometer has a lack of accuracy in some experiments. And we propose a design method of the complementary filter using linear least squares to estimate the angle. Experimental results of the proposed method are compared with the cut-off frequency method in a practical rotary inverted pendulum system.

- by Hyung Gi Min
- •
- Control Systems Engineering, Control Systems, Inverted Pendulum, Filter

Abstrak Seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi, kemampuan perangkat-perangkat pintar semakin dikembangkan. Mulai dari digitalisasi antarmuka (Interface), kemampuan pengolahan (Processing), sampai pemberian sensor-sensor pembantu. Salah satu alat vital dalam perangkat-perangkat pintar ini adalah sensor. Sensor berfungsi sebagai pendeteksi perubahan-perubahan lingkungan kemudian diubah menjadi nilai input yang akan diolah. Banyak sekali jenis sensor yang digunakan di perangkat-perangkat pintar. Seperti perangkat navigasi dan orentasi untuk mengetahui arah dan posisi pengguna. Dalam suatu sistem navigasi dibutuhkan ketepatan dalam penentuan keberadaan dan pergerakan suatu benda. Salah satu bagian penting dalam sistem navigasi adalah pendeteksi rotasi. Banyak sekali instrumen yang dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi rotasi dan salah satunya adalah sensor gyroscope. Sensor gyroscope memiliki kelebihan yaitu sensor ini tidak bersentuhan langsung secara fisik dengan lingkungan sekitar sehingga sangat cocok digunakan pada benda yang bergerak bebas. Oleh karena itu, pada paper ini akan dibahas tentang salah satu sensor pendeteksi orientasi, yaitu Gyroscope lisy300.

- by Nurmisari Namy
- •
- Gyroscope

This paper proposes a novel fuzzy-adaptive extended Kalman filter (FAEKF) for the real-time attitude estimation of agile mobile platforms equipped with magnetic, angular rate, and gravity (MARG) sensor arrays. The filter structure employs both a quaternion-based EKF and an adaptive extension, in which novel measurement methods are used to calculate the magnitudes of system vibrations, external accelerations, and magnetic distortions. These magnitudes, as external disturbances, are incorporated into a sophisticated fuzzy inference machine, which executes fuzzy IF-THEN rules-based adaption laws to consistently modify the noise covariance matrices of the filter, thereby providing accurate and robust attitude results. A six-degrees of freedom (6 DOF) test bench is designed for filter performance evaluation, which executes various dynamic behaviors and enables measurement of the true attitude angles (ground truth) along with the raw MARG sensor data. The tuning of filter parameters is performed with numerical optimization based on the collected measurements from the test environment. A comprehensive analysis highlights that the proposed adaptive strategy significantly improves the attitude estimation quality. Moreover, the filter structure successfully rejects the effects of both slow and fast external perturbations. The FAEKF can be applied to any mobile system in which attitude estimation is necessary for localization and external disturbances greatly influence the filter accuracy.

- by Ákos Odry and +4
- •
- Sensors and Sensing, Fuzzy Logic, Adaptive Filtering, Kalman Filter
- by Zineb Rachidi
- •
- Arduino, Gyroscope, Pendule Inverse

This paper represents a MEMS based gyroscope to measure orientation. Silicon-micro-machined gyro is fabricated on the basis of resonators and they use vibrating mechanical element to sense rotation. The vibratory measurement can be done by measuring the change in capacitance with respect to the voltage or force applied in particular axis. Here MEMS based gyroscope has been designed from Lame mode resonator which is a square plate. The additional benefits by using the gyroscope are lower sensor cost, power consumption, more robustness, higher shock resistance. In this paper, also sensitivity of the geometry and change of capacitance has been shown.

- by sujit kumar
- •
- Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Physics, MEMS
- by Hai-Yao DENG
- •
- Mechanics, Gyroscope

In recent years, monitoring a road condition becomes an utmost important. This paper introduces a framework to
monitor road condition, based on sensors (accelerometer, gyroscope and GPS) built in a smartphone. Using machine learning
system, quality of different road sections is obtained and it is possible to visualize a road quality map of a selected region.
Further, this system generates a personal warning system for road condition along with development of a historical record of
road conditions. This provides a constructive feedback to drivers and local authorities. The system reduces the cost of external
hardware, development and maintenance cost involved

- by IJRASET Publication
- •
- Machine Learning, GPS Applications, Gyroscope, Accelerometer

In this paper the research surrounding the Augmented Reality in games on Android platform was performed by testing 108 games from Google Play Market and by analyzing the hundreds of user reviews to determine the level of acceptance and the level of technical stability of the mobile games based on that technology. The Location-based, Marker-based and games based on somewhat different approach were studied and compared by the runtimes, game genres and by the featuring aspects including the presence of multiplayer mode, sound effects and the dimension that the virtual objects were positioned in. The overview of the studied games was presented in this paper. The results, for instance, include that the AR game variation is very narrow in terms of gameplay style and technical issues are very commonly encountered and it makes them very influential to the gameplay experience. The rareness of the multiplayer mode among the AR games was discovered meaning the domination of the single-player game designs.

sensor gyroscope LISY300 biasa digunakan dalam dunia robot untuk menyeimbangkan tubuh atau komponen robot. Sensor ini juga bisa digunakan untuk mengatur posisi agar dapat sesuai dengan derajat perputaran.

- by Nurmisari Namy
- •
- Gyroscope

En este artículo se analiza una carta fechada por Albert Einstein en Bilbao al regreso de su viaje a Sudamérica en 1925. Tras repasar algunos detalles de las escalas realizadas en aquella ocasión en puertos españoles, incluyendo comentarios publicados en la prensa local y fragmentos del propio diario de viaje de Einstein, se profundiza en el contenido y contexto de la misiva, lo cual permite recordar una faceta apenas resaltada en las semblanzas del científico: su interés permanente por las aplicaciones tecnológicas y su propia implicación personal en la invención de dispositivos electromecánicos.

Fixed-wing Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) need effective sensors that can rapidly detect turbulence induced motion perturbations. Current MAV attitude control systems rely on inertial sensors. These systems can be described as reactive; detecting the disturbance only after the aircraft has responded to the disturbing phenomena. In this part of the paper, the current state of the art in reactive attitude sensing for fixed-wing MAVs are reviewed. A scheme for classifying the range of existing and emerging sensing techniques is presented. The features and performance of the sensing approaches are discussed in the context of their application to MAV attitude control systems in turbulent environments. It is found that the use of single sensors is insufficient for MAV control in the presence of turbulence and that potential gains can be realised from multi-sensor systems. A successive paper to be published in this journal will investigate novel attitude sensors which have the potential to improve attitude control of MAVs in Turbulence.

- by Reece Clothier and +1
- •
- Mechanical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Sensors and Sensing, Turbulence
- by Roberto Sabatini
- •
- Aerospace Engineering, Sensors and Sensing, Turbulence, Sensor

Gyroscopes and gyrotheodolites need to be calibrated in arranged time period for their proper function. As known these instruments measure horizontal angles from the astronomical North (astronomical Azimuth) with an accuracy of ±3″.

- by Alyne Siguel
- •
- Orientation, Accuracy, Gyroscope

Balancing robot (robot penyeimbang) beroda dua merupakan suatu robot mobile yang memiliki dua buah roda disisi kanan dan kirinya yang tidak akan seimbang apabila tanpa adanya kontroler. Balancing robot ini merupakan pengembangan dari model pendulum terbalik (inverted pendulum) yang diletakkan di atas kereta beroda. Menyeimbangkan balancing robot beroda dua memerlukan suatu metode kontrol yang baik dan handal untuk mempertahankan posisi robot dalam posisi tegak lurus terhadap permukaan bumi, tanpa memerlukan pengendali lain dari luar. Tujuan utama dari Tugas Akhir ini adalah menggunakan metode kontrol yang baik untuk menjaga badan robot seimbang dalam posisi tegak lurus terhadap permukaan bumi. Balancing robot beroda dua ini menggunakan sensor MMA7260 3-Axis Accelerometer Prototype Board untuk mendeteksi kemiringan serta sensor LISY300 Gyroscope Module untuk mendeteksi kecepatan sudut badan robot ketika akan terjatuh. Sedangkan untuk penggeraknya digunakan dua buah motor DC. Untuk meyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut digunakan sebuah metode kontrol Proporsional Integral (PI) untuk mengatur kecepatan dan arah putar motor DC. Penentuan nilai (tuning) parameter kontrol Proporsional dan Integral dilakukan dengan cara trial and error.

- by Debby Chintya
- •
- Gyroscope

— This work is based off of our Bridge Monitoring System Project. There have been recent incidents of bridge collapses in India due to lack of proper maintenance and inspection, which is what this project is aims to find a solution for. The Project is a Bridge Monitoring System. The Bridge Monitoring System aims to monitor over long durations the vibrations propagated through suspension and possibly other similar bridges under load as well as no load conditions. It also aims to monitor the effects of weather (especially wind) on the bridges. The project makes use of a micro controller-based system to acquire, process, transmits, receive, display, graph and store data. The statistical data will reveal how the bridge responds under various conditions and graph the information in a meaningful way.

- by IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research and Development and +2
- •
- MEMS, Embedded Systems, IDE, Gyroscope

It is widely accepted that human activities largely contribute to global emissions and thus, greatly impact climate change. Awareness promotion and adoption of green transportation mode could make a difference in the long term. To achieve behavioural change, we investigate the use of a persuasive game utilising online transportation mode recognition to afford bonuses and penalties to users based on their daily choices of transportation mode. To facilitate an easy identification of transportation mode, classification predictive models are built based on accelerometer and gyroscope historical data. Preliminary results show that the classification true-positive rate for recognising 10 different transportation classes can reach up to 95% when using a historical set (66% without). Results also reveal that the random tree classification model is a viable choice compared to random forest in terms of sustainability. Qualitative studies of the trained classifiers and measurements of Android-...

- by Ah-Lian Kor
- •
- Computer Science, Random Forest, Applied Sciences, MAchine Learning Algorithms

This article compares three different algorithms used to compute Euler angles from data obtained by the angular rate sensor (e.g., MEMS gyroscope)—the algorithms based on a rotational matrix, on transforming angular velocity to time derivations of the Euler angles and on unit quaternion expressing rotation. Algorithms are compared by their computational efficiency and accuracy of Euler angles estimation. If attitude of the object is computed only from data obtained by the gyroscope, the quaternion-based algorithm seems to be most suitable (having similar accuracy as the matrix-based algorithm, but taking approx. 30% less clock cycles on the 8-bit microcomputer). Integration of the Euler angles’ time derivations has a singularity, therefore is not accurate at full range of object’s attitude. Since the error in every real gyroscope system tends to increase with time due to its offset and thermal drift, we also propose some measures based on compensation by additional sensors (a magnetic compass and accelerometer). Vector data of mentioned secondary sensors has to be transformed into the inertial frame of reference. While transformation of the vector by the matrix is slightly faster than doing the same by quaternion, the compensated sensor system utilizing a matrix-based algorithm can be approximately 10% faster than the system utilizing quaternions (depending on implementation and hardware).

- by Aleš Janota and +3
- •
- MEMS, Inertial navigation, Gyroscope, Rotational Matrix

This paper presents a human action recognition system that runs in real-time and uses a depth camera and an inertial sensor simultaneously based on a previously developed sensor fusion method. Computationally efficient depth image features and inertial signals features are fed into two computationally efficient collaborative representative classifiers. A decision-level fusion is then performed. The developed real-time system is evaluated using a publicly available multimodal human action recognition dataset by considering a comprehensive set of human actions. The overall classification rate of the developed real-time system is shown to be more than 97% which is at least 9% higher than when each sensing modality is used individually. The results from both offline and real-time experimentations demonstrate the effectiveness of the system and its real-time throughputs.

- by Chen Chen
- •
- Wearable Computing, Pattern Recognition, Multimodality, Wearable sensors

Vehicles play a major role in this globalization era and their increasing use in everyday life comes with greater risks for accidents. On the other hand, people are not really aware of the necessity for safe driving, as evident in the number of people breaking traffic regulation. This research is aimed at building a system of vehicle velocity and acceleration monitoring using an accelerometer with ADXL345protocol and Raspberry Pi minimum system. The program in Raspberry Pi is written using Python. Programming is initialized with SMB (system management bus) function, followed by setting for data transfer velocity and command program to read the accelerometer, as well as a command to display data output. For validation purposes, output from the accelerometer sensor system is compared to that of accelerometer sensor embedded in cellular telephone using accelerometer analyzer software. Sensor readings are kept in files of text format. I. INTRODUCTION Vehicles play major roles in this globalization era, starting from their core function as transportation means, distribution of goods, down to vehicle modification for specific purposes such vehicles for heavy duty work, firefighter trucks, and even to race cars that become a sport. Increasing number of vehicle use in everyday life lead to more accidents. This is made worse by the fact that people are not yet really aware of driving safety, with many of them still breaking traffic regulation. Traffic accidents are caused by the arrogance and ego of drivers (human error), lack of road infrastructure and vehicle conditions, among other things. One of the ways to prevent accidents is by making a vehicle velocity and acceleration monitoring instrument. This is meant to know vehicle condition on the road and whenever an accident takes place. Vehicle velocity and acceleration can be detected to determine exactly when an accident may take place and the possible extent of the resulting impact.

system (MEMS) accelerometers and gyroscopes are suitable for the inertial navigation system (INS) of Many applications due to the low price, small dimensions and light weight. The main disadvantage in a comparison with classic sensors is a worse long term stability. The estimation accuracy is mostly affected by the time-dependent growth of inertial sensor errors, especially the stochastic errors. In order to eliminate negative effect of these random errors, they must be accurately modeled. where the key is the successful implementation that depends on how well the noise statistics of the inertial sensors is selected. In this paper, the Allan variance technique will be used in modeling the stochastic errors of the inertial sensors. By performing a simple operation on the entire length of data, a characteristic curve is obtained whose inspection provides a systematic characterization of various random errors contained in the inertial-sensor output data.

- by ابو احمد سالم
- •
- Control Systems Engineering, Control Systems, Gyroscope, Accelerometer

Recognition of body posture and motion is an important physiological function that can keep the body in balance. Man-made motion sensors have also been widely applied for a broad array of biomedical applications including diagnosis of balance disorders and evaluation of energy expenditure. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art sensing components utilized for body motion measurement. The anatomy and working principles of a natural body motion sensor, the human vestibular system, are first described. Various man-made inertial sensors are then elaborated based on their distinctive sensing mechanisms. In particular, both the conventional solid-state motion sensors and the emerging non solid-state motion sensors are depicted. With their lower cost and increased intelligence, man-made motion sensors are expected to play an increasingly important role in biomedical systems for basic research as well as clinical diagnostics.

- by Hansong Zeng
- •
- Mechanical Engineering, Analytical Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, Biomechanics
- by David Pepper
- •
- Electronics, Control, Equations of State, Flow

Precision swine production can benefit from autonomous, noninvasive, and affordable devices that conduct frequent checks on the well-being status of pigs. Here, we present a remote monitoring tool for the objective measurement of some behavioral indicators that may help in assessing the health and welfare status—namely, posture, gait, vocalization, and external temperature. The multiparameter electronic sensor board is characterized by laboratory measurements and by animal tests. Relevant behavioral health indicators are discussed for implementing machine learning algorithms and decision support tools to detect animal lameness, lethargy, pain, injury, and distress. The roadmap for technology adoption is also discussed, along with challenges and the path forward. The presented technology can potentially lead to efficient management of farm animals, targeted focus on sick animals, medical cost savings, and less use of antibiotics.

- by Santosh Pandey
- •
- Remote Sensing, Sensors and Sensing, Precision Agriculture, Wearable Technologies

This article compares three different algorithms used to compute Euler angles from data obtained by the angular rate sensor (e.g., MEMS gyroscope)-the algorithms based on a rotational matrix, on transforming angular velocity to time derivations of the Euler angles and on unit quaternion expressing rotation. Algorithms are compared by their computational efficiency and accuracy of Euler angles estimation. If attitude of the object is computed only from data obtained by the gyroscope, the quaternion-based algorithm seems to be most suitable (having similar accuracy as the matrix-based algorithm, but taking approx. 30% less clock cycles on the 8-bit microcomputer). Integration of the Euler angles' time derivations has a singularity, therefore is not accurate at full range of object's attitude. Since the error in every real gyroscope system tends to increase with time due to its offset and thermal drift, we also propose some measures based on compensation by additional sensors (a magnetic compass and accelerometer). Vector data of mentioned secondary sensors has to be transformed into the inertial frame of reference. While transformation of the vector by the matrix is slightly faster than doing the same by quaternion, the compensated sensor system utilizing a matrix-based algorithm can be approximately 10% faster than the system utilizing quaternions (depending on implementation and hardware).

- by Aleš Janota
- •
- MEMS, Inertial navigation, Gyroscope

In this paper a generalised approach to the analysis of the dynamics and errors of different types of Coriolis Vibratory Gyroscopes (CVG), as well as calculation of their performances for application in the design of such gyroscopes, is considered. In particular dynamics and errors of single mass gyroscopes, for both translational and rotational movement of the sensitive element, is investigated and analysed. Based on the generalised equations, analytical dependencies for basic errors, such as scale factor non-linearity, bias from misalignment between elastic and measurement axes, bias from vibrations and dynamic error caused by harmonic angular rate, are derived and analysed. A methodology for the optimal design of the sense element has been developed and the results applied to the design, fabrication and testing of a micromechanical CVG.

- by Francis Tay
- •
- Design, Gyroscope, Coriolis, CVG

This study investigates and acts as a trial clinical outcome for human motion and behaviour analysis in consensus of health related quality of life in Malaysia. It was developed to analyse and access the quality of human limbs motion that can be used in hospitals, clinics and human motion researches. An experiment was set up in a laboratory environment with conjunction of analysing human motion and its behaviour. The instruments demonstrate adequate internal consistency of results as below: 1. Compass sensor gives a better result with less standard deviation values especially in x-axis according descriptive statistical data. 2. Compass sensor gives a clearer scatter plot for better classification. 3. R2 (amount of variation explained) for sensor attached on arm is lower than hip and that means data collected from this site have a consistent trend. A simple tabulated form data and colour scatter diagram were developed to demonstrate the results.

- by Rubita Sudirman
- •
- Motion, Gyroscope, Accelerometer, Compass

Inertial measurement units (IMUs) are fundamental for attitude control of drones. With the advancements in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication processes, size, power consumption, and price of these sensors have reduced significantly and attracted many new applications. However, this came at the expense of sensors requiring frequent recalibration, as they are highly contaminated with systematic errors. This paper presents a novel method to jointly calibrate the accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer triad in a MEMS IMU without additional equipment. Opportunistic zero change in velocity and position updates, and inclination updates were used in conjunction with relative orientation updates from magnetometers in a robust batch least-squares adjustment. Solutions from the proposed self-calibration were compared to existing calibration methods. Empirical results suggest that the new method is robust against magnetic distortions and can achieve performance similar to a specialized calibration that uses a more accurate (and expensive) IMU as reference. The jointly estimated accelerometer and gyroscope calibration parameters can deliver a more accurate dead-reckoning solution than the popular multi-position calibration method (i.e., 54% improvement in orientation accuracy) by recovering the gyroscope scale error and other systematic errors. In addition, it can improve parameter observability as well as reduce calibration time by incorporating dynamic data with static orientations. The proposed calibration was also applied on-site pre-mission by simply waving the sensor by hand and was able to improve the orientation tracking accuracy by 73%.

- by Jacky C K Chow
- •
- Electrical Engineering, Robotics, Geomatics, Mobile Robotics

Sound spatialisation is an important component in interactive per- formances as well as in game audio and virtual or mixed reality systems. HCI practices are increasingly focused on creating a natural user experience and embodied interaction through gestu- ral control. Body movements that coincide with sounds consist of both performed ‘sound producing‘ gestures, and ancillary and communicative movements. Thus, different gestural typologies may relate to the same audio source. Furthermore, gestures may depend on the context in which they have been expressed; in other words, they can carry different semantic or semiotic meanings in relationship to the situation and environment or reality in which they have been enacted. In order to explore these research themes, we are developing gSPAT: a software and hardware system able to drive live sound spatialisation for interactive audio performance using gestural control based on human-meaningful gesture-sound relationships. The ultimate aim is to provide a highly natural and musically expressive sound spatialisation experience for the per- former. Here we describe three experiments conducted to explore the possible directions for the future of gSPAT’s development. The tests employ a range of practice-based and ethnographic research methods to establish applicability, naturalness and usability across a range of approaches to the interaction design of the system.

- by Balandino Di Donato
- •
- Gesture, Mobile Technology, Performance, Interactive and Digital Media

A technique to eliminate the offset drift in the demodulator circuitry of open-loop interferometric fiber optic gyroscopes is presented. This technique employs a demodulation scheme that uses the area of the negative half-cycles of the output signal of a sinusoidally modulated gyroscope to obtain the angular velocity. We propose an electronic circuitry that periodically reverses the demodulator input, allowing for the acquisition of two samples of the gyroscope signal with the same magnitude and opposite polarities. The angular velocity is obtained from the subtraction of these two samples, suppressing the electronic offset. Experiments showed that the proposed method reduces the demodulator offset drift from 4.4 μV/°C to about 14 nV/°C, which is equivalent to a reduction, from 0.2 deg/h/°C to about 0.0006 deg/h/°C in the tested gyroscope. The proposed technique improved the bias stability of the tested gyroscope from 0.0162 to 0.0071 deg/h.

- by Alex Dante
- •
- Physics, Optics, Quantum Physics, Medicine

Objective: The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of studies to determine whether sitting time measured objectively (by laboratory controlled time trial, direct observation, or wearable sensor) is associated with the immediate increase in low back pain (LBP) (determined by pain scale rating) in people >18 years of age. Methods: Four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) were searched from inception to September 1, 2018. Randomized controlled trials and cohort and cross-sectional studies, where objectively measured sitting time was temporally matched with a measure of LBP in adults, were included. Studies without a control session conducted on a separate day were excluded. Screening, full-text review, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment (Quality In Prognosis Studies) of included papers were performed independently by 2 reviewers, with a third available to resolve disagreements. Results: In total, 609 articles were identified, 361 titles/abstracts were screened,75 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 10 met the inclusion criteria. All but 1 reported sitting time to be associated with an immediate increase in LBP. Six of these reported clinically relevant pain levels (n ¼ 330). Half of the included studies were rated as having a low risk of bias and the remaining were rated as having a moderate risk of bias. Conclusion: Prolonged sitting increases immediate reporting of LBP in adults; however, no conclusion between sitting and clinical episodes of LBP can be made. Based upon these findings, we recommend that future prospective studies should match objectively measured sitting with temporally related pain measurements to determine whether prolonged sitting can trigger a clinical episode of LBP. (J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2020;xx:1-12)

- by Arnold, Y L Wong and +1
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- Spine, Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review, Spine Biomechanics, Low back pain

Using the smartphone as an answer for the identification of Atrial Fibrillation (AFib), which uses the built-in accelerometer and gyroscope sensors (Inertial Measurement Unit, IMU) of the smartphone for detection? Contingent upon the patient's circumstance, it is conceivable to utilize the created cell phone application either routinely or at times for making an estimation of the subject with no outer sensors is required. From that point forward, the application decides if the patient experiences AFib or not. Arun Pranav K. R | Elavarasan C"Fibrillation Detection using Accelerometer and Gyroscope of a Smartphone" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11074.pdf

This paper examines the use of sensor devices in sports biomechanics, focusing on current frequency of use of Electromyography (EMG) device preferences. Researchers in the International Society of Biomechanics in Sports were invited to participate in an online survey. Responses on multiple sensor devices highlighting frequency of use, device features and improvements researchers sought in acquisition and analysis methods were obtained via an online questionnaire. Results of the investigation showed that the force platform is the most frequently used device, with inertial measurement units and EMG devices growing in popularity. Wireless functionality and ease of use for both the participant and the practitioner proved to be important features. The main findings of the survey demonstrated need for a simple, low power, multi-channel device which incorporates the various sensors into one single device. Biomechanists showed they were looking for more availability of wireless sensor devices with acquisition and analysis features. The study found there is a need to develop software analysis tools to accompany the multi-channel device, providing all the basic functions while maintaining compatibility with existing systems.

- by Róisín Howard and +1
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- Sensors and Sensing, Biomechanics, Sensor, Survey Research

Purpose: We present an innovative method to quantify the eyeblink by using a miniature gyroscopic sensor (gyro), which is applied on the upper eyelid. Electrical Stimulation (ES) of the facial nerve is a promising technology to treat dysfunctional eyelid closure following facial paralysis. We used the new gyro-based method to evaluate the biomechanics of both the spontaneous and the ES-induced eyeblink, and to identify the best ES protocol. Methods: During blinking, eyelids rotate about the axis passing through the eye canthi, thus we propose to use a gyro for measuring the angular velocity of the upper eyelid (ω e ). The angular displacement of the eyelid (θ e ) was calculated by integrating the ω e signal. Two indices were derived from θ e : 1) the eyelid angular displacement during eye closure (C), calculated as the peak value of θ e ; 2) the eyelid closure duration (D), calculated as the time interval between zero signal and the peak value of θ e . In a healthy volunteer we used this method to quantify both the spontaneous eyeblink and the blinks elicited by different ES patterns. Results: For the spontaneous eyeblink, indices C = 14.0 ± 1.8° and D = 94.0 ± 10.8 ms were computed. By comparing C and D indices for spontaneous and ES cases, trains of 10 pulses with a frequency ranging from 200 Hz to 400 Hz proved to induce the most effective and natural-like eyeblinks. Conclusions: The new gyro-based method proved to be a valuable tool to provide dynamic and realtime quantification of eyelid motions. It could be particularly useful for evaluating the effective and natural-like eyeblink restoration provided by ES.

- by Giacomo Colletti and +1
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- Biomedical Engineering, Facial Paralysis, Artificial Organs, Neurophysiology

This paper presents a fusion approach for improving human action recognition based on two differing modality sensors consisting of a depth camera and an inertial body sensor. Computationally efficient action features are extracted from depth images provided by the depth camera and from accelerometer signals provided by the inertial body sensor. These features consist of depth motion maps and statistical signal attributes. For action recognition, both feature-level fusion and decision-level fusion are examined by using a collaborative representation classifier. In the feature-level fusion, features generated from the two differing modality sensors are merged before classification while in the decision-level fusion, the Dempster-Shafer theory is used to combine the classification outcomes from two classifiers, each corresponding to one sensor. The introduced fusion framework is evaluated using the Berkeley Multimodal Human Action Database. The results indicate that due to the complementary aspect of the data from these sensors, the introduced fusion approaches lead to from 2% to 23% recognition rate improvements depending on the action over the situations when each sensor is used individually.

- by Chen Chen
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- Computer Vision, Image Processing, Action Research, Pattern Recognition

- by Drew Harrison
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- Mechanical Engineering, Computer Science, Biomechanics, Medicine

This paper performs determination of a mathematical model of the balancing robot, its linearization and algorithm for calculation of stabilization of the deflection angle from the vertical modal method. This algorithm also makes determination of the angle of deviation from the use of either alpha-beta filter and the angle of rotation of the wheels by means of encoders.

- by Lifescience Global Canada
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- Accelerometers, Encoder, Gyroscope, Automatic Control Systems

A method for human activity recognition using mobile phones is introduced. Using the accelerometer and gyroscope typically found in modern smartphones, a system that uses the proposed method is able to recognize low level activities, including athletic exercises, with high accuracy. A Hebbian learning preprocessing stage is used to render accelerometer and gyroscope signals independent to the orientation of the smartphone inside the user's pocket. After preprocessing, a selected set of features are obtained and used for classification by a k-nearest neighbor or a multilayer perceptron. The trained algorithm achieves an accuracy of 95.3 percent when using the multilayer perceptron and tested on unknown users who are asked to perform the exercises after placing the mobile device in their pocket without any constraints on the orientation. Comparison of performance with respect to other popular methods is provided.