Internalization Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Binding of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) to its receptor on U937 cells results in rapid and TNF dose-dependent phosphorylation of a cytosolic protein with an apparent molecular mass of 26,000 kDa (p26) and an isoelectric point... more
Binding of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) to its receptor on U937 cells results in rapid and TNF dose-dependent phosphorylation of a cytosolic protein with an apparent molecular mass of 26,000 kDa (p26) and an isoelectric point of 5.6. Half-maximal phosphorylation of p26 was achieved at concentrations of 1.8 ng/ml and was detectable within 20 s of TNF-alpha treatment. p26 is phosphorylated exclusively at serine residues. p26 phosphorylation occurs at 37 degrees C as well as at 14 degrees C, indicating that internalization of the TNF receptor is not required for serine kinase activation. Dephosphorylation of p26 starts 10 min after TNF-induced phosphorylation, suggesting a possible regulatory function of this cytosolic protein within the post-TNF receptor signaling system. p26 is also phosphorylated upon treatment with lymphotoxin. In contrast, both interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide fail to induce p26 phosphorylation. Whereas phosphorylated p26 was detected in the TNF-...
Attitude-related research in the existing sport literature has focused on measurement of the affect component to examine existing attitudes towards sport teams. Recent studies question sole reliance upon affective reactions to assess... more
Attitude-related research in the existing sport literature has focused on measurement of the affect component to examine existing attitudes towards sport teams. Recent studies question sole reliance upon affective reactions to assess sport consumers’ attitudes towards sport teams. Current thinking conceptualises attitudes as possessing distinct structural properties such as importance, extremity, accessibility, certainty, and so on, whose combined presence is believed to be a better measure of attitude formation towards a focal object. This paper presents a conceptual model to advance our understanding of attitude formation relative to sport and athletic teams. The Fan Attitude Network (FAN) Model proposes a process through which the fulfilment of dispositional needs serves as a catalyst for the internalisation of a sport team. The internalisation process culminates in a sport identity that mediates the formation of the structural property importance, which in turn influences the formation of additional structural properties that subsequently impact attitude consequences such as fan loyalty. Based upon the proposed FAN Model, two directions for future research are offered for the systematic study of attitude formation among sport consumers.
RESUMO Apesar de estudos apontarem a associação entre problemas internalizantes e variáveis familiares, predo-minam as intervenções focadas na criança ou no adolescente. Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar e descrever... more
RESUMO Apesar de estudos apontarem a associação entre problemas internalizantes e variáveis familiares, predo-minam as intervenções focadas na criança ou no adolescente. Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar e descrever características de programas de intervenção para problemas internalizantes na infância ou adoles-cência, que incluem os pais, descritos em pesquisas aplicadas. Diferentes palavras-chave foram combinadas no mecanismo de busca do portal da Capes. A partir do levantamento foram encontrados cinco estudos internacionais de intervenção, os quais foram avaliados na íntegra e descritos quanto ao delineamento, par-ticipantes, conteúdo, características das intervenções, resultados e follow-up. A eficácia das intervenções parentais foi discutida quanto à consistência dos procedimentos de intervenção com os fatores de risco e proteção descritos pela literatura da área. ABSTRACT Despite the association between internalizing problems and family variables, interventions that focused exclusively on children and adolescents domains still predominate. This study aimed to identify and describe Volume XIX no 2, 138-159 139 characteristics of intervention programs for internalizing problems which include children, adolescents and parents. Different keywords were combined in the CAPES search website. There were found five international intervention studies, which were assessed entirely and described on the design, participants, content and characteristics of interventions, outcomes, and follow-up. The effectiveness of parent interventions was discussed according to the consistency of the procedures content with risk and protective factors described in the literature. RESUMEN A pesar de la asociación entre problemas internalizantes y las variables familiares predominan las in-tervenciones centradas en los niños y adolescentes. Este estudio tuvo por objetivo identificar y describir características de programas de intervención para problemas internalizantes en la niñez o adolescencia, descritos en investigaciones aplicadas, que incluyan a los padres. Diferentes palabras clave se combinaron en el motor de búsqueda del portal de CAPES. La busca encontró cinco estudios de intervención inter-nacionales, los cuales fueron evaluados en su totalidad y que fueron descritos en el diseño, participantes, contenido, características de las intervenciones, los resultados y el seguimiento. La eficacia de las interven
Gestalt Therapy techniques are considered to be powerful tools for the remobilization of human growth and change. I will attempt to show that the power of these techniques lies in the fact that they are effective ways of dealing with our... more
Gestalt Therapy techniques are considered to be powerful tools for the remobilization of human growth and change. I will attempt to show that the power of these techniques lies in the fact that they are effective ways of dealing with our "internalizations". I will first briefly review object relation theory and then discuss gestalt techniques as they pertain to internal objects.
- by Chet Borucki and +1
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- Business, Marketing, Socialization, Organizational Knowledge
This paper research provides a better insight of the subject of internalization of congestion on airports. To be able to establish the hypothesis of internalization of congestion, the relationship between three measures for delay, and the... more
This paper research provides a better insight of the subject of internalization of congestion on airports. To be able to establish the hypothesis of internalization of congestion, the relationship between three measures for delay, and the level of concentration of airports, measured using the Hirschman-Herfindahl Index (HHI). The findings suggest that carriers do not account for the congestion costs when scheduling a new flight when operating on an airport. In this context, since there are no sighs that airlines internalize the congestion imposed, congestion pricing on airport is useful and could be welfare-improving. The research results reverse the findings of Brueckner (2001) and Ater (2012), which corroborate that the assumption of internalization of congestion holds, and fills in the gap in the literature by using new measures of delays.
Chapter 2 of the book Arievitch, I. M. (2017). "Beyond the Brain: An Agentive Activity Perspective on Mind, Development, and Learning". Rotterdam/Boston: Sense Publishers. The book outlines a fundamental alternative to the rising wave of... more
Chapter 2 of the book Arievitch, I. M. (2017). "Beyond the Brain: An Agentive Activity Perspective on Mind, Development, and Learning". Rotterdam/Boston: Sense Publishers.
The book outlines a fundamental alternative to the rising wave of aggressive biological reductionism and brainism in contemporary psychology and education. It offers steps to achieving a daunting and elusive goal: constructing a coherently non-reductionist account of the mind. The main obstacle to such a construction is identified as the centuries-old contemplative fallacy that leads to entrenched dualisms and shackles major theoretical frameworks. The alternative agentive activity perspective overcomes this fallacy by advancing the core principles of the cultural-historical activity theory. This innovative perspective charts a consistently non-mentalist and non-individualist view of psychological processes without discarding the individual mind. A vast body of research and theories, from Piaget and Dewey to sociocultural and embodied cognition approaches are critically engaged, with a special focus on Piotr Galperin’s contribution. The notion of the embodied agent’s object-directed activity serves as a pivotal point for re-conceptualizing the mind and its role in behavior. In a radical departure from both the traditional mentalist and biologically reductionist frameworks, psychological processes are understood as taking place “beyond the brain” – as constituted by the agent’s activities in the world. From this standpoint, many of Vygotsky’s key insights, including semiotic mediation, internalization, and cognitive tools are given a fresh scrutiny and substantially revised. The agentive activity perspective opens ways to offer a bold vision for education: developmental teaching and learning built on the premise that real knowledge is not “information storage and retrieval” and that education is not about “knowledge transmission” but instead it is about developing students’ minds.
Publisher’s product page with Table of Contents and free preview of Chapter 1 (Introduction): https://www.sensepublishers.com/catalogs/bookseries/bold-visions-in-educational-research/beyond-the-brain/
Pe piața produselor de îmbrăcăminte, regăsim două firme aflate în competiția pentru primul loc mondial ce aplică modele de business diferite și cu toate acestea obțin rezultate remarcabile. Este vorba de Zara și H&M: prima se bazează pe... more
Pe piața produselor de îmbrăcăminte, regăsim două firme aflate în competiția pentru primul loc mondial ce aplică modele de business diferite și cu toate acestea obțin rezultate remarcabile.
Este vorba de Zara și H&M: prima se bazează pe internalizarea operațiunilor, ducând o politică de zero publicitate, în timp ce H&M își externalizează producția și implică chiar și vedete în acțiunile sale de promovare (Beyonce, Vanessa Paradis și Lana del Ray).
Lucrarea de față își propune să încerce să explice de ce două firme care acționează în același mediu, sub aceleași condiții, au ales un model de business diferit. Setul de capabilități specifice ale celor două companii a fost realizat în baza studiilor teoretice existente, a industriei de îmbrăcăminte și a rapoartelor de activitate publicate de ambele firme. Acest set explică parțial alegerea direcției de business a firmelor.
Chapter 3 of the book Arievitch, I. M. (2017). "Beyond the Brain: An Agentive Activity Perspective on Mind, Development, and Learning". Rotterdam/Boston: Sense Publishers. The book outlines a fundamental alternative to the rising wave of... more
Chapter 3 of the book Arievitch, I. M. (2017). "Beyond the Brain: An Agentive Activity Perspective on Mind, Development, and Learning". Rotterdam/Boston: Sense Publishers.
The book outlines a fundamental alternative to the rising wave of aggressive biological reductionism and brainism in contemporary psychology and education. It offers steps to achieving a daunting and elusive goal: constructing a coherently non-reductionist account of the mind. The main obstacle to such a construction is identified as the centuries-old contemplative fallacy that leads to entrenched dualisms and shackles major theoretical frameworks. The alternative agentive activity perspective overcomes this fallacy by advancing the core principles of the cultural-historical activity theory. This innovative perspective charts a consistently non-mentalist and non-individualist view of psychological processes without discarding the individual mind. A vast body of research and theories, from Piaget and Dewey to sociocultural and embodied cognition approaches are critically engaged, with a special focus on Piotr Galperin’s contribution. The notion of the embodied agent’s object-directed activity serves as a pivotal point for re-conceptualizing the mind and its role in behavior. In a radical departure from both the traditional mentalist and biologically reductionist frameworks, psychological processes are understood as taking place “beyond the brain” – as constituted by the agent’s activities in the world. From this standpoint, many of Vygotsky’s key insights, including semiotic mediation, internalization, and cognitive tools are given a fresh scrutiny and substantially revised. The agentive activity perspective opens ways to offer a bold vision for education: developmental teaching and learning built on the premise that real knowledge is not “information storage and retrieval” and that education is not about “knowledge transmission” but instead it is about developing students’ minds.
Publisher’s product page with Table of Contents and free preview of Chapter 1 (Introduction): https://www.sensepublishers.com/catalogs/bookseries/bold-visions-in-educational-research/beyond-the-brain/
This article aims to provide a conceptual framework for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to evaluate the appropriation of blockchain technology for their business needs and challenges. This conceptual framework aims to respond to... more
This article aims to provide a conceptual framework for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to evaluate the appropriation of blockchain technology for their business needs and challenges. This conceptual framework aims to respond to the problem of increasing speculations surrounding the blockchain that is considered to be an absolute and innovative solution to many business related problems. However, this argument might not be realistic for SMEs despite this assumption. The main argument of the article is that SMEs should be skeptical while evaluating the appropriation of this technology for their business needs and they should follow a tailored approach whilst adopting it. Otherwise, the likelihood is high that a short-term and unstructured knowledge management process to adopt blockchain will end up with a waste of resources. The present paper conceptualizes an appropriation framework within nine factors namely, reduction of costs, internalization, digital representation of assets, unalterable data recording, network size, transparent and synchronized ledger, scalability, fair trade, and financing. Given the field's infancy state of development, the paper relies on a qualitative document analysis involving SME literature and extant literature and white papers of blockchain applications.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the International Baccalaureate (IB) programme which spreads both in Turkey and the world, using qualitative method on the opinions of students, teachers, and administrators of the sole state high... more
The purpose of this study is to analyze the International Baccalaureate (IB) programme which spreads both in Turkey and the world, using qualitative method on the opinions of students, teachers, and administrators of the sole state high school in which the programme is applied. The data has been obtained by making face-to-face meetings with teachers and administrators individually, and by making focus discussions with students. At the same time, the atmosphere both in classroom and school has been observed and field-related notes have been taken. At the end of the study, it was determined that students attended the programme because they wanted to get a better education, improve their English level, and catch the opportunity to attend a foreign university; and as for the teachers, they wanted to improve themselves. The participants stated that although it has been difficult to carry out the programme together with the national programme, they achieved enough working habit to make it real. For the strong sides of the programme, students stated that the programme raises confident individuals, cares for performance and practice, presents both freedom and originality, and the teachers said that it allows students to gain ability, and make them practice often and the programme applies education by building and living it. The weak sides of the programme for the students are using mainly English culture in studies and for the teachers its limited inspection, lack of material, having no sharing and lack of time. The opportunities and threats of the programme have also been mentioned and the suggestions have been included at the end of the study.
MAN 1 Malang is one of the formal educational institutions in Malang regency under the auspices of the Ministry of Religious Affairs. The vision and mission includes forming students who are religious and carry out religious activities in... more
MAN 1 Malang is one of the formal educational institutions in Malang regency under the auspices of the Ministry of Religious Affairs. The vision and mission includes forming students who are religious and carry out religious activities in daily life. One indicator that must be met to become a religious individual is to be able to understand and carry out the contents contained in the holy book of the Qur'an. A necessity to be able to understand the contents of a person must be able to read it. With this background, this study focuses on three problems: (1) How to portray the ability of MAN students in reading the Qur'an, (2) What is the process of internalizing students in their environment, especially those who cannot read the Qur'an, and (3) How is the principal's effort in dealing with students who cannot read the Qur'an. This research is a study of the sociology of education. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, which is one type of research that aims to describe and understand certain phenomena. The approach used is the sociology of knowledge. Namely revealing a phenomenon using knowledge that develops in the wider community. The findings in this study are (1) Of the 952 students of MAN 1 Malang, there were 49 students who could not read the Qur'an. This phenomenon is contrary to the existing vision and mission. (2) The internalization process greatly affects the ability of students to read the Qur'an. These factors include family support, environmental conditions, family conditions and student internal factors. (3) Efforts made by MAN 1 Malang to succeed in its vision and mission are to hold a Qur'an reading guidance program for students who have not been able to.
Chapter 7 of the book Arievitch, I. M. (2017). "Beyond the Brain: An Agentive Activity Perspective on Mind, Development, and Learning". Rotterdam/Boston: Sense Publishers. The book outlines a fundamental alternative to the rising wave of... more
Chapter 7 of the book Arievitch, I. M. (2017). "Beyond the Brain: An Agentive Activity Perspective on Mind, Development, and Learning". Rotterdam/Boston: Sense Publishers.
The book outlines a fundamental alternative to the rising wave of aggressive biological reductionism and brainism in contemporary psychology and education. It offers steps to achieving a daunting and elusive goal: constructing a coherently non-reductionist account of the mind. The main obstacle to such a construction is identified as the centuries-old contemplative fallacy that leads to entrenched dualisms and shackles major theoretical frameworks. The alternative agentive activity perspective overcomes this fallacy by advancing the core principles of the cultural-historical activity theory. This innovative perspective charts a consistently non-mentalist and non-individualist view of psychological processes without discarding the individual mind. A vast body of research and theories, from Piaget and Dewey to sociocultural and embodied cognition approaches are critically engaged, with a special focus on Piotr Galperin’s contribution. The notion of the embodied agent’s object-directed activity serves as a pivotal point for re-conceptualizing the mind and its role in behavior. In a radical departure from both the traditional mentalist and biologically reductionist frameworks, psychological processes are understood as taking place “beyond the brain” – as constituted by the agent’s activities in the world. From this standpoint, many of Vygotsky’s key insights, including semiotic mediation, internalization, and cognitive tools are given a fresh scrutiny and substantially revised. The agentive activity perspective opens ways to offer a bold vision for education: developmental teaching and learning built on the premise that real knowledge is not “information storage and retrieval” and that education is not about “knowledge transmission” but instead it is about developing students’ minds.
Publisher’s product page with Table of Contents and free preview of Chapter 1 (Introduction): https://www.sensepublishers.com/catalogs/bookseries/bold-visions-in-educational-research/beyond-the-brain/
Adolescent behavior problems consist of an important study focus for Psychology and the evaluation of interventions is necessary. The objective of this study was to report the effects of the Promove-Pais, in a group, with parents of... more
Adolescent behavior problems consist of an important study focus for Psychology and the evaluation of
interventions is necessary. The objective of this study was to report the effects of the Promove-Pais, in a group,
with parents of adolescents with internalizing behavior problems. The participants were three parents (a couple
and a mother) of two adolescents with internalizing behavior problems. The evaluation tests were the REHSE-P,
CBCL, PHQ-9 and the Semi-Structured Script Clinical Interview. In total there were 10 sessions
lasting an hour and a half each. Comparing the data obtained in the pre-test to the post-test and follow-up, it
was noted that parents learned new educational practices and their adolescents no longer had internalizing
problems. Thus, there was an improvement in the social interactions of these parents with their children and
vice-versa, demonstrating the effectiveness of this the intervention.
Keywords: parent group, parenting social skills, internalizing behavior problems, parenting practices, Promove-Pais
Analysis of errors in students' original writing revealed significant shortfalls in grammatical ability in key areas even though the students are capable of demonstrating competence in routine textbook style exercises. There was a... more
Analysis of errors in students' original writing revealed significant shortfalls in grammatical ability in key areas even though the students are capable of demonstrating competence in routine textbook style exercises. There was a clear relationship between the topic chosen and the number and range of errors. The results suggest that while more grammatical instruction is required, the structures may be
Chapter 5 of the book Arievitch, I. M. (2017). "Beyond the Brain: An Agentive Activity Perspective on Mind, Development, and Learning". Rotterdam/Boston: Sense Publishers. The book outlines a fundamental alternative to the rising wave of... more
Chapter 5 of the book Arievitch, I. M. (2017). "Beyond the Brain: An Agentive Activity Perspective on Mind, Development, and Learning". Rotterdam/Boston: Sense Publishers.
The book outlines a fundamental alternative to the rising wave of aggressive biological reductionism and brainism in contemporary psychology and education. It offers steps to achieving a daunting and elusive goal: constructing a coherently non-reductionist account of the mind. The main obstacle to such a construction is identified as the centuries-old contemplative fallacy that leads to entrenched dualisms and shackles major theoretical frameworks. The alternative agentive activity perspective overcomes this fallacy by advancing the core principles of the cultural-historical activity theory. This innovative perspective charts a consistently non-mentalist and non-individualist view of psychological processes without discarding the individual mind. A vast body of research and theories, from Piaget and Dewey to sociocultural and embodied cognition approaches are critically engaged, with a special focus on Piotr Galperin’s contribution. The notion of the embodied agent’s object-directed activity serves as a pivotal point for re-conceptualizing the mind and its role in behavior. In a radical departure from both the traditional mentalist and biologically reductionist frameworks, psychological processes are understood as taking place “beyond the brain” – as constituted by the agent’s activities in the world. From this standpoint, many of Vygotsky’s key insights, including semiotic mediation, internalization, and cognitive tools are given a fresh scrutiny and substantially revised. The agentive activity perspective opens ways to offer a bold vision for education: developmental teaching and learning built on the premise that real knowledge is not “information storage and retrieval” and that education is not about “knowledge transmission” but instead it is about developing students’ minds.
Publisher’s product page with Table of Contents and free preview of Chapter 1 (Introduction): https://www.sensepublishers.com/catalogs/bookseries/bold-visions-in-educational-research/beyond-the-brain/
The purpose of the thesis is to examine how adult immigrants in Romania describe the learning strategies that have helped them integrate in the new culture. To be able to draw conclusions about migrants' learning strategies and what has... more
The purpose of the thesis is to examine how adult immigrants in Romania describe the learning strategies that have helped them integrate in the new culture. To be able to draw conclusions about migrants' learning strategies and what has made them work, I have looked at the experience of five immigrants who speak Romanian and who have successfully integrated in the Romanian culture. The study employs a qualitative methodology, information has been collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis and a framework approach to data analysis. The key findings of the thesis are that integration through education, specifically through language learning, takes place more effectively if migrants are driven by intrinsic goals or if they internalize the extrinsic rewards that they expect upon completion of their goals. These findings can be put into practice to form better strategies and actions steps in organizational programs that aim at integrating migrants. They can also be brought to the knowledge of migrants looking to successfully integrate, to make them aware of how their choices and goals, even those apparently unrelated, can impact the outcome of their integration efforts.
Шестопалова К. М. Психологічні механізми взаємозв’язку антиципації та життєвої компетентності особистості. – На правах рукопису. Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата психологічних наук за спеціальністю 19.00.01 – загальна... more
Шестопалова К. М. Психологічні механізми взаємозв’язку антиципації та життєвої компетентності особистості. – На правах рукопису.
Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата психологічних наук за спеціальністю 19.00.01 – загальна психологія, історія психології. – Дніпропетровський національний університет імені Олеся Гончара Міністерства освіти і науки, молоді та спорту України, Дніпропетровськ, 2013.
Preface i Dedicated to My wife of 32 years Katrien; My children Cor, Alet, and Kobie; and My mother.
Mechanisms accounting for the effects of mutually responsive orientation (MRO) at 7, 15, and 25 months in 102 mother–child and father–child dyads on child internalization and self-regulation at 52 months were examined. Two mediators at 38... more
Mechanisms accounting for the effects of mutually responsive orientation (MRO) at 7, 15, and 25 months in 102 mother–child and father–child dyads on child internalization and self-regulation at 52 months were examined. Two mediators at 38 months were tested: parental power assertion and child self-representation. For mother–child relationships, the causal pathway involving power assertion was supported for both outcomes. Diminished power assertion fully mediated beneficial effect of mother–child MRO on internalization and partially mediated its effect on self-regulation. For father–child relationships, MRO predicted self-regulation, but the mediational paths were unsupported. Paternal power assertion correlated negatively with both outcomes but was not a mediator. Although MRO with both parents correlated with child self-representation, and it correlated with self-regulation, this mediational path was unsupported.
PurposeThe purpose of this research is twofold; firstly, to propose and test a measuring instrument for the efficient and effective integration of management systems (MSs), identifying the particular aspects that may distinguish the... more
PurposeThe purpose of this research is twofold; firstly, to propose and test a measuring instrument for the efficient and effective integration of management systems (MSs), identifying the particular aspects that may distinguish the substantive (internalized) from the superficial (ceremonial) integration; and secondly, to propose and test a scale for corporate sustainability performance (CSP).Design/methodology/approachA literature review has identified pertinent variables and yielded relevant measuring items. A field survey has been conducted. The survey instrument has been administered to Greek organizations certified to two or more MS standards. Collected data from 280 respondents has been processed using exploratory factor analysis.FindingsInternalization has been identified as the main construct to interpret substantial MS integration in terms of resources and the extent of integration. The extracted internalization factors are human resources, strategic resources, information ...
The internationalization of family firms has become an important field of economic research, which could be addressed from different theoretical approaches. In all of them, historical perspective is a very useful tool, since a long-term... more
The internationalization of family firms has become an important field of economic research, which could be addressed from different theoretical approaches. In all of them, historical perspective is a very useful tool, since a long-term approach allows a deeper understanding of the internationalization process and their geographic, economic and social implications. The purpose of this work is to analyze the processes of internationalization followed by family firms, with an emphasis on factors linked to them which favor their success in the global markets. In particular, we present a historical analysis of three relevant family firms in the world cork business history; first, the Reynolds family firm, which is a paradigm of commercial success in the cork business until the last quarter of the nineteenth century, and of failure thereafter; second, the Mundet & Sons company, which, despite having become a leading company in the world cork business, is also a paradigmatic example of failure because of its final outcome in the 1980s; and third, Corticeira Amorim, an example of success and leadership in the international market since the mid twentieth century to today.
Because of their religious and existential appeal, Judah Ha-Levi and Baya ibn Paquda are studied in circles otherwise opposed to the study of philosophy. Ha-Levi emphasizes correct actions, whereas Baya emphasizes intention and... more
Because of their religious and existential appeal, Judah Ha-Levi and Baya ibn Paquda are studied in circles otherwise opposed to the study of philosophy. Ha-Levi emphasizes correct actions, whereas Baya emphasizes intention and internalization. Diana Lobel shows how both thinkers adopted Islamic, especially Sufi, terms and ideas, but adapted them to their Jewish context, thus exemplifying Wolfson's notion of "repercussions" rather than one-way "influences." Her Quest for God and the Good contains broad scholarship but goes beyond it to the multi-cultural philosophical search over the ages for the truth and the good life.
Analysis of errors in students' original writing revealed significant shortfalls in grammatical ability in key areas even though the students are capable of demonstrating competence in routine textbook style exercises. There was a... more
Analysis of errors in students' original writing revealed significant shortfalls in grammatical ability in key areas even though the students are capable of demonstrating competence in routine textbook style exercises. There was a clear relationship between the topic chosen and the number and range of errors. The results suggest that while more grammatical instruction is required, the structures may be