Lead Poisoning Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

It is essential for children suffering from or at risk of lead poisoning to have regular follow-up, and specifically for their blood lead (Pb) levels to be monitored. The present study assessed the occurrence of late follow-up testing of... more

It is essential for children suffering from or at risk of lead poisoning to have regular follow-up, and specifically for their blood lead (Pb) levels to be monitored. The present study assessed the occurrence of late follow-up testing of blood lead levels in children in Greater Paris, and factors related to such delays. Since 1992, the SSSIILF has been systematically recording data on lead levels in blood tests conducted for screening and follow-up in Greater Paris. For Pb greater or equal to 45 microg/dL (Group 4), a further blood lead test has to be done within three weeks. For levels of 25 microg/dL < or = Pb < 45 microg/dL (Group 3) and 10 microg/dL < or = Pb < 25 microg/dL (Group 2), a second test must be done within 6 months. For Pb less than 10 microg/dL combined with one or more risk factors (Group 1: children at risk of poisoning), a second test is required within 6 to 12 months. Children aged 1 to 6 years who were screened between 1992 and 2002 were selected. T...

Daniel Renfrew's Life Without Lead: Contamination, Crisis, and Hope in Uruguay (2018) is a masterful undertaking on the anthropology of disaster and its everydayness. An ethnographic portrayal that is prismatic in its attention, the book... more

Daniel Renfrew's Life Without Lead: Contamination, Crisis, and Hope in Uruguay (2018) is a masterful undertaking on the anthropology of disaster and its everydayness. An ethnographic portrayal that is prismatic in its attention, the book combines numerous elements-place, civic performance, history, political economy-to bear on the lead poisoning epidemic in Montevideo, Uruguay at the turn of the 21 st century. The epidemic disproportionally affected

1. Recent national and international policy initiatives have aimed to reduce the exposure of humans and wildlife to lead from ammunition. Despite restrictions, in the UK, lead ammunition remains the most widespread source of environmental... more

1. Recent national and international policy initiatives have aimed to reduce the exposure of humans and wildlife to lead from ammunition. Despite restrictions, in the UK, lead ammunition remains the most widespread source of environmental lead contamination to which wildlife may be exposed. 2. The risks arising from the use of lead ammunition and the measures taken to mitigate these have prompted intense and sometimes acrimonious discussion between stakeholder groups, including those advancing the interests of shooting, wildlife conservation, public health and animal welfare. 3. However, relatively little is known of the perspectives of individual ammunition users, despite their role in adding lead to the environment and their pivotal place in any potential changes to practice. Using Q-methodology, we identified the perspectives of ammunition users in the UK on lead ammunition in an effort to bring forward evidence from these key stakeholders. 4. Views were characterised by two stat...

Environmental lead is a toxic substance that is affecting the growth and development of 3 to 4 million U.S. preschool children today, with effects ranging from learning disabilities to death. This review of environmental lead sources and... more

Environmental lead is a toxic substance that is affecting the growth and development of 3 to 4 million U.S. preschool children today, with effects ranging from learning disabilities to death. This review of environmental lead sources and effects on children provides a background for comprehensive prevention of childhood lead exposure. Prevention strategies at the child, family, and community levels allow for widespread protection of child health and development. Prevention begins with an understanding of the person-environment-occupation framework for the factors that contribute to children at risk for lead exposure. An open system model is presented with specific interventions at the child, family, and community levels, providing innovative, integrated contributions by occupational therapy practitioners for lead exposure prevention and health promotion of children who have been exposed to environmental lead.

We investigated the relationships between lead shot ingestion, grit size selection, bill morphology, and diet in a community of 8 duck species and common coot (Fulica atra) wintering in the Ebro Delta, Spain. There were no intraspecific... more

We investigated the relationships between lead shot ingestion, grit size selection, bill morphology, and diet in a community of 8 duck species and common coot (Fulica atra) wintering in the Ebro Delta, Spain. There were no intraspecific differences related to sex or age in grit composition, lead shot, and rice-grain ingestion. Strong interspecific differences were recorded for all these variables and for the density of bill lamellae. The proportion of grit of size >1 mm (especially >2-3 mm) was positively correlated with the prevalence of lead shot ingestion, as well as with rice ingestion. Rice ingestion was also positively correlated with the prevalence of lead shot ingestion. Those duck species feeding on rice had larger grit and higher prevalences of lead shot than herbivorous species. Contrary to the predictions of a straining model for food or grit ingestion, lamellar density did not explain interspecific differences in grit selection, rice ingestion, or prevalence of lead shot ingestion. These findings contradict previous claims in the literature, and suggest that mechanisms other than straining are used by ducks for grit selection and lead shot ingestion.

We measured the amount of lead released from 14 different brands of candles with metal-core wicks sold in Michigan. The emissions of lead were found to range from 0.5 to 66 microg/h, and the rates for zinc were from 1.2 to 124 microg/h.... more

We measured the amount of lead released from 14 different brands of candles with metal-core wicks sold in Michigan. The emissions of lead were found to range from 0.5 to 66 microg/h, and the rates for zinc were from 1.2 to 124 microg/h. It is estimated that burning four of the candles bought in Michigan for 2 h can result in airborne lead concentrations that can pose a threat to human health. In addition to inhalation of lead in the air, children get exposed to lead in candle fumes deposited on the floor, furniture and walls through their hand-to-mouth activity. Burning candles with leaded-core wick may be an important exposure route for lead that has generally been ignored.

Gunshot wounds remain a major clinical problem, with the number of nonfatal gunshot wounds reported as 60,000 to 80,000 per year in the United States. Bone or joint injuries comprise a major portion of gunshot wound injuries. It is... more

Gunshot wounds remain a major clinical problem, with the number of nonfatal gunshot wounds reported as 60,000 to 80,000 per year in the United States. Bone or joint injuries comprise a major portion of gunshot wound injuries. It is paramount for orthopaedic surgeons to be thorough in their treatment of patients with these injuries. Intra-articular injuries remain a source of significant clinical morbidity because of joint stiffness, arthritis, and the risk of infection. Treatment of long-bone fractures is a challenging clinical problem, and further studies are needed to investigate modern treatment methods. Lead toxicity is a potential risk for patients with gunshot injuries, particular for those with joint injuries. The clinician's recognition of the signs and symptoms of lead toxicity is important to achieve the best care for these patients.

A rapid, selective, and sensitive LC-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for quantification of lansoprazole (LZ) in human plasma using esomeprazole as an internal standard (IS). The analyte and IS were extracted by single... more

A rapid, selective, and sensitive LC-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for quantification of lansoprazole (LZ) in human plasma using esomeprazole as an internal standard (IS). The analyte and IS were extracted by single solvent liquid-liquid extraction using tert-Butyl methyl ether and separated by isocratic elution on C18 analytical column with 90:10 v/v acetonitrile, and 20 mM ammonium acetate (flow rate of 1 mL/min) as the mobile phase in the positive ion mode. Selected Reaction Monitoring transitions for LZ, internal standard and their daughter ion were observed at 369, 346, 252, and 198 m/z, respectively. The lower limit of quantification was 3.997 ng/mL and total run time for the analysis was 1.2 minutes. Linear calibration was observed in the range of 3.997 ng/mL to 2002.5 ng/mL. The method was validated for its selectivity, stability, accuracy, precision, and recovery.

Resumen Al plomo, metal pesado grisáceo y ubicuo, se le ha encontrado en lugares tan inverosímiles como los hielos fósiles de Groenlandia. Egipcios y hebreos lo usaron. Los fenicios c. 2000 AC trabajaron menas de plomo en España. Al final... more

Resumen Al plomo, metal pesado grisáceo y ubicuo, se le ha encontrado en lugares tan inverosímiles como los hielos fósiles de Groenlandia. Egipcios y hebreos lo usaron. Los fenicios c. 2000 AC trabajaron menas de plomo en España. Al final del s XX, en países ...

Introduction: Work with lead is a universal industrial problem, especially when done without labor hygiene approach. Lead Peruvian's mining and metallurgy maintains good quality programs for management of occupational health, but... more

Introduction: Work with lead is a universal industrial problem, especially when done without labor hygiene approach. Lead Peruvian's mining and metallurgy maintains good quality programs for management of occupational health, but informal Peruvian industry does not. Objectives: To determine the actual heath status of handicraft and informal batteries factories workers using blood lead levels as exposition indicators. Design: Observational and

Lead poisoning of animals due to ingestion of fragments from lead-based ammunition in carcasses and offal of shot wildlife is acknowledged globally and raises great concerns about potential behavioral effects leading to increased... more

Lead poisoning of animals due to ingestion of fragments from lead-based ammunition in carcasses and offal of shot wildlife is acknowledged globally and raises great concerns about potential behavioral effects leading to increased mortality risks. Lead levels in blood were correlated with progress of the moose hunting season. Based on analyses of tracking data, we found that even sublethal lead concentrations in blood (25 ppb, wet weight), can likely negatively affect movement behavior (flight height and movement rate) of free-ranging scavenging Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos). Lead levels in liver of recovered post-mortem analyzed eagles suggested that sublethal exposure increases the risk of mortality in eagles. Such adverse effects on animals are probably common worldwide and across species, where game hunting with lead-based ammunition is widespread. Our study highlights lead exposure as a considerably more serious threat to wildlife conservation than previously realized and suggests implementation of bans of lead ammunition for hunting.