MPPT method for photovoltaic Research Papers (original) (raw)

- by
- •
- Photovoltaics, Literature Review, Solar Power, MPPT method for photovoltaic

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is necessary for photovoltaic (PV) systems to collect the maximum photovoltaic array power under variations in the insolation and temperature. This paper presents an artificial neural controller for maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic system based on back- propagation algorithm. The tracking algorithm changes the duty cycle of the DC-DC converter so that PV module voltage equals the voltage corresponding to the MPPT at any given insolation level and temperature conditions.

Ce papier a pour objectif de valoriser une nouvelle technique MPPM (MPPT) pour extraire le maximum de puissance générer par le panneau photovoltaïque. L’environnement Proteus est utilisé pour implémenter et simuler la nouvelle approche MPPM grâce à la carte Arduino UNO et un afficheur LCD. Les résultats de simulation prouvent la meilleure performance de notre commande MPPM par rapport à les deux traditionnelles techniques P&O et INC de dépister le point de puissance maximale PPM sous des conditions de changement brusque de l’éclairement solaire.

Thermoelectric generation technology is considered to be one of the viable methods to convert waste heat energy directly into electricity. The utilization of this technology has been impeded due to low energy conversion efficiency. This paper aims to improve the energy conversion efficiency of the thermoelectric generator (TEG) model with a novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique. A variable fractional order fuzzy logic controller (VFOFLC)-based MPPT technique is proposed in the present work in which the operating point of the TEG is moved quickly towards an optimal position to increase the energy harvesting. The fraction order term α, introduced in the MPPT algorithm, will expand or contract the input domain of the fuzzy logic controller (FLC to shorten the tracking time and maintain a steady-state output around the maximum power point (MPP). The performance of the proposed MPPT technique was verified with the TEG model by simulation using MATLAB /SIMULINK software. Then, the overall performance of the VFOFLC-based MPPT technique was analyzed and compared with Perturb and observe (P&O) and incremental resistance (INR)-based MPPT techniques. The obtained results confirm that the proposed MPPT technique can improve the energy conversion efficiency of the TEG by harvesting the maximum power within a shorter time and maintaining a steady-state output when compared to other techniques.

This paper is aimed at harvesting the photovoltaic systems extracting power under difficult irradiance and load conditions, by proposing a novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT). This proposed MPPT tactic has been examined under various climatic and load conditions using two powerful and accurate simulation environments for PV systems, MATLAB/Simulink and Proteus. The first implementation using the MATLAB/Simulink software was carried out to examine the performance of the novel MPPT tactic under sudden insolation and load change, where the second implementation using the Proteus software was carried out in order to prove that the novel MPPT tactic can be easily implemented using low-cost components, Arduino board, and LCD display. The simulation results prove that the novel MPPT tactic has a high convergence speed to locate the MPP, especially at fast solar irradiation and load variation with zero oscillation under steady-state operation, which takes less than 9.6 milliseconds (m...

Photovoltaic (PV) system isa renewable form of energy, using direct sunlight and converting it into electrical power PV cells which are coupled as an array to generate usable electrical energy constitute the most critical parts of this system. Electronic converters are required to transform the output of system current &voltage into an appropriate form if consider the situation of system load & its requirements. The electronic converter more typically employed is a DC-DC converter with a solar cell low voltage generating high voltage. This paper looks at the DC/DC converters & PV system with references to both cases: the first case is, The design of the system as a loop system closed in the first case because the system's scenario is dependent on an different types of algorithm separately for MPPT, that captures the sunlight higher amount to produce the highest optimized electrical power. Although the system was created with MPPT in mind, the simulation was carried out with different a controller such as P&O, PSO, Inc and fuzzy logic. The simulation& execution results for such instances are shown to demonstrate the ability of o/p voltage to return to steady-state if the input voltage impact changed. There is also evidence of a brief settling time & overshoot in the output voltage return and comparative result shown that PSO and fuzzy algorithm found accepted results means best result compassion with the existing algorithm. This optimization was carried out with the assistance of MATLAB 2018(a)

- by IAEME Publication
- •
- DC to DC Converter, MPPT method for photovoltaic, Pv System, Hill Climbing

The variability of photovoltaic (PV) energy because of atmospheric conditions dependency necessitates employing a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique in the installed PV systems. So in this paper, finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) is used to extract the maximum power from the PV source using a boost converter as interfacing circuit. The proposed technique combines FCS-MPC with an extended Kalman filter (EKF) to reduce the number of required sensors. The EKF is used to estimate both of the PV current and the capacitor voltage. This eliminates two sensors circuits from the PV system, which decreases the system cost. The proposed technique is validated by simulation results under different operating conditions.

The real implementation of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controllers for the photovoltaic (PV) systems is still a big challenge for researchers working in this field. Often, they use simulation tools to assess the performance of their MPPT algorithms before actual implementation. In this context, this paper aims to propose a trusted simulation of a PV system designed under Proteus software. The proposed PV simulator can be used to verify and evaluate the performance of MPPT algorithms with a closer approximation to the real implementation. The main advantage of this model that it contains a real microcontroller, as can be found in reality, so that same code for the MPPT algorithm used in the simulation will be used in real implementation. In contrast, when using (Powersim Software) PSIM or Matlab/Simulink, the code of the algorithm must be rewritten once the real experiment begins, because these tools don't provide a microcontroller or an electronic board in which our algorithm can be implemented and tested in the same way as the real experiment. After this section, a modified Hill-Climbing (HC) algorithm is introduced. The proposed algorithm can avoid the drift problem posed by conventional HC under a fast variation in insolation. The simulation results show that this method presents good performance in terms of efficiency (99.21%) and response time (10 ms), which improved by 1.2% and 70 ms respectively compared to the conventional HC algorithm.

- by Saâd Motahhir and +1
- •
- MPPT method for photovoltaic

This paper presents the implementation of a photovoltaic model using Matlab software, which can be representative of PV cell module, and array for easy use on simulation. The proposed model is designed with a user-friendly icon and a dialog box like Simulink block libraries. This makes the PV model easily simulated and analyzed in conjunction with power electronics for a maximum power point tracker.

- by IJEEE APM and +1
- •
- Photovoltaics, Matlab, Photovoltaic Solar Cells, Solar Energy

This paper analyzes two maximum power point
tracking (MPPT) converter topologies that are part of an
interface converter for the integration of photovoltaics (PV) in
the grid. Two different MPPT converter topologies (boost
converter and quasi-Z-Source (qZS) converter) were selected and compared. Theoretical comparison includes an analysis of
regulations for obtaining continuous source current and
comparison of necessary parameters of the reactive elements of the systems.
270 W experimental prototypes of both converters were built
and experimentally compared. Theoretical and experimental
efficiency estimation is proposed and discussed. Also, the losses in diodes and MOSFETS are evaluated taking into account technical data from datasheets

- by Janis Zakis
- •
- MPPT method for photovoltaic, MPPT, Boost Converter, Dc-Dc Boost Converter

The control and operation of electronic systems
relies and depends on the availability of the power supply.
Rechargeable batteries have been more pervasively used as
the energy storage and power source for various electrical and electronic systems and devices, such as communication
systems, electronic devices, renewable power systems, electric vehicles, etc. However, the rechargeable batteries are
subjected to the availability of the external power source when it is drained out. Because of the concern of battery life,
environmental pollution and a possible energy crisis, the
renewable solar energy has received an increasing attention
in recent years. A fuzzy logic control based grid tied
uninterruptible power supply integrating renewable solar
energy can be used for electrical and electronic systems to
produce power generation. This paper presents the design and implementation of fuzzy logic control based grid tied
uninterruptible power supply integrating the renewable solar power energy system. The uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system is characterized by the rechargeable battery that is connected with the Photovoltaic Panel through the DC/DC converter, the utility AC through the AC/DC converter and the load is connected through the DC/AC converter. The whole operation is controlled by the fuzzy logic algorithm. A complete hardware prototype system model of the fuzzy logic control based on the grid tied uninterruptible power supply integrating with the renewable solar energy is designed and implemented. The operation and effectiveness of the proposed system is then demonstrated by the actual and real-time implementation of the fuzzy logic control grid tied operation
uninterruptible power supply integrating renewable solar
energy connected to the rechargeable battery bank and a PIC
microcontroller platform for fuzzy logic control and operation.

- by Mohamed Gomaa
- •
- Engineering, Physical sciences, MPPT FUZZY CONTROLLER, MPPT method for photovoltaic

- by Mohamed Gomaa
- •
- Engineering, Physical sciences, MPPT FUZZY CONTROLLER, MPPT method for photovoltaic

This work is aimed at achieving a simple and reduced-cost configuration of photovoltaic (PV) water pumping system (PVWPS) using an induction motor with high efficiency. The proposed PV system is composed of two stages of converters which the first one ensures the maximum power point by controlling the duty ratio of boost converter using variable step size incremental conductance (VSS INC) technique. Fuzzy logic control based on direct torque control is proposed to serve the purpose of operating an induction motor. Moreover, the combining of these proposed control strategies has been never discussed. The proposed control scheme is modeled and simulated in detail under MATLAB/Simulink software to evaluate its performance under fast variations of irradiance and daily climatic profile. The obtained simulation results using the suggested control strategies are compared to those using the most used method in the literature (variable step size perturb and observe (VSS P&O) algorithm). The simulation results indicate that the proposed PVWPS performed best in terms of the time of response; pumped water, flux ripples, and the stator currents are reduced.

- by Saâd Motahhir
- •
- Solar Energy, MPPT method for photovoltaic

This paper describes a general model of photovoltaic module. It can be used in all studies and researches that focus on photovoltaic generator. The main advantage of this model is its using the general specification of the module which included in the datasheet.
The suggested model was used for creating a simulator. LABView software package was used for building the simulator unlike most previous papers in this field.
LABView is a simulation environment; also it can be used for building emulator using Hardware-in-loop concept, or full practical application.
The simulator has been tested on the photovoltaic module (Shell SP150-PC Photovoltaic Solar Module), the module was studied and its properties were found. The result of simulator and discussed mathematical modeling was very accurate. The maximum error is little than 1%. So, it is acceptable to use in various studies and researches of photovoltaic energy.

- by Ayman Idris
- •
- Photovoltaics, Modeling and Simulation, LabVIEW, MPPT method for photovoltaic

Maximizing the power point tracking of photovoltaic
systems is currently the purpose of several researches in the
context of renewable energies improvement. In this work we
optimize and enhance the maximum power point tracking
algorithm based on fuzzy logic controller. Our approach focuses
on determining the maximum power point in a minimal time in
order to get the lowest possible energy loss. The fuzzy logic
controller presented in this work provide fast response and good
performance against the climatic and load change and uses
directly the DC/DC converter duty cycle as a control parameter.
After establishing our algorithm, we have performed a
comparative study with the classical algorithm used most perturb
and observe in various operating conditions. The simulation
results using MATLAB/Simulink show that fuzzy logic controller
provides better tracking compared to Perturb and observe despite
the climatic change (solar insolation and temperature).

- by Anass Ait Laachir
- •
- Control Systems Engineering, Photovoltaics, Renewable Energy, Fuzzy Logic
- by Pramudya Widyantoro
- •
- Arduino, Solar Energy, Solar PV, MPPT method for photovoltaic

This paper provides a smart photovoltaic (PV) inverter control strategy. The proposed controllers are the PV-side controller to track the maximum power output of the PV array and the grid-side controller to control the active and reactive power delivered to the electric grid through the inverter. A Volt-VAR regulator is proposed for controlling the reactive power exchange with the grid according to the voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC). The gains of the proposed proportional-integral (PI) controllers are optimized using a genetic algorithm (GA) via adaptive online tuning. The control methodology is then tested to a 33-bus radial distribution network under MATLAB/SimPowerSystem environment to prove the validity of the proposed control methodology and to analyze the interactions between the PV-based distributed generation (DG) and the power network. The optimal control of PV inverters demonstrated that the optimized Volt-VAR control strategy is both efficient and effective. The optimization of the PI controller parameters resulted in a good dynamic response under varying climatic conditions. The proposed control method enables the most efficient utilization of PV-DG systems by extracting maximum power and contributing to grid voltage support.

Telecommunication Networks have changed the way people live, work and play. Due to the massive demand of broadband services, the power solutions is an urgent requirement which are provided to these stations and networks through the use of grid electricity, conventional energy and alternative energy sources. In the urban areas, telecommunication network can be powered through the use of grid electricity, however, in rural areas grid electricity is not available or is available in few stations only and the use of conventional energy is costly as well. This paper gives an overview of existing power network of Base Transreceiver Station (BTS) of Nepal Telecom (NT) and present technical and economic assessment for proper selection of technologies on Diesel Generator (DG), hybrid DG/Battery and hybrid Photovoltaic PV/DG/Battery as a backup power supply in the urban areas, and hybrid PV/Wind with Battery backup, PV with Battery backup and PV with FuelCell/Electrolyzer/Battery backup in the rural areas.

- by Subodh Paudel
- •
- Renewable Energy, Wind Energy, Fuel Cells, MPPT method for photovoltaic

Nevojat tona energjetike tashmë dihen se janë tepër të larta dhe po përparojnë me hapa gjigandë. Një nga "problemet" e mëdha të njerëzimit është energjia dhe njerëzit po kërkojnë për të jetuar një jetë më të mirë në një mjedis të pastër.Duke marrë parasysh këtë çështje janë bërë hulumtime dhe projekte në fushën e energjisë së rinovueshme.Shëndrruesi statik vazhduar-alternativ(DC-AC)punon me këto elemente:Panele diellore (fotovoltaike),bateri, rregullator ngarkimi. Qëllimi i projektit është shëndrrimi i rrymës së vazhduar DC në rrymë alternative AC për furnizimin e llambave. Projekti është për qëllimin e vetëm për të siguruar dritë në vendet ku nuk ka energji elektrike dhe mund të furnizohet nga çdo burim që ka tension 12 volt me shpenzime shumë të vogla.

- by Bujar Dalipi
- •
- Free Space Optics, MPPT method for photovoltaic
- by Yury Petrenko and +1
- •
- Control Systems Engineering, Fuzzy Logic, MPPT method for photovoltaic

This paper proposes a modification in the
maximum power point tracking (MPPT) by using model
predictive control (MPC). The modification scheme of the
MPPT control is based on the perturb and observe algorithm
(P&O). This modified control is implemented on the dc-dc
multilevel boost converter (MLBC) to increase the response of
the controller to extract the maximum power from the
photovoltaic (PV) module and to boost a small dc voltage of it.
The total system consisting of a PV model, a MLBC and the
modified MPPT has been analyzed and then simulated with
changing the solar radiation and the temperature. The
proposed control scheme is implemented under program
MA TLAB/SIMULINK and the obtained results are validated
with real time simulation using dSPACE 1103 ControlDesk.
The real time simulation results have been provided for
principle validation.

- by Jubaer Ahmed
- •
- Photovoltaics, Solar Power, Cuckoo Search, MPPT method for photovoltaic

The aim of this study is to conduct a literature review of the different Maximum Power Point Tracking techniques (MPPT) for photovoltaic systems, and identify the most suitable method for a domestic (low power) photovoltaic installation.
The characteristics of each method are identified and classified into two main groups, namely: iterative methods, and analytical methods. The advantages of each method in relation to the others are discussed, under which conditions they have a better performance and which one allows to extract the most power from the photovoltaic system in all the different scenarios that may arise. Then, two of the most representative analytical methods are chosen, along with the most representative of the iterative methods as counterpart. These are tested by two types of simulations, consisting of changes in atmospheric conditions. Firstly, a simulation of a step perturbation (irradiance and temperature) is run and then a simulation of a continuous change with a ramp perturbation (temperature), based on the European Standard EN 50530. This is done in the simulation software, PLECS from Plexim.
Finally, the results from the simulations are compared, and according to the efficiency presented, the advantages and disadvantages, and the conditions under which they perform better, the most suitable MPPT method for a domestic photovoltaic system is chosen, which turns out to be the Temperature Gradient method. This method has the highest efficiency among the simulated MPPT methods, and its increased complexity is only one extra temperature sensor.
A secondary objective is to evaluate the simulation software PLECS, in terms of its ability to simulate photovoltaic systems. The software turns out to be deficient in this matter due to the lack of a photovoltaic module block. So an alternative method has to be used, and it depends on other software for this.

A survey of the algorithms for seeking the maximum power point (MPP) is proposed. As has been shown, there are many ways of distinguishing and grouping methods that seek the MPP from a photovoltaic (PV) generator. However, in this article... more

- by Vicente Salas
- •
- MPPT method for photovoltaic

One of major problems related with PV-applications
is common mode currents. The issue can be solved in two
ways: galvanic decoupling of AC-grid and chopping the
common mode currents by additional actively controlled
circuitry. Flyback converter is good solution for MPPT
tracking for PV-modules up to 100-150 W with galvanic
decoupling. The problem of designing of this type of converter
is that most of design guides and literature is dedicated to
consumer electronics applications. MPPT converter design
have different starting points of calculations. The paper
contains the suggested approaches to the calculations, design
recommendations, considering the specific nature of PVsources
and NOCT model of PV-module.
The approach calculations, design guidelines, recommendations
and simulation of power electronics part of MPPT
converter and experimental results with implemented circuit
are presented and discussed. In order to increase the efficiency
during tests the circuit was upgraded with active clamp. After
the tests active clamp was upgraded to the forward active
clamp topology. The efficiencies and key waveforms of voltages
are compared and analyzed.

A maximum power point tracker is required to improve the power conversion efficiency of the solar photovoltaic generation system (PVGS) and ensure maximum power transfer from panel to the load through continually matching their internal resistances. In this study, an improved fixed step-size perturb and observe (P&O) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) has been proposed and analysed using MATLAB/Simulink. Duty cycle () was used to control the DC-DC boost converter's switching signal in the system configuration. Several key performance indicators to evaluate the suitability of the proposed algorithm were tested. It was found that the algorithm has excellent tracking efficiency above 99% and is capable of tracking the maximum power point (MPP) correctly at a lower time interval. The overall efficiency of the system is remarkably good, with a value higher than 97%. The proposed algorithm is, therefore, appropriate for photovoltaic (PV) applications.

This paper proposes a method to improve the efficiency of the P&O maximum power point tracker (MPPT) by reducing the steady state oscillation and eliminating the possibility of the algorithm to lose its tracking direction. A dynamic perturbation step-size is employed to reduce the oscillation, while boundary conditions are introduced to prevent it from diverging away from the MPP. To prove its effectiveness, the proposed P&O is compared with the conventional and adaptive P&O using the Ropp, sinusoidal and ramp irradiance tests. In addition, the performances are evaluated based on a one-day (10 h) irradiance and temperature profile. The algorithm is implemented on a buck-boost converter and benchmarked by the standard MPPT efficiency (ηMPPT) calculation. It was found that, for all the tests, the ηMPPT of the proposed P&O scheme is increased by approximately two percentage points. Besides, the proposed algorithm does not require any extra hardware components; only several lines of additional software codes are to be embedded into the conventional P&O MPPT control program

An improved algorithm for MTPA (Maximum Torque Per Ampere) and Field Weakening operation which is suitable for implementation with Field Oriented Control, has been proposed for the Synchronous Reluctance motor (SynRel) for high dynamic performance. The proposed method overcomes the problem of excessive current flow into the machine while generating the d-axis and q-axis current commands independently. At the same time to operate the inverter in the linear modulation region (0≤m≤1) to minimize the output torque ripple. The proposed method helps to attain MTPA operation below the base speed to operate with the rated load and a fast speed response in Field Weakening mode. The validity and efficacy of the proposed algorithm is verified by simulation in MATLAB and SIMULINK.

- by Md. Arifur Rahman
- •
- Power System, Green Energy, Solar Energy, Solar PV

Le cours comprend les bases théoriques et les directives relatives aux différentes phases de la réalisation d’une centrale photovoltaïque. La présente publication sert de document didactique de base et comprend également certains «outils... more

Le cours comprend les bases théoriques et les directives relatives aux
différentes phases de la réalisation d’une centrale photovoltaïque. La
présente publication sert de document didactique de base et comprend
également certains «outils » de travail qui faciliteront la mise
en oeuvre d’un projet:

- by Anass Ait Laachir
- •
- Photovoltaics, MPPT method for photovoltaic, Boost Converter

Currently, generating electricity by solar energy is inefficient and costly. The energy extracted from a solar photovoltaic depends on solar insolation. For the extraction of maximum energy from the sun, the plane of a solar collector should always be normal to the incident radiation. In this graduation project, we seek to improve the solar system efficiency by designing and implementing an automatic solar tracking systems which will keep the solar panel aligned with the sun in order to maximize solar power extraction. This system tracks the maximum intensity of light by adjusting the solar panel to be normal to the incident light. This sun tracker system uses two light dependent resistors as sensors element to find the brightest point in the sky. The data and signal processing of light sensors are performed by a microcontroller based system which controls a rotating DC Motor. Performance of this system over the important parameters like solar radiation received on the collector, maximum hourly electrical power, efficiency gain, short circuit current, and open circuit voltage has been evaluated and compared with those for fixed tilt angle solar collector.

- by Abdulmajid Murad
- •
- Photovoltaics, Renewable Energy, Photovoltaic Solar Cells, Solar Energy

The first objective of this work is to determine some of the performance parameters characterizing the behavior of a particular photovoltaic (PV) panels that are not normally provided in the manufacturers' specifications. These provide the basis for developing a simple model for the electrical behavior of the PV panel. Next, using this model, the effects of varying solar irradiation, temperature, series and shunt resistances, and partial shading on the output of the PV panel are presented. In addition, the PV panel model is used to configure a large photovoltaic array. Next, a boost converter for the PV panel is designed. This converter is put between the panel and the load in order to control it by means of a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller. The MPPT used is based on incremental conductance (INC), and it is demonstrated here that this technique does not respond accurately when solar irradiation is increased. To investigate this, a modified incremental conductance technique is presented in this paper. It is shown that this system does respond accurately and reduces the steady-state oscillations when solar irradiation is increased. Finally, simulations of the conventional and modified algorithm are compared, and the results show that the modified algorithm provides an accurate response to a sudden increase in solar irradiation.

Renewable energy has a noticeable and increasing impact on daily life, as they are an important means of renewing energy resources. Therefore, their practical applications are increasing every day, and solar energy is the most important source of renewable energy. Modern technologies offer clean ways to collect energy from solar radiation. To optimize the investment of PV systems, research is being conducted into the possibility of improving the efficiency of these systems, starting from manufacturing processes and improving the quality of raw materials, as this requires expensive technologies and equipment, and efficiency can be improved during investment. Solar tracking is the most important technology for increasing the efficiency of solar systems during their investment, and it is classified into two categories. The first category is mechanical solar tracking, i.e. moving the photovoltaic panels to track the position of the sun so that the incoming solar rays are organized on the surface of the solar panels, as solar radiation is the most important factor in the processes of solar energy conversion and improving the solar system's return. The second category is electronic tracking, that is, chasing the output point of the maximum PV system and making use of all the energy available in the PV.
The objective of this research was to study the photovoltaic devices, mechanically tracking solar radiation and performing practical measurements on the performing system, as well as modelling and simulation of the maximum power point tracking system and comparing the results.
The best results appeared in the research in the case of merging the two systems of mechanical tracking and the maximum power point-tracking, followed by the results of the photovoltaic system equipped with mechanical tracking, then the results of the photovoltaic system with the tracking of the maximum power point.

- by Mohamad Hamoud
- •
- Renewable Energy, Solar Energy, Master's Thesis, Master Degree

The book is organized through seven chapters. The first chapter is intended as an introduction to the subject. It defines the photovoltaic process, introduces the main meteorological elements, the solar irradiance and presents an overview of PV systems (stand alone systems and grid connected systems). This chapter also includes pre-sizing and maintenance of PV systems.
Chapter 2 focuses on an explicit modeling of solar irradiance and cells. Different models describing the operation and the behavior of the photovoltaic generator are presented. Some programs are given under MATLABTM/SIMULINKTM.
Chapter 3 is devoted to power electronics modeling. The different structures of converters used in PV systems are presented.
In Chap. 4, a detailed review on the most used algorithms to track the maximum power point is presented. Some simple MATLABTM/SIMULINKTM examples aregiven.
In Chap. 5, a description and modeling of the storage device is showed. The study describes a usual battery bank and provides an explicit modeling and experimental scheme of the lead-acid battery.
Chapter 6 fulfils these tasks for a photovoltaic pumping system based on both DC and AC machines. Each component is modeled individually before connecting subsystems for simulation. Several control algorithms such as scalar, vector and direct torque control are well described. In addition, classic optimization algorithms are applied and an analysis of economic feasibility of PV pumping system in comparison with systems using diesel generators is presented. This chapter includes also environmental aspects of PV power pumping system.
The Chap. 7 is devoted to hybrid photovoltaic systems. The chapter describes the different configurations and the different combinations of hybrid PV systems.
Different synoptic schemes and simulation applications are also presented.

- by Anass Ait Laachir
- •
- Photovoltaics, Fuzzy Logic, Renewable Energy Systems, Electric Power Systems

Photovoltaic (PV) technology is rapidly developing for grid-tied applications around the globe. However, the high level PV integration in the distribution networks is tailed with technical challenges. Some technical challenges concerns the stability issues associated with intensive PV penetration into the power system are reviewed in this paper. To mitigate the voltage disturbances in a system with massive PVs integration, some techniques are devoted such as frequency regulation techniques, active power (AP) curtailment, reactive power (RP) injection, and storage energy. Also, with a high penetration level of distributed generators, the potential of dynamic grid support is discussed. Islanding operation and microgrid (MG), operating using different control techniques, which ensure a smooth transition (ST) between grid-connected and islanded operation modes as well as synchronization between the two modes, are discussed.

- by Abderezak Lashab
- •
- Voltage Stability, Solar PV, Energy Storage, MPPT method for photovoltaic
- by Yadunandana Voniyadka
- •
- MPPT method for photovoltaic

This paper presents different Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) methods belonging to different classes as well as two overviews. The first was about the procedures used in the test and evaluation of MPPTs.The second is an overview of Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) MPPTs and improved MPPTs. Conventional MPPTs such as Perturb and Observe (P&O), Hill Climbing (HC) and Incremental Conductance (InCond); Improved MPPTs (are the modified versions of conventional MPPTs) such as Improved Incremental Conductance (Improved-InCond) and intelligent MPPTs such as FLC have been implemented and tested under two different levels of irradiance and temperature. A detailed description about the hardware and software implementation platforms (designed and built in our laboratory) is provided. Based on measured data, the MPPTs under consideration have been evaluated and compared in terms of different criteria, showing the advantages and disadvantages of each one. The comparison results showed that Improved-InCond gives a fast convergence to the MPP (Maximum Power Point). Whereas, FLC is able to adapt to the variation of irradiance and temperature levels. Thereby, a good performance is obtained wherein the MPP is reached in a short time as well as the power ripples are very small.

- by Rachid Boukenoui and +1
- •
- Renewable Energy, Solar Energy, MPPT method for photovoltaic

Many motorized window shades have embedded lithium-ion batteries that are charged by solar energy via photovoltaic (PV) arrays. The complex models of sun irradiance and energy loss through glasses are used to forecast the energy balance for off-grid long term operation. However, the batteries are often depleted due to partial shading and climate change. The paper presents a new method of monitoring the energy balance of those motorized shades via global networks. The battery voltage variations over time are periodically measured to calculate the input solar energy and the motor consumption. The result can inform users to either add more PV arrays or charge battery using a power adaptor before it is completely discharged. It guarantees the continuous operation of motorized shades.

- by bo hu and +2
- •
- Lithium-Ion Battery, MPPT method for photovoltaic

L'objectif de ce travail est de réaliser un modèle de cellules photovoltaïques (PV) dédié à l’enseignement des énergies renouvelables en utilisant le logiciel PSIM. Ce modèle est basé sur les valeurs nominales fournies par le fabricant, à savoir : tension à vide, courant de court-circuit, tension et courant correspondant au point de puissance maximale. Le modèle ainsi obtenu offre la possibilité de mieux rendre compte de l’influence des différentes grandeurs physiques notamment la température, l’irradiation, la résistance en série, la résistance shunt et le courant de saturation de la diode. Après une présentation générale de la chaîne de conversion photovoltaïque, l’article détaille, dans un premier temps, la modélisation d’un panneau photovoltaïque. Dans un deuxième, nous nous intéressons à l’implémentation d’un contrôleur afin de commander le convertisseur DC/DC pour permettre au générateur photovoltaïque de fonctionner à son maximum de puissance (MPP).

- by Saâd Motahhir and +1
- •
- Solar Energy, Solar PV, MPPT method for photovoltaic, Langage C

As photovoltaic (PV) system suffers considerable energy loss due to partial shading (PS), various approaches have been proposed to mitigate this problem. Among these, improving the maximum power point tracker (MPPT) algorithm seems to be the most feasible and economical solution. To date, there appears to be an absence of a single review paper that critically evaluates the performance of various types of MPPT algorithms during PS. To fill this gap, fifty prominent works on PS are analyzed from the theoretical and operational point of view. In particular, the paper will closely address the accurate detection for PS occurrence and the efficiency of global peak tracking. For certain selected cases, in-depth analysis is carried out to allow for an improved understanding on the operational intricacies of the algorithm. It is envisaged that this review paper would be a valuable one-stop reference to enable PV professionals to make more informed decisions when designing or choosing new MPPT algorithms for their inverters.

This paper proposes a technique of intelligent control to track the maximum power point (MPPT) of a photovoltaic system . The PV system is non-linear and it is exposed to external perturbations like temperature and solar irradiation. Fuzzy logic control is known for its stability and robustness. FLC is adopted in this work for the improvement and optimization of control performance of a photovoltaic system. Another technique called perturb and observe (P & O) is studied and compared with the FLC technique. The PV system is constituted of a photovoltaic panel (PV), a DC-DC converter (Boost) and a battery like a load. The simulation results are developed in MATLAB / Simulink software. The results show that the controller based on fuzzy logic is better and faster than the conventional controller perturb and observe (P & O) and gives a good maximum power of a photovoltaic generator under different changes of weather conditions

- by Noureddine Ould Cherchali and +2
- •
- Photovoltaics, Fuzzy Logic Control, MPPT method for photovoltaic, Boost Converter

A new MPPT method for PV systems under non-uniform irradiance conditions is proposed. The proposed MPPT is composed of a novel identifying-loop and a tracking loop. Comparison with three classical MPPTs as well as six global MPPTs is carried out. High capability to extract the GMPP under non-uniform irradiance conditions. Fast convergence and low complexity are the main advantages of the proposed MPPT. a b s t r a c t The paper carries out an experimental investigation of a new Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method for standalone Photovoltaic (PV) systems. The new method combines a novel mechanism of global maximum power point identifying loop when the system undergoes multiple maximum power points and the use of adaptive variable step Hill Climbing (HC) MPPT technique to track the identified Global Maximum Power Point (GMPP). To figure out the advantages of the proposed method, it is implemented together with three local MPPTs (e.g., two conventional MPPTs and fuzzy logic-based one) and compared with six recently developed Global MPPT methods. Obtained experimental results as well as comparison outcomes show that the proposed MPPT technique is fast while tracking GMPP (around 2.4 s) and resilient against perturbations that may occur during the operation of the PV system. Moreover, the proposed MPPT method boasts other advantages such as ease of implementation, no dependence on the PV system and requires only two conventional sensors of voltage and current respectively.

- by Rachid Boukenoui
- •
- Renewable Energy, Solar Energy, MPPT method for photovoltaic
- by Season Ding
- •
- MPPT method for photovoltaic

—This work proposes a method to reduce the steady state oscillation and to mitigate the probability of losing the tracking direction of the perturb and observed (P&O) based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for PV system. The modified scheme retains the conventional P&O structure, but with a unique technique to dynamically alter the perturbation size. At the same time, a dynamic boundary condition is introduced to ensure that the algorithm will not diverge from its tracking locus. The modified P&O is simulated in Matlab Simulink and its performance is benchmarked using the standard MPPT efficiency (ηMPPT) calculation. Furthermore, the proposed concept is validated experimentally using a buck-boost converter, fed by a solar PV array simulator (PVAS). Based on the EN 50530 dynamic irradiance tests, the proposed method achieved an average ηMPPT almost 1.1% higher than the conventional P&O when irradiance changes slowly and about 12% higher under fast change of irradiance.