Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques of solar panels (MPPT) Research Papers (original) (raw)

Ce papier a pour objectif de valoriser une nouvelle technique MPPM (MPPT) pour extraire le maximum de puissance générer par le panneau photovoltaïque. L’environnement Proteus est utilisé pour implémenter et simuler la nouvelle approche MPPM grâce à la carte Arduino UNO et un afficheur LCD. Les résultats de simulation prouvent la meilleure performance de notre commande MPPM par rapport à les deux traditionnelles techniques P&O et INC de dépister le point de puissance maximale PPM sous des conditions de changement brusque de l’éclairement solaire.

Presently so many methods are available for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of solar photovoltaic (PV). There are some constraints like accuracy, ease of implementation, cost and tracking time, which decides the advantages and disadvantages of the particular methodology. In this paper an assessment among the common methods with comparison is given. This helps in further research, in the direction of maximum power point tracking of solar PV.

Thermoelectric generation technology is considered to be one of the viable methods to convert waste heat energy directly into electricity. The utilization of this technology has been impeded due to low energy conversion efficiency. This paper aims to improve the energy conversion efficiency of the thermoelectric generator (TEG) model with a novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique. A variable fractional order fuzzy logic controller (VFOFLC)-based MPPT technique is proposed in the present work in which the operating point of the TEG is moved quickly towards an optimal position to increase the energy harvesting. The fraction order term α, introduced in the MPPT algorithm, will expand or contract the input domain of the fuzzy logic controller (FLC to shorten the tracking time and maintain a steady-state output around the maximum power point (MPP). The performance of the proposed MPPT technique was verified with the TEG model by simulation using MATLAB /SIMULINK software. Then, the overall performance of the VFOFLC-based MPPT technique was analyzed and compared with Perturb and observe (P&O) and incremental resistance (INR)-based MPPT techniques. The obtained results confirm that the proposed MPPT technique can improve the energy conversion efficiency of the TEG by harvesting the maximum power within a shorter time and maintaining a steady-state output when compared to other techniques.

This paper presents simulation and hardware implementation of incremental conductance (IncCond) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) used in solar array power systems with direct control method. The main difference of the proposed system to existing MPPT systems includes elimination of the proportionalintegral control loop and investigation of the effect of simplifying the control circuit. Contributions are made in several aspects of the whole system, including converter design, system simulation, controller programming, and experimental setup. The resultant system is capable of tracking MPPs accurately and rapidly without steady-state oscillation, and also, its dynamic performance is satisfactory. The IncCond algorithm is used to track MPPs because it performs precise control under rapidly changing atmospheric conditions. MATLAB and Simulink were employed for simulation studies, and Code Composer Studio v3.1 was used to program a TMS320F2812 digital signal processor. The proposed system was developed and tested successfully on a photovoltaic solar panel in the laboratory. Experimental results indicate the feasibility and improved functionality of the system.

This paper presents an intelligent control technique for the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of a photovoltaic (PV) system using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) under variable solar irradiation conditions. The MXS 60 PV Module specifications is considered for the analysis and models of solar PV module and a DC/DC Boost converter are developed in MATLA/SIMULINK environment. Initially, an MPPT controller is designed using Perturb and Observe (P&O) method. However, this conventional method cannot track rapid changes in the solar irradiation effectively. Hence, an intelligent controller is designed using ANFIS which draws much energy and fast response under continuously changing operating conditions. The PV module with proposed MPPT controller is analyzed in stand-alone mode. The major disadvantage with PV system is its uncertain and intermittent power output which depends on weather conditions. PV module alone cannot supply reliable power to the isolated load effectively. To overcome this, PV module can be connected to the grid. It serves two purposes; in case of deficit solar irradiation, power can be taken from the grid and when there is surplus irradiation, power can be fed to the grid. In order to predict the power supplied to the load and grid under different operating conditions sensitivity analysis has been carried out for the PV system with designed MPPT controller is simulated using HOMER Pro Software.

This paper analyzes two maximum power point
tracking (MPPT) converter topologies that are part of an
interface converter for the integration of photovoltaics (PV) in
the grid. Two different MPPT converter topologies (boost
converter and quasi-Z-Source (qZS) converter) were selected and compared. Theoretical comparison includes an analysis of
regulations for obtaining continuous source current and
comparison of necessary parameters of the reactive elements of the systems.
270 W experimental prototypes of both converters were built
and experimentally compared. Theoretical and experimental
efficiency estimation is proposed and discussed. Also, the losses in diodes and MOSFETS are evaluated taking into account technical data from datasheets

- by Janis Zakis
- •
- MPPT method for photovoltaic, MPPT, Boost Converter, Dc-Dc Boost Converter

The control and operation of electronic systems
relies and depends on the availability of the power supply.
Rechargeable batteries have been more pervasively used as
the energy storage and power source for various electrical and electronic systems and devices, such as communication
systems, electronic devices, renewable power systems, electric vehicles, etc. However, the rechargeable batteries are
subjected to the availability of the external power source when it is drained out. Because of the concern of battery life,
environmental pollution and a possible energy crisis, the
renewable solar energy has received an increasing attention
in recent years. A fuzzy logic control based grid tied
uninterruptible power supply integrating renewable solar
energy can be used for electrical and electronic systems to
produce power generation. This paper presents the design and implementation of fuzzy logic control based grid tied
uninterruptible power supply integrating the renewable solar power energy system. The uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system is characterized by the rechargeable battery that is connected with the Photovoltaic Panel through the DC/DC converter, the utility AC through the AC/DC converter and the load is connected through the DC/AC converter. The whole operation is controlled by the fuzzy logic algorithm. A complete hardware prototype system model of the fuzzy logic control based on the grid tied uninterruptible power supply integrating with the renewable solar energy is designed and implemented. The operation and effectiveness of the proposed system is then demonstrated by the actual and real-time implementation of the fuzzy logic control grid tied operation
uninterruptible power supply integrating renewable solar
energy connected to the rechargeable battery bank and a PIC
microcontroller platform for fuzzy logic control and operation.

Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is a modified feedback Technique where operating point of power converter connecting source to load is constantly dithered by a small amount. In general, the output impedance of energy harvesting sources varies with input level, temperature, often input frequency, and other parameters. Matching the resulting impedance deterministically is virtually impossible, so a technique called MPPT is developed. This paper presents a literature survey on various techniques used in achieving the Maximum Power Point (MPP) and the algorithms used in it.

- by Kaustubh S Kulkarni
- •
- Renewable Energy, Literature Review, Solar Energy, Solar PV
- by Pramudya Widyantoro
- •
- Arduino, Solar Energy, Solar PV, MPPT method for photovoltaic

This paper provides a smart photovoltaic (PV) inverter control strategy. The proposed controllers are the PV-side controller to track the maximum power output of the PV array and the grid-side controller to control the active and reactive power delivered to the electric grid through the inverter. A Volt-VAR regulator is proposed for controlling the reactive power exchange with the grid according to the voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC). The gains of the proposed proportional-integral (PI) controllers are optimized using a genetic algorithm (GA) via adaptive online tuning. The control methodology is then tested to a 33-bus radial distribution network under MATLAB/SimPowerSystem environment to prove the validity of the proposed control methodology and to analyze the interactions between the PV-based distributed generation (DG) and the power network. The optimal control of PV inverters demonstrated that the optimized Volt-VAR control strategy is both efficient and effective. The optimization of the PI controller parameters resulted in a good dynamic response under varying climatic conditions. The proposed control method enables the most efficient utilization of PV-DG systems by extracting maximum power and contributing to grid voltage support.

- by IJERA Journal
- •
- Control Systems Engineering, Renewable Energy, Control Systems, Boost Converter

-This paper proposes a novel Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control method of thermoelectric power generation for the constant
load. This paper reveals the characteristics and the internal resistance of thermoelectric power module (TM). To control the operating point & to
extract the maximum power from waste heat using TEG is essential as there is a wastage of heat from Industries, automobiles etc. To fix maximum
power point from waste heat, a good number of algorithms has been proposed, one of them is P&O algorithm. Analyzing the thermoelectric power
generation system with boost chopper by P&O Method, the output voltage and current of TM are estimated by with only single current sensor. The
basic principle of the proposed MPPT control method is discussed, and then confirmed by digital computer simulation using Matlab. Simulation
results demonstrate that the output voltage can track the maximum power point voltage by the proposed MPPT control method. The comparative
analysis between P&O and modified Perturb & Observe (P&O) algorithm for extracting the power from thermoelectric array TM is analyzed briefly
below.

The aim of this study is to conduct a literature review of the different Maximum Power Point Tracking techniques (MPPT) for photovoltaic systems, and identify the most suitable method for a domestic (low power) photovoltaic installation.
The characteristics of each method are identified and classified into two main groups, namely: iterative methods, and analytical methods. The advantages of each method in relation to the others are discussed, under which conditions they have a better performance and which one allows to extract the most power from the photovoltaic system in all the different scenarios that may arise. Then, two of the most representative analytical methods are chosen, along with the most representative of the iterative methods as counterpart. These are tested by two types of simulations, consisting of changes in atmospheric conditions. Firstly, a simulation of a step perturbation (irradiance and temperature) is run and then a simulation of a continuous change with a ramp perturbation (temperature), based on the European Standard EN 50530. This is done in the simulation software, PLECS from Plexim.
Finally, the results from the simulations are compared, and according to the efficiency presented, the advantages and disadvantages, and the conditions under which they perform better, the most suitable MPPT method for a domestic photovoltaic system is chosen, which turns out to be the Temperature Gradient method. This method has the highest efficiency among the simulated MPPT methods, and its increased complexity is only one extra temperature sensor.
A secondary objective is to evaluate the simulation software PLECS, in terms of its ability to simulate photovoltaic systems. The software turns out to be deficient in this matter due to the lack of a photovoltaic module block. So an alternative method has to be used, and it depends on other software for this.

This paper covers the implementation of one of the most popular MPPT algorithm, Perturb & Observe Algorithm based on Proportional Integral (PI) Control for a typical PV system under real environmental and climatic condition. The environmental parameters were collected from an experimental setup made of Solar Meter and Temperature sensor to record Solar Irradiation and temperature respectively on a 50Watts Solar panel. The Experimental setup was mounted on the Campus of the University of Buea, Cameroon and data collected for one day in November which falls in the dry season at the site. The Real environmental parameters were injected into MATLAB/ Simulink were the system was investigated to show the enhancement of the tracking performance of the MPPT system coupled with PI controller.

One of major problems related with PV-applications
is common mode currents. The issue can be solved in two
ways: galvanic decoupling of AC-grid and chopping the
common mode currents by additional actively controlled
circuitry. Flyback converter is good solution for MPPT
tracking for PV-modules up to 100-150 W with galvanic
decoupling. The problem of designing of this type of converter
is that most of design guides and literature is dedicated to
consumer electronics applications. MPPT converter design
have different starting points of calculations. The paper
contains the suggested approaches to the calculations, design
recommendations, considering the specific nature of PVsources
and NOCT model of PV-module.
The approach calculations, design guidelines, recommendations
and simulation of power electronics part of MPPT
converter and experimental results with implemented circuit
are presented and discussed. In order to increase the efficiency
during tests the circuit was upgraded with active clamp. After
the tests active clamp was upgraded to the forward active
clamp topology. The efficiencies and key waveforms of voltages
are compared and analyzed.

This paper proposes a method to improve the efficiency of the P&O maximum power point tracker (MPPT) by reducing the steady state oscillation and eliminating the possibility of the algorithm to lose its tracking direction. A dynamic perturbation step-size is employed to reduce the oscillation, while boundary conditions are introduced to prevent it from diverging away from the MPP. To prove its effectiveness, the proposed P&O is compared with the conventional and adaptive P&O using the Ropp, sinusoidal and ramp irradiance tests. In addition, the performances are evaluated based on a one-day (10 h) irradiance and temperature profile. The algorithm is implemented on a buck-boost converter and benchmarked by the standard MPPT efficiency (ηMPPT) calculation. It was found that, for all the tests, the ηMPPT of the proposed P&O scheme is increased by approximately two percentage points. Besides, the proposed algorithm does not require any extra hardware components; only several lines of additional software codes are to be embedded into the conventional P&O MPPT control program

An improved algorithm for MTPA (Maximum Torque Per Ampere) and Field Weakening operation which is suitable for implementation with Field Oriented Control, has been proposed for the Synchronous Reluctance motor (SynRel) for high dynamic performance. The proposed method overcomes the problem of excessive current flow into the machine while generating the d-axis and q-axis current commands independently. At the same time to operate the inverter in the linear modulation region (0≤m≤1) to minimize the output torque ripple. The proposed method helps to attain MTPA operation below the base speed to operate with the rated load and a fast speed response in Field Weakening mode. The validity and efficacy of the proposed algorithm is verified by simulation in MATLAB and SIMULINK.

- by Md. Arifur Rahman
- •
- Power System, Green Energy, Solar Energy, Solar PV

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is an important part of solar photovoltaic (PV) system. It increases the efficiency of a solar panel by tracking the maximum power point. There are several MPPT control algorithms in use. In this paper, four control algorithms are analyzed comparatively [1]. Using MATLAB/Simulink a solar PV system with MPPT controlled buck-boost dc-dc converter is modeled. Then the efficiency of each algorithm is calculated using typical daily insulation and temperature variation. Finally, a comparative analysis of the algorithms is presented.

Prinsloo, G.J. "Hardware Sun Tracking Systems and Digital Sun Position Hardware Solar Tracker Controllers". In Solar Tracking. GJ Prinsloo. 1st ed. Stellenbosch: SolarBooks, 2016. ISBN 978-0-620-61576-1. doi: 10.13140/2.1.2748.3201
Chapter in free eBook on Solar Tracking Systems, Sun Tracking Systems, Sun Tracker, Solar Tracker, Follow Sun, Sun Position. A number of commercial and proprietary solar tracking controller solutions for a variety of automation platforms are available in the market. These sun tracker solutions include algorithms for computing the sun vector, mostly for PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) and PAC (Programmable Automation Controller) processors as well as FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Arrays). Most of these solar tracking controllers are universal controllers suitable for a variety of solar systems and mode switchable to control point focus, linear (parabolic trough) or central receiver Heliostat solar receiver systems. This chapter aims at giving the reader a wide angle view of available sun tracker solutions and presents some of the solar tracking automation solutions presently available.
Free to download eBook on Practical Solar Tracking Design, following the sun solar tracking system, sun tracking system, sun tracker system, solar tracker system, sun positioning system, and sun path tracking with follow the sun position calculation (azimuth, elevation, zenith), sun trajectory, sun following system, sunrise tracking, sunset tracking, sunlight-phases, dawn, dusk, moon-phase, twilight, moonrise, moonset calculator. Solar Tracking is a key Technology to unlock the full potential of RE in RES.
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gerro_Prinsloo
Solar Tracking, Sun Tracking, Sun Tracker, Solar Tracker, Follow Sun, Sun Position
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263128579_Solar_Tracking_Sun_Tracking_Sun_Tracker_Solar_Tracker_Follow_Sun_Sun_Position

- by Gerro Prinsloo
- •
- Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Computer Science

Renewable energy has a noticeable and increasing impact on daily life, as they are an important means of renewing energy resources. Therefore, their practical applications are increasing every day, and solar energy is the most important source of renewable energy. Modern technologies offer clean ways to collect energy from solar radiation. To optimize the investment of PV systems, research is being conducted into the possibility of improving the efficiency of these systems, starting from manufacturing processes and improving the quality of raw materials, as this requires expensive technologies and equipment, and efficiency can be improved during investment. Solar tracking is the most important technology for increasing the efficiency of solar systems during their investment, and it is classified into two categories. The first category is mechanical solar tracking, i.e. moving the photovoltaic panels to track the position of the sun so that the incoming solar rays are organized on the surface of the solar panels, as solar radiation is the most important factor in the processes of solar energy conversion and improving the solar system's return. The second category is electronic tracking, that is, chasing the output point of the maximum PV system and making use of all the energy available in the PV.
The objective of this research was to study the photovoltaic devices, mechanically tracking solar radiation and performing practical measurements on the performing system, as well as modelling and simulation of the maximum power point tracking system and comparing the results.
The best results appeared in the research in the case of merging the two systems of mechanical tracking and the maximum power point-tracking, followed by the results of the photovoltaic system equipped with mechanical tracking, then the results of the photovoltaic system with the tracking of the maximum power point.

- by Mohamad Hamoud
- •
- Renewable Energy, Solar Energy, Master's Thesis, Master Degree

This paper elaborates a comprehensive overview of a photovoltaic (PV) system model, and compares the attributes of various conventional and improved incremental conductance algorithms, perturbation and observation techniques, and other maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms in normal and partial shading conditions. Performance evaluation techniques are discussed on the basis of the dynamic parameters of the PV system. Following a discussion of the MPPT algorithms in each category, a table is drawn to summarize their key specifications. In the performance evaluation section, the appropriate PV module technologies, atmospheric effects on PV panels, design complexity, and number of sensors and internal parameters of the PV system are outlined. In the last phase, a comparative table presents performance-evaluating parameters of MPPT design criterion. This paper is organized in such a way that future researchers and engineers can select an appropriate MPPT scheme without complication.

Tóm tắt-Các phương pháp dò tìm điểm công suất cực đại (Maximum Power Point Tracking-MPPT) được sử dụng trong các hệ thống pin năng lượng mặt trời (Photovoltaic-PV) để tối đa hóa công suất đầu ra của hệ thống PV khi điều kiện bức xạ mặt trời và nhiệt độ thay đổi. Các phương pháp MPPT có thể được phân thành hai loại: Nhóm các phương pháp thông thường, như phương pháp Nhiễu loạn và Quan sát (Perturbation and Observation-P&O), phương pháp Điện dẫn tăng dần (Incremental Conductance-INC); Và nhóm phương pháp nâng cao, như phương pháp MPPT dựa trên logic mờ (Fuzzy Logic-FL). Bài báo này trình bày kết quả nghiên cứu ứng dụng các phương pháp MPPT để phân tích, mô phỏng và đánh giá một hệ thống cung cấp điện PV trong các điều kiện môi trường khác nhau. Các kết quả mô phỏng bằng MATLAB/ Simulink nhận được, cho thấy hiệu suất tĩnh và động của bộ điều khiển MPPT Fuzzy tốt hơn nhiều so với các phương pháp thông thường.

—In photovoltaic (PV) power generation, partial shading is an unavoidable complication that significantly reduces the efficiency of the overall system. Under this condition, the PV system produces a multiple-peak function in its output power characteristic. Thus, a reliable technique is required to track the global maximum power point (GMPP) within an appropriate time. This study aims to employ a hybrid evolutionary algorithm called the DEPSO technique, a combination of the differential evolutionary (DE) algorithm and particle swarm optimization (PSO), to detect the maximum power point under partial shading conditions. The paper starts with a brief description about the behavior of PV systems under partial shading conditions. Then, the DEPSO technique along with its implementation in maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is explained in detail. Finally, Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the performance of the proposed technique under different partial shading conditions. Results prove the advantages of the proposed method, such as its reliability, system-independence, and accuracy in tracking the GMPP under partial shading conditions. Index Terms—Differential evolution (DE) algorithm, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), partial shading, particle swarm optimization (PSO), photovoltaic (PV) system.

In this paper, a standalone Hybrid power generation
system with improved power quality is proposed. The proposed
system consisting of Wind energy conversion system (WECS),
Diesel generator system, PV generation system and Battery
energy storage system (BESS).A hybrid system consists of wind,
solar PV, diesel generator, battery, and a controller. Tip Speed
Ratio (TSR) control with Field Oriented Control (FOC), method
was used for implementing Maximum Power Point Tracking
(MPPT) for wind system, variable step Perturb & Observing
(P&O) method for solar and optimum fuel consumption
technique for Diesel engine. MATLAB/Simulink was used to
build the model and simulate the system. The result shows the
better performance of the system under the variation of input
constraints as well as output constraints.

This paper makes a comparative assessment of three popular maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms used in photovoltaic power generation. A 120 W p PV module is taken as reference for the study that is connected to a suitable resistive load by a boost converter. Two profiles of variation of solar insolation at fixed temperature and varying temperature at fixed solar insolation are taken to test the tracking efficiency of three MPPT algorithms based on the perturb and observe (P&O), Fuzzy logic, and Neural Network techniques. MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation software is used for assessment, and the results indicate that the fuzzy logic-based tracker presents better tracking effectiveness to variations in both solar insolation and temperature profiles when compared to P&O technique and Neural Network-based technique.

—This work proposes a method to reduce the steady state oscillation and to mitigate the probability of losing the tracking direction of the perturb and observed (P&O) based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for PV system. The modified scheme retains the conventional P&O structure, but with a unique technique to dynamically alter the perturbation size. At the same time, a dynamic boundary condition is introduced to ensure that the algorithm will not diverge from its tracking locus. The modified P&O is simulated in Matlab Simulink and its performance is benchmarked using the standard MPPT efficiency (ηMPPT) calculation. Furthermore, the proposed concept is validated experimentally using a buck-boost converter, fed by a solar PV array simulator (PVAS). Based on the EN 50530 dynamic irradiance tests, the proposed method achieved an average ηMPPT almost 1.1% higher than the conventional P&O when irradiance changes slowly and about 12% higher under fast change of irradiance.

A modified multilevel inverter (MLI) structure has been presented for Photovoltaic (PV) fed 2.3 kV micro-grid applications. To feed the cascaded multilevel micro-grid connected inverter (CM-MGCI) voltage, a PV array is designed considering the environmental effects of Bangladesh. We have estimated the performance of the classical and a modified cascaded H-bridge (CHB) MLI with level-shifted carrier sinusoidal pulse width modulation (LSC-SPWM) technique in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The voltage and total harmonic distortion (THD) profile for the proposed eleven-level modified H-bridge MLI topology has been compared with the conventional CHB topology. The harmonic profile has also been compared with other modified MLI topologies. Compared to the conventional CHB and other recent modified MLI topologies, the proposed H-bridge CM-MGCI shows better THD profile.

—This paper proposes an accurate detection scheme that effectively differentiates the partial shading from the uniform change of irradiance. By doing so, it avoids the unnecessary global peak search which results in a drop of the maximum power point tracker (MPPT) efficiency. The detection is achieved by calculating the irradiance at two designated points on the I-V curve namely, i.e. the short circuit (Isc) and MPP (Impp) currents. Since the mismatch of irradiance at these two points differs greatly for the partial shading and uniform irradiance change, the occurrence of the former is easily discriminated. To prove its effectiveness, the scheme is integrated into perturb and observe (P&O) and particle swarm optimization MPPT algorithms using a buck-boost converter. Its performance under several partial shading and dynamic shading condition is simulated using Matlab/Simulink and validated using the dSpace DS1104 platform. It only requires 3 samples to determine if partial shading occurs; without the scheme, an unnecessary scans of the entire P-V curve is initiated. Consequently, MPPT transient efficiency is increased by 30-35%. In addition to this, the calculated irradiance is utilized to update the open circuit voltage of the array, thus eliminates the use of temperature and irradiance sensors.

The purpose of this paper is to present a performance comparison between two maximum power point tracking algorithms. These two algorithms are incremental conductance (INC) which is an improved version of the perturb and observe algorithm, and the second algorithm is the Kalman filter applied to a photovoltaic system. In this work, a photovoltaic panel is modeled in PSIM tool; a Boost converter controlled by the maximum power point tracker is put between the PV panel and the load. Then the two algorithms are implemented by using C language and C block provided by PSIM tool. Next, several tests under stable and variable environmental conditions are made for the two algorithms, and results show a better performance of the Kalman filter compared to the INC in terms of response time, efficiency and steady-state oscillations.

- by Saâd Motahhir and +2
- •
- Kalman Filter, MPPT method for photovoltaic, Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques of solar panels (MPPT)

Recently, the importance of exploring the plausibility of renewable energy has been progressively increased, not only because of concerns over the shortage of current fossil fuels but also the consideration of sustainable development and the negative environmental impact caused by large scale use of fossil fuels. Among renewable sources, solar energy seems to be one of the promising energy sources for widespread application. Due to its inherent intermittency and fluctuation, one of the important research interests is to harness the maximum power possible from the solar energy falling on a panel. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a very important necessity in a system of energy conversion from a renewable energy source. Many research papers have been produced with various schemes over past decades for the MPPT in photovoltaic (PV) system. This paper inspires its motivation from the fact that the keen study of these existing techniques reveals that there is still quite a need for an absolutely generic and yet very simple MPPT controller which should have all the following traits: total independence from systemÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s parameters, ability to reach the global maxima in minimal possible steps, the correct sense of tracking direction despite the abrupt atmospheric or parametrical changes, and finally having a very cost-effective and energy efficient hardware with the complexity no more than that of a minimal MPPT algorithm like Incremental Conductance. The MPPT controller presented in this paper is a successful attempt to fulfill all these requirements. It extends the MPPT techniques found in the recent research papers with some innovations in the control algorithm. The simulation results confirm that the proposed MPPT controller is very fast, very efficient, very simple and low cost as compared to the contemporary ones.

The electrical energy from the sun can be extracted using solar photovoltaic (PV) modules. This energy can be maximized if the connected load resistance matches that of the PV panel. In search of the optimum matching between the PV and the load resistance, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique offers considerable potential. This paper aims to show how the modelling process of an efficient PV system with a DC load can be achieved using a fuzzy neural network (FNN) controller. This is applied via an innovative methodology, which senses the irradiance and temperature of the PV panel and produces an optimal value of duty ration for the boost converter to obtain the MPPT. The coefficients of this controller have been refined based upon previous data sets using the irradiance and temperature. A gradient descent algorithm is employed to improve the parameters of the FNN controller to achieve an optimal response. The validity of the PV system using the MPPT technique based on the FNN controller is further demonstrated via a series of experimental tests at different ambient conditions. The simulation results show how the MPPT technique based on the FNN controller is more effective in maintaining the optimal power values compared with conventional techniques.

This paper presents a study of a low-cost photovoltaic (PV) emulator to test the real implementation of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. This PV emulator is composed of a variable DC supply in series with a variable resistor; it is based on the maximum power transfer theorem in order to provide a curve that exhibits a peak which can be tracked by an MPPT algorithm. Moreover, this emulator can be used to test the performance of the MPPT algorithm under fast variation of the solar irradiance and temperature. For this reason, the P&O MPPT algorithm with a boost DC-DC converter is used in order to validate the functionality of the PV emulator. Finally, the experimental results show that our PV emulator can provide a simple, efficient and low-cost way for users (researchers, engineers, students, etc.) to test and validate their MPPT algorithms.

- by Saâd Motahhir and +1
- •
- Arduino, Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques of solar panels (MPPT), DC Power Supply, PV Emulator

The effect of changing metrological conditions on the power output performance of a local photovoltaic module as well as the effect of utilizing maximum power point tracking on the power output of the photovoltaic system is investigated in this paper. Firstly, the PV array is modeled using single diode, 5-parameter model and the Maximum Power Point (MPPT) control is developed and implemented in the DC-DC power converter using Perturb and Observe (P&O) intelligent algorithm. The model is then applied to a local commercially available solar panel to determine the performance and implication of utilizing MPPT on the power output of the solar panel. The results reveals that implementation of MPPT controller consistently sustained an increased power output of the PV, consequently yielding a 27% improvement in energy delivery. This paper therefore motivates for local policy on solar PV installation as it is generally observed that most PV module installed are without MPPT. ©University of Ibadan

- by elston efevode Ekoh and +1
- •
- Electrical Engineering, Solar Energy, Solar PV, Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques of solar panels (MPPT)

Unfilled gap of prolonged energy demand by conventional energy sources and consent of global warming as its vulnerable outcome provides a vent to search compatible option. Augmentation in use of solar energy reveled through last 3 decades portrays its heterogeneous rewards in the prevailing energy scenario. Nevertheless solar PV system arises as viable option in the critical power system era its low efficiency energy conversion attribute necessitates an efficient power conversion system. The non-linearity of I–V (current–voltage) characteristic and its alteration for an assorted insolation and temperature values may enable the alteration in terminal voltage. This may deviates maximum power point due to which the available maximum power delivery to load can be differed. Literature of this field reiterated that the uniform insolation and partial shading condition demands undeniable need of maximum power point tracking. Nonetheless through investigation in this direction furnishes the availability of a bunch of such techniques; each of them posses its own pros and cones. This ubiquitous trait of available maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques unfolds the complexity in its precise selection. To diminish such complexity this paper offers a state of art of various MPPT technique and their comprehensive comparative analysis based on 110 standard research articles. The focus of this paper is to offer a better commencement and to furnish valued information for investigators of this field.

This work deals with voltage regulation of solar photovoltaic based minigrid. In this regulator, DC-DC boost converter embedded with maximum power point Tracking (MPPT) voltage regulation without controlling charging and discharging of batteries through bidirectional converter. The proposed voltage regulator managed to regulate dc voltage and maintaining the dc bus voltage at its reference value. The DC voltage regulation has been done by corrected duty cycle of estimated duty cycle through MPPT controller. The DC voltage regulator was tested at slow varying and moderately varying solar Insolation at Constant Temperature. Simulation results using MATLAB/SIMULINK software show that the DC voltage regulator is capable of regaining voltage regulation after step load changes

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to maximize the PV array output power, irrespective of the temperature and irradiation conditions and the load electrical characteristics. This paper presents a practical implementation of perturbation and observation (P&O) and incremental conductance (IncCon) algorithms based on PIC18F452 microcontroller for tracking of the maximum power generation from PV system. These algorithms are widely used because of its low-cost and ease of realization. Proposed P&O and IncCon algorithms are implemented and tested under different loads, and the test results are analyzed and compared. The results show the performance of the IncCon algorithm in tracking MPP is better than the P&O algorithm and the experimental results of IncCon algorithm indicate that the feasibility and improved functionality of the system with has high-efficiency.

Solar Photovoltaic [SPV] systems are being considerably used worldwide to utilise energy of sun for power generation during recent years. Under the Indian National Solar Mission considerable emphasis is being given for solar power generation in order to supplement the conventional power generation. A large number of solar power plants are being installed under the Solar Mission in different parts of country. However, the available solar energy at a particular site needs to be utilized by a solar photovoltaic system to maximum extent for which maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are used. It is essential to increase the efficiency of SPV system as much as possible by improving the efficiencies of the electronic and electrical components of the system. Considerable research has been carried out in the MPPT techniques / algorithms for increasing the overall efficiency of solar PV system. In the present study a review of MPPT techniques , its categories has been carried out with detailed flowcharts of algorithms and references and also includes an up-to-date investigation of research papers published till date on MPPT techniques in solar PV system.

In this study, a simulation of a standalone photovoltaic system with a power of 4.2 kW was carried out. In the system, which has a total of 20 photovoltaic panels, the perturb & observe maximum power point tracking method was used, and photovoltaic panel control was performed by a DC-DC boost converter. Thus, maximum power could be drawn from the panels continuously despite changing weather conditions. Batteries are used to store energy in this system, which operates independently from the network. The battery group with a total voltage level of 300V was charged and discharged by a bidirectional DC-DC converter. With variable radiation values, variable power generation was provided in the panels, and energy flow control in the system was realized. The required energy flow in the system has been controlled depending on the amount of energy generated from the photovoltaic panels, the energy demanded by the load and the state of charge of the battery pack. The energy in the dc bus regulated at 400V voltage level fed the load with the help of a single-phase inverter. The system was operated in five different modes, and performance of the system was introduced.

Maximum power point tracking following (MPPT) is by and large being utilized in sunlight based photovoltaic (PV) control age frameworks to augment sun-based vitality extraction. In this paper, it is proposed to work the solar-PV framework at the imperfect MPPT to oversee control balance in a remote area control supply (RAPS) framework. This is performed dependent on three diverse working modes one is Frequency control mode, second is Active power control mode and the third one is MPPT control mode. The working modes are chosen dependent on the heap level, and the working method of the diesel generator (for example synchronous condenser mode or generator mode) This power the executive's methodology adjusts the age and load request that requires progress between the three working modes without utilizing the fake load. The proposed strategy is capable of extending the diesel generator lifetime and improves the operating efficiency of the diesel generator. Re-enactment thinks about are done to approve the adequacy of the imperfect MPPT control methodology in a PV-Diesel RAPS framework and have demonstrated that the proposed technique can flawlessly keep up the power balance in the RAPS framework while keeping up the voltage and recurrence inside stipulated cutoff points. Substantial cost savings can also be achieved in the long run due to the lifetime extension and efficiency improvement of the diesel generator.

This paper presents modelling and control of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for a three phase grid–tied photovoltaic (PV) system by using a non-linear controller namely double integrated sliding mode controller (DISMC) to enhance MPPT and to stabilize the output power of PV system. The non-linear I-V, P-V characteristics of PV systems depends upon irradiation and temperature; causes difficulty in tracking maximum power. The PV system consists of a PV panel, DC/DC boost converter and a MPPT controller to generate pulses which are fed to converter for tracking maximum power. In this paper, the performance of DISMC-MPPT shown to be effective when compared to other controllers like perturb & observe (P&O)-MPPT, adaptive P&O-MPPT, sliding mode controller (SMC)-MPPT and integral SMC (ISMC)-MPPT. The presented DISMC-MPPT method is robust, provides quicker and steady tracking maximum power with respect to the other discussed methods and also performs well during any change in weather conditions. To validate the effectiveness, the mathematical modelling of all the above mentioned non-linear controller MPPT methods and their simulations are carried on Matlab/SIMULINK

- by IAEME Publication
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- Matlab, Simulink, Dc-Dc Boost Converter, Inverter

This paper is aimed at harvesting the photovoltaic systems extracting power under difficult irradiance and load conditions, by proposing a novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT). This proposed MPPT tactic has been examined under various climatic and load conditions using two powerful and accurate simulation environments for PV systems, MATLAB/Simulink and Proteus. The first implementation using the MATLAB/Simulink software was carried out to examine the performance of the novel MPPT tactic under sudden insolation and load change, where the second implementation using the Proteus software was carried out in order to prove that the novel MPPT tactic can be easily implemented using low-cost components, Arduino board, and LCD display. The simulation results prove that the novel MPPT tactic has a high convergence speed to locate the MPP, especially at fast solar irradiation and load variation with zero oscillation under steady-state operation, which takes less than 9.6 milliseconds (ms) under the MATLAB/Simulink software and 0.24 microseconds (μs) under Proteus environment. That means it is about six times faster than P&O and five times faster than INC MPPT methods, and its tracking efficiency is between 99.40% and 99.86%. Furthermore, the novel MPPT tactic shows the best tracking accuracy and better ability to mitigate power losses under overall simulation scenarios compared with other traditional MPPT methods.

Due to serious energy crisis in the world, solar energy has gained much importance due to its availability in abundant quantity. India aims to generate 20 GW Solar power by the year 2020, but by end of 2010 it could have been achieved only 0.5 GW. High capital cost and low efficiency is the main problem for penetration and reach of solar PV systems. Efficiency of a solar panel is nearly 20-25%. So to increase further the overall efficiency of the solar power generation system, a Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithm is necessary. Photovoltaic modules have a single operating point where the output of the voltage and current results in the maximum power output. MPPT is a system to extract maximum obtainable solar power from a PV module. Maximum power point (MPP) varies depending on the angle of sunlight on the surface of the panel and cell temperature. This paper reviews working of MPPT and short description of different MPPT techniques.