Multi spectral Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Accurate and up-to-date soil monitoring allow farmers to take rapid, targeted action in case of nutrient deficiencies and pest infestation. This is essential for the maximization of crop-yields. This paper describes an airborne... more

Accurate and up-to-date soil monitoring allow farmers to take rapid, targeted action in case of nutrient deficiencies and pest infestation. This is essential for the maximization of crop-yields. This paper describes an airborne multi-spectral imaging system which is able to simultaneously capture three visible and two near infrared channels. The system was integrated in a Schiebel CAMCOPTER® S-100 UAV for data acquisition. Results show that the system is able to classify different types of vegetation by calculating vegetation indices.

One of the major concerns in environmental studies is understanding the factors and processes that control and affect water quality. This study aimed to examine the causal relationship between land use/land cover and water quality in... more

One of the major concerns in environmental studies is understanding the factors and processes that control and affect water quality. This study aimed to examine the causal relationship between land use/land cover and water quality in Tonle Sap Lake, one of the largest fresh water lakes in Southeast Asia and also to monitor the spatial distribution of water quality in the scale of the lake basin. The approach combines spatial data analysis using Geographic Information System (GIS) and statistics to establish the strength of relationship between land use/land cover derived from classifying Landsat data and water-quality within Tonle Sap sub- catchments. These analyses produced indicators (Kendall's tau) showing the strength of correlation between percentages of land use/land cover type as predictor variable and median of water quality parameters as response variable. The retrieval of optically active constituents from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrophotometer (MODIS) was ...

Site specific, in situ techniques such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Raman spectroscopy are commonly used to identify pigments on illuminated manuscripts. With both techniques, spectra are usually acquired on visually identified sites... more

Site specific, in situ techniques such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Raman spectroscopy are commonly used to identify pigments on illuminated manuscripts. With both techniques, spectra are usually acquired on visually identified sites thought to be representative of the pigments and mixtures used for the illumination. Such visual inspection may not always ensure an adequate representation of the pigment diversity. Here we report on the application of multispectral (MSI) visible/infrared reflectance and luminescence imaging spectroscopy, along with fiber optics reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) to help determine and map the primary pigments in a late 14th century miniature on vellum, attributed to Niccolo da Bologna and representing the birth of John the Baptist. XRF analyses of visually selected sites found elements consistent with azurite, ultramarine, vermillion, lead white, "mosaic gold" and yellow earth pigments. Visible/infrared FORS analyses confirmed these assignments and showed evidence for the use of organic dyes. The spectral analysis of the MSI-reflectance images gave distribution maps for these pigments (i.e., regions of azurite, ultramarine, vermillion) along with some indication of pigment layering not identified visually. The luminescence image gave a probable map of the organic dye(s). Images acquired in the near- and shortwave-infrared (NIR and SWIR, 750 to 2400 nm) revealed preparatory sketches and illumination techniques. These results show, like those of a prior study carried out on another 14th century Italian miniature, that the combination of low light multi-spectral imaging spectroscopy with FORS provides improved in situ mapping and identification of pigments on illuminated manuscripts.

Evapotranspiration (ET) is an essential component of the water balance. Remote sensing based agrometeorological models are presently most suited for estimating crop water use at both field and regional scales. Numerous ET algorithms have... more

Evapotranspiration (ET) is an essential component of the water balance. Remote sensing based agrometeorological models are presently most suited for estimating crop water use at both field and regional scales. Numerous ET algorithms have been developed to make use of remote sensing data acquired by sensors on airborne and satellite platforms. In this paper, a literature review was done to evaluate numerous commonly used remote sensing based algorithms for their ability to estimate regional ET accurately. The reported estimation accuracy varied from 67 to 97% for daily ET and above 94% for seasonal ET indicating that they have the potential to estimate regional ET accurately. However, there are opportunities to further improving these models for accurately estimating all energy balance components. The spatial and temporal remote sensing data from the existing set of earth observing satellite platforms are not sufficient enough to be used in the estimation of spatially distributed ET for on-farm irrigation management purposes, especially at a field scale level (∼10 to 200 ha). This will be constrained further if the thermal sensors on future Landsat satellites are abandoned. However, research opportunities exist to improve the spatial and temporal resolution of ET by developing algorithms to increase the spatial resolution of reflectance and surface temperature data derived from Landsat/ASTER/MODIS images using same/other-sensor high resolution multi-spectral images.

The Multi-Spectral Solar Telescope Array (MSSTA) is a sounding rocket-borne observatory composed of a set of normal-incidence multilayer-coated telescopes that obtained selected bandpass spectroheliograms (44 to 1550 angstroms) of the... more

The Multi-Spectral Solar Telescope Array (MSSTA) is a sounding rocket-borne observatory composed of a set of normal-incidence multilayer-coated telescopes that obtained selected bandpass spectroheliograms (44 to 1550 angstroms) of the solar atmosphere. These spectroheliograms were recorded on specially fabricated XUV And FUV 70-mm Kodak film. Rocket launches of this instrument payload took place in 1991 (MSSTA I) and 1994 (MSSTA II) at the White Sands Missile Test Range in New Mexico, sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) sounding rocket experiment program. Immediately prior to the 1994 launch, visible light focusing tests of each telescope were performed in situ using a 1951 standard Air Force high- resolution test target, to measure optical resolution performance. We determined that the MSSTA II telescopes performed at diffraction-limited resolutions down to 0.70 arcsec at visible wavelengths. Based on these measurements, we calculate an upper bound to the focusing errors that incorporate the sum of all uncorrelated system focus errors that affect resolution performance. Coupling these upper bound estimates with the in-band diffraction limits, surface scattering errors and payload pointing jitter, we demonstrate that 11 of 19 MSSTA II telescopes--having negligible figures of focus errors in comparison to the corresponding visible diffraction limits--performed at sub arcsecond resolution at their operational FUV/EUV/XUV wavelengths during flight. We estimate the in-band performance down to 0.14 +/- 0.08 arcsec.

World Space Observatory UltraViolet (WSO-UV) is a multipurpose space observatory, made by a 170 cm aperture telescope, capable of UV high-resolution spectroscopy, long slit low-resolution spectroscopy, and deep UV and optical imaging.... more

World Space Observatory UltraViolet (WSO-UV) is a multipurpose space observatory, made by a 170 cm aperture telescope, capable of UV high-resolution spectroscopy, long slit low-resolution spectroscopy, and deep UV and optical imaging. With a nominal mission life time of 5 years, and a planned extension to 10 years, from a geosynchronous orbit with an inclination of 51.8 degrees, WSO-UV will provide observations of exceptional importance for the study of many unsolved astrophysical problems. WSO-UV is implemented in the framework of a collaboration between Russia (chair), China, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Ukraine. This book illustrates the results of the feasibility study for the Field Camera Unit (FCU), a multi-spectral radial instrument on the focal plane of WSO-UV. The book provides an overview of the key science topics that are drivers to the participation of the Italian astronomical community in the WSO-UV project. The science drivers here illustrated have been used to define th...

Pre-flight and on-orbit calibration of the spectral imagery acquired with the Advanced Responsive Tactically Effective Military Imaging Spectrometer (ARTEMIS) will make use of solar radiation-based methods. Preflight spectral calibration... more

Pre-flight and on-orbit calibration of the spectral imagery acquired with the Advanced Responsive Tactically Effective Military Imaging Spectrometer (ARTEMIS) will make use of solar radiation-based methods. Preflight spectral calibration relies on views of a specially-coated to provide a set of known absorption features. Radiometric calibration is determined from views of a spectrally-flat panel illuminated by the sun. At-aperture radiance from

Imaging methods offer several advantages in the field of conservation allowing to perform non-invasive inspection of works of art. In particular, non-invasive techniques based on imaging in different infrared (IR) regions are widely used... more

Imaging methods offer several advantages in the field of conservation allowing to perform non-invasive inspection of works of art. In particular, non-invasive techniques based on imaging in different infrared (IR) regions are widely used for the investigation of paintings. Using radiation beyond the visible range, different characteristics of the inspected artwork may be revealed according to the bandwidth acquired. In this paper we present the recent results of a joint project among the two research institutes DIMEG and CNR-INO, and the restoration facility Opificio delle Pietre Dure, concerning the wide-band integration of IR imaging techniques, in the spectral ranges NIR 0.8-2.5 μm, MIR 3-5 μm, and FIR 8-12 μm, for in situ analysis of artworks. A joint, multi-mode use of reflection and thermal bands is proposed for the diagnostics of mural paintings, and it is demonstrated to be an effective tool in inspecting the layered structure. High resolution IR reflectography and, to a greater extent, IR imaging in the 3-5 μm band, are effectively used to characterize the superficial layer of the fresco and to analyze the stratigraphy of different pictorial layers. IR thermography in the 8-12 μm band is used to characterize the support deep structure. The integration of all the data provides a multi- layered and multi-spectral representation of the fresco that yields a comprehensive analysis.

This paper proposes an integrated water body mapping method with HJ-1A/B satellite imagery, the CCD (charge coupled device) data of the Chinese environmental satellites that were launched on September 6th, 2008. It combines the difference... more

This paper proposes an integrated water body mapping method with HJ-1A/B satellite imagery, the CCD (charge coupled device) data of the Chinese environmental satellites that were launched on September 6th, 2008. It combines the difference between NDVI and NDWI (NDVI–NDWI) with SLOPE and near-infrared (NIR) band. The NDVI–NDWI index is used to enhance the contrast between water bodies and the surrounding surface features; the topographic SLOPE is used to eliminate the mountain shadow; and the NIR band is used to reduce the effects of artificial construction land. The objectives are evaluating the potential of the HJ-1A/B imagery on water body monitoring, and proposing ideally mapping method. The test study results indicated that the NDVI–NDWI index is superior to the single index of NDVI and NDWI to enhance the contrast between water bodies and the rest of the features. On the basis of the accurately mapped water bodies in the HJ-1A/B CCD images of the study area, we conclude that the HJ-1A/B multi-spectral satellite images is an ideal data source for high spatial and temporal resolution water bodies monitoring. And the integrated water body mapping method is suitable for the applications of HJ-1A/B multi-spectral satellite images in this field.

Physics-based remote sensing in littoral environments for ecological monitoring and assessment is a challenging task that depends on adequate atmospheric conditions during data acquisition, sensor capabilities and correction of signal... more

Physics-based remote sensing in littoral environments for ecological monitoring and assessment is a challenging task that depends on adequate atmospheric conditions during data acquisition, sensor capabilities and correction of signal disturbances associated with water surface and water column. Airborne hyper-spectral scanners offer higher potential than satellite sensors for wetland monitoring and assessment. However, application in remote areas is often limited by national restrictions, time and high costs compared to satellite data. In this study, we tested the potential of the commercial, high-resolution multi-spectral satellite QuickBird for monitoring littoral zones of Lake Sevan (Armenia). We present a classification procedure that uses a physics-based image processing system (MIP) and GIS tools for calculating spatial metrics. We focused on classification of littoral sediment coverage over three consecutive years (2006–2008) to document changes in vegetation structure associated with a rise in water levels. We describe a spectral unmixing algorithm for basic classification and a supervised algorithm for mapping vegetation types. Atmospheric aerosol retrieval, lake-specific parameterisation and validation of classifications were supported by underwater spectral measurements in the respective seasons. Results revealed accurate classification of submersed aquatic vegetation and sediment structures in the littoral zone, documenting spatial vegetation dynamics induced by water level fluctuations and inter-annual variations in phytoplankton blooms. The data prove the cost-effective applicability of satellite remote-sensing approaches for high-resolution mapping in space and time of lake littoral zones playing a major role in lake ecosystem functioning. Such approaches could be used for monitoring wetlands anywhere in the world.

T he ESA Sentinels will be the first series of loperational satellites to meet the Earth observation needs of the European Union-ESA Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) programme. The pair of Sentinel-2 satellites will... more

T he ESA Sentinels will be the first series of loperational satellites to meet the Earth observation needs of the European Union-ESA Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) programme. The pair of Sentinel-2 satellites will routinely provide high-resolution (10–20 m) optical images globally with frequent revisits tailored to the needs of GMES land and emergency services. Sentinel-2 aims at ensuring continuity of Spot-and Landsat-type data, with improvements to allow service evolution. The first launch is expected in 2012. What Users Need The pair of Sentinel-2 satellites will routinely generate valuable information for the European Union (EU) and its Member States as part of the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) programme, in the areas of global climate change (Kyoto Protocol and ensuing regulations), sustainable development, European environmental policies (such as spatial planning for the Soil Thematic Strategy, Natura 2000, and the Water Framework...