Public transportation Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Denna rapport summerar resultaten från en enkätstudie med 1431 studenter från två universitet i Storstockholm om trygghet i kollektivtrafiken. De ungdomar som tillfrågades studerar på KTH Kungliga tekniska högskolan och Södertörns högskola i Flemingsberg. Vårt urval består av 1,122 KTH-studenter (43% av respondenterna är kvinnor och 52% män) och 309 studenter från Södertörn (75% kvinnor och 21% män). Viktimisering och rädsla påverkar resenärernas mobilitet. Bland studenterna i Huddinge är det över hälften, 53% och i Stockholm något lägre, 36% som känner att de måste vidta försiktighetsåtgärder när de ska resa med tunnelbana, pendeltåg eller spårvagn. Kvinnor vidtar i högre utsträckning än män försiktighetsåtgärder, 58% i Huddinge och 50% i Stockholm jämfört med 18% respektive 24% av männen. Medan männen oftast vill visa att de kan försvara sig (till exempel, har koll på värdesaker, sover ej) vill kvinnorna se till att de är sedda (till exempel, står bland människor, väljer en viss del av bussen). I Stockholm rapporterade till exempel hälften av de kvinnliga studenterna att de vidtog försiktighetsåtgärder när de reser med spårbunden trafik och 29% när de reser med buss. Signaler på vad man kallar dysfunktionell rädsla ser man tydligt när man börjar undvika vissa platser (i detta fall visa stationer eller linjer) eller vissa tider (till exempel att resa enbart under dagtid).

- by and +2
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- Crime, Public transportation
- by Beni Zaragozi
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- Business, Human Geography, Tourism Studies, Tourism Management

In America's large and severely congested metropolitan areas, carpools and express bus service could attract many more riders if buses could operate between residential areas and job centers on free-flowing highways that provide premium service oppor-tunities. FAST Miles attempts to eliminate recurring congestion on limited-access highway systems using a potentially more publicly acceptable form of road pricing, along with an integrated multimodal strategy to encourage shifts of solo-driving commuters to alternative modes. FAST Miles allocates to motorists a limited num-ber of free miles for use in peak periods on limited-access highways. Every motorist would get a share of free peak-period use of FAST highway facilities "already paid for" through his or her taxes through free FAST Miles credits. Total outstanding credits would be limited to ensure that the metropolitan highway system does not get con-gested and that express bus services operate faster, providing bette...

This paper discusses the implications of autonomous vehicle technology on auto use and travel behavior, and the resulting impacts on public transportation. The paper goes on to explore how autonomous driving technology can make more efficient use of bus transportation and improve service to disabled individuals. The paper concludes with recommendations for transit agencies to engage with government and suppliers of autonomous vehicles to promote research, development, and policies that will allow the industry to reap the benefits of this revolutionary and disruptive technology.

- by jerome lutin
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- Urban And Regional Planning, Public transportation

One of the most important problems occurring while designing public transport vehicles consists in providing an effective control of the door opening systems. The methods of carrying out the investigations presented in the paper include structural and kinematic analysis of the door opening mechanisms and simulation of their operation in applied software. The paper analyses the design and operational peculiarities of the turning-and-shunting mechanism of door opening of electric public transport. The corresponding design of the mechanism is proposed. It is suggested to be driven by pneumatic drive. The simplified diagram of the mechanism is constructed. Structural and kinematic analysis of the mechanism is performed, and the analytical dependencies for describing the motion of its links during the door opening/closing are derived. The main kinematic parameters of the studied mechanism are investigated on the basis of the derived analytical dependencies in MathCAD software, as well as by means of simulating the motion of the solid-state model of the mechanism designed in SolidWorks software. The conclusions about the agreement of the results of theoretical investigations performed on the basis of numerical solving the obtained motion equations and of the virtual experiment (motion simulation in SolidWorks software) are drawn. The analysis of energy efficiency of the investigated turning-and-shunting door opening mechanism of electric public transport is carried out. Prescribing the resistance force acting on the door leaf and calculating the corresponding door motion speed during its closing, the dependency of the nominal power supply of the mechanism drive as a function of corresponding generalized coordinates was deduced. Analyzing the obtained results, the authors have established that the necessary nominal power of the turning-and-shunting mechanism drive is almost twice larger than the necessary nominal power of the widely used leaning-and-shunting mechanism. Further investigations on the subject of the paper can be performed in the direction of developing different control systems providing safe and reliable operation of the considered door opening mechanism driven be electric and pneumatic actuators.

- by Vitaliy Korendiy and +1
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- Transportation Engineering, Transportation Studies, Public Transport, Vehicle Dynamics

This paper examines the efficacy of a multivariate statistical modeling approach to analyze public transit bus driver distraction data collected through a self-administered driver survey. The distracting activities were classified into four risk zones according to distraction risk indices derived from distracting ratings, distracting durations, and driver perception of risks. A multinomial logistic regression model was formulated for highly-risky distracting activities using levels of distraction as the categorical dependent variable and correlating it with categorical and continuous independent variables responsible for the distraction. Results revealed that the common sources of distraction were due to passenger-related activities, which match two-thirds of simulated validation outputs. On-site route observations and discussions with transit staff revealed mixed results. The model could be used to identify drivers at highest distraction risk from their demographic backgrounds as well as driving schedules. The transit agency can use the results to implement relevant policies and training programs to mitigate distraction and improve transit performance.

- by Kelwyn D'Souza
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- Urban And Regional Planning, Public transportation

Transport in India is both a necessity as well as convenience. Public transport still remains the primary mode of transport for most of the population and India’s public transport system are among the most heavily utilized in the world. India being a developing economy, road transport deserves a high priority as it forms the backbone of both the passenger transport and freight movement. The private sector operators are also occupying a part in the passenger services in the country. Share auto-rickshaws are mostly found only in capital cities until one decade ago. Now it is a common sight that even in semi-urban areas share auto-rickshaws are plying connecting the network of rural areas. The present article has drawn its strength from such a social background and thus assumed a greater social relevance to-day.

- by IJIRMPS International Journal and +1
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- Transportation Studies, Public Transport, Indian studies, Transport Planning

Urban passenger transportation in the U.S. has been heavily dependent on car modes, mainly due to prevailing trends in urban development. However, transportation mode choice studies are currently limited to micro-level and regional-level boundaries, lacking of presenting a complete picture of the issues and the root causes associated with urban passenger transportation choices in the U.S. To this end, further analysis from a system perspective is required to investigate the interdependencies among system parameters more thoroughly, thus revealing the underlying mechanisms contributing or causing the low public transportation use in the U.S. Hence, system dynamics modeling approach is utilized to capture complex causal relationships among the critical system parameters affecting public transportation ridership in the U.S. as well as to identify possible policy areas to improve public transportation ridership rates. Considering the high degree of uncertainties inherent to the problem, multivariate sensitivity analysis is utilized to explore the effectiveness of existing and possible policy implications up to the year 2050 in the terms of their potential to increase transit ridership and locating critical parameters that influences the most on mode choice and emission rates. Transportation mode choice behavior is projected to change slightly and reach up to a maximum of 7.25% of public transportation ridership until 2050. Analysis results reveal that the effects of trip length and rate are by far the most influential factors. Both parameters are 99% sensitive compared to all other factors including the effects of fuel tax policies, federal funds for public transportation, use of alternative green bus technologies, increasing private vehicle occupancy rates, etc. on negative environmental, economic, and social impacts of transportation. This finding highlights how important urban structures are to secure the future of public transportation in the U.S. as the existing urban structures and the shared-idea in the minds of the society about how urban transportation should be (the prevailing paradigm) are the root causes of excessive trip generation and increasing average trip lengths. Thus a paradigm-shift, a radical change in the shared-idea in the minds of the society about existing urban structures, is needed.

In the emerging world of technology, the transportation system is also progressing towards great level of achievements, one of such achievement is the new, updated and fastest transportation system named Virgin Hyperloop One, such technology is known for its very high-speed transportation technology. We can easily analyse it capability by knowing the fact that, It is capable of achieving the speed which is 4 times the speed of bullet train and double the speed of Boeing 747 plane. Such a modern system of transportation will start initialling to take its original structure in the year 2021. This modern technological-driven innovative system will help the people 'to stay anywhere', 'to work from anywhere', and 'to go to anywhere' from their native place with very much ease in the upcoming future. For such reason, the company set a goal to gets into a contract with Bangalore airport as well as the Punjab transportation department for actualization the scheme in India. Hyperloop is a brand-new grounded transport technology in development and implementation, which encourages various new corporation to come into existence, some of which are the already established techno-giants, it would see passengers move at over 1200 kilometres each hour in a very fast floating pod. Hyperloop will be cheaper and faster than train or automobile travel, and will produce almost no any polluting substances in the environment. Hyperloop would possibly therefore be accustomed take the pressure off gridlocked roads, making travel between cities easier, and probably unlocking major economic benefits for India. We can easily analyse the captive abilities of this new transportation system with the fact that it can complete the 3 hours of journey in just 35 minutes of time. And it’s not any miracle, it’s actually a reality. Virgin Hyperloop One is capable of transporting more than 200 million passengers every year, when it will start functioning in India. Such innovative and technology-driven advanced transportation system will bring various type of opportunities for the country India in the upcoming future, as such project will bring a very large amount of infrastructure-based investments from several corporates, that will directly or indirectly generate the employment opportunities for over 1.8 million people and it will also generate a huge amount of economic profit for India, which can be estimated over US $35 Billion.

- by Shubham Parsoya
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- Business, Environmental Science, Information Technology, Economics

Public transportation fleets operate fundamental processes such as toll collection, fleet management, vehicle tracking, passenger information and collection of vehicle information from in-vehicle networks. However, these processes mostly communicate with each other over non-standard communication protocols. Often these functions are provided by different manufacturers, which causes delay during the construction of the required information technologies. Even if the systems and devices of different manufacturers are compatible with each other, their installation processes are challenging. The international Information Technology for Public Transport (ITxPT) standards have recently been defined in order to ensure that companies, providing intelligent transportation technologies to the fleets, are able to properly manage the complex infrastructure in question and to eliminate the problems of compliance. However, since the ITxPT standards are new, there are few studies on the implementation of onboard ITxPT services for public transport systems. In order to contribute these efforts, a system architecture for the implementation of ITxPT services is introduced in this study and the design and implementation of important ITxPT services, called Module inventory, GNSS location and VEHICLEtoIP for a public transportation vehicle has been realized. ITxPT services, designed according to the proposed architecture, have been observed to work successfully on the units of a company producing public transport information systems. The implementation which is based on Avahi System, UDP Multicast and HTTP REST services architecture, allows ITxPT services to be installed, run and monitored more easily and quickly on these Linux-powered units.

- by Geylani Kardas and +2
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- Intelligent Transportation Systems, Public transportation, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)

—The world cities especially high income Asian cities such as Hong Kong, Seoul, Singapore are moving towards higher public transport (PT) modal shares. These cities are targeting for low carbon cities by focusing on sustainable PT (public transport, cycling and walking) with systematic policy level decisions. Indian cities are growing rapidly in terms of population, urban sprawl, income levels and vehicle ownership. In contrast, PT modal shares are declining, causing congestion and undesirable emissions levels. At present, India urban population share is more than 30% and it is projected to reach 50% by 2039. As per latest urban statistics, less than 100 out of 496 Class-I cities are having organized public transport system. Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) has recommended target public transport shares for Indian cities in 1987 and it has also mentioned that all Class-I cities should target more than 30% of public transport modal share. These modal shares are at policy level target shares and not represent the city's existing characteristics such as population density, average trip length, etc. The present study analysis revealed that no Indian city is close to MoUD target public transport shares. Moreover, the PT modal shares are declining notably during last two decades. The decline in PT shares is a serious concern in terms of health, urban environment and city mobility sustainability. The research paper concentrates on what is the need for desirable PT modal shares and further it will propose the empirical assessment model to arrive desirable public transport shares for Indian cities based on its existing characteristics. Empirical assessment of desirable PT modal shares will help in decision making process to develop the cities in a sustainable way.

Transportation organizations, particularly public transport corporations, have not followed the lead of manufacturing or other service industries in adopting Total Quality Management (TQM). In recent years, quality has become an important competitive strategy in the global market. In near future, due to World Trade Organization agreements, globalization, and competitiveness, transport organizations have no choice other than adopting TQM for their survival.

- by Bhimaraya Metri
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- Urban And Regional Planning, Public transportation

Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) has emerged as a cost-effective mass transit system for urban mobility. The low infrastructure cost, perceived simplicity and network connectivity favor the adoption of bus rapid transit system as a viable mass transit option in many cities around the world. Dhaka, the 9th largest populous city in the world and the capital city of Bangladesh is experiencing severe traffic congestion and pollution problems resulting from the massive increase in personalized motorized vehicles. The four preferred modes of transport in Dhaka city are rickshaw (38%), bus (30%), walking (19%) and other motorized vehicles (8%).The high dependence on walking and rickshaw and a low dependence on buses are a symptom of inefficient and ineffective public transport operations. Clearly public transportation in Dhaka needs to be revitalized by promoting effective and affordable mass transit system with priority considerations of the introduction of BRT system. Bus rapid transit systems provide a means of fast and effective solution to increase transit demand that would surplus the limits of ordinary bus services in mixed traffic. However, bus rapid transit has inherent limitations and an ineffective BRT system has detrimental effects in terms of capacity, safety and serviceability. Most recently three BRT lines are being planned to be implemented in three different high demand passenger corridors in Dhaka city. It is important that experience and lessons learned from other BRT systems need to be evaluated and should be duly addressed towards promoting efficient BRT in Dhaka. This study aims at to review the performance of BRT systems around the world and evaluates them in the local context focusing on the aspects of safety, accessibility, environmental quality and reliability. This paper in particular concentrates to identify the operational aspects and pragmatic measures that should be considered towards promoting an efficient and sustainable BRT system in Dhaka.

- by Salma Sultana
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- Road safety, Mobility, Public transportation, Mass Transit Systems

Over the last decades, the rail sector has seen considerable reform in the European Union (EU). The overreaching goal has been to revitalise this sector and to make it more competitive to attract traffic from firms operating in other transport markets. By retrieving information from the OECD’s ETCR database, this paper focuses on the rail freight service market and answers the following research question: have liberalisation reform policies increased the market share of rail freight services in the EU? By contributing to the existing literature on the empirical assessment of liberalisation policies in the EU, our findings indicate a positive impact of liberalisation on the market shares of rail freight services. Nevertheless, the paper suggests that merely relying on these policies to sustain the economic growth of rail-freight firms might not suffice alone and that might be important to combine them with other policy solutions such as more environmental-friendly regulations.

The development of electro-mobility is one of the centerpieces of European country attempts to reduce carbon emissions and increase the quality of life in cities. The goals of reducing emissions from the transport sector and phasing out fossil-fueled vehicles in (urban) transport by 2050 present unrivaled opportunities to foster electro-mobility. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature and provides a detailed analysis of the current development of electro-mobility in Europe, assessing social, economic, and environmental aspects under a circular economy (CE) context. It also examines the existing challenges and suggests ways of addressing them towards improving the environmental performance of electro-mobility and the urban quality of life. The paper argues that a narrow technology-only agenda in electro-mobility will be less successful without the imperative of the CE, including not just materials and resources but also energy, to unlock the medium-term co-benef...

- by Richard Kotter
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- Business, Management, Electrical Engineering, Environmental Engineering

This thesis explores the theme of improving, in terms of speed and regularity, the road-operation of public transport systems, through control strategies in real time.
Specifically in this work are highlighted intervention strategies that falls in the two categories of "Vehicle Priority" and "Vehicle Holding", potentially conflicting the one with the other.
The analysis of scientific literature and best practice has shown that the two intervention strategies, leading the first at maximizing the commercial speed and the second to the maximization of regularity of service, are currently considered one independently from the other, both in the field of practical applications than in the one of theoretical speculation.
In this work is presented a new unified approach that reconciles both the strategies of intervention; moreover a method is introduced, implemented into a prototype software, for the calculation of the optimal strategy of the vehicle operating through regulation of fixed control points (eg. Signals road traffic lights) to allow a joint pursuit of speed maximization objectives and regularity of service.
The optimization method here formulated and tested is based on the combined use of (meta) heuristics (Genetic Algorythm, PSO and Hill Climbing) and traffic simulation methods able to reproduce and predict the temporal trajectories of individual public transport vehicles. The short-term prediction capabilities inherent in the use of simulation tools allows to generate solutions to the regulation problem which are extended "forward" both in the road space and time, thus allowing an approach to regulation that is both anticipatory and non-local. These characteristics allow in general to achieve road capacity relocation between neighboring intersections thus enabling, where possible, to reduce the competition between different modes of transport in the use of road capacity.
In this work are finally presented the results of a series of tests carried out both in the case of realizing the control through a normal signal pattern with ripetitive cycle and phases for each signal, both in the hypothesis less restrictive of red and green times generally variables during time for each signal.
The calculation effort of the prototype also suggest the possibility, through further developments, to use this method for real-time applications.
This PHD thesis is written in Italian Language.

The purpose of this paper is to find the benefits of the Autonomous technology and to encourage the Transit agencies to implement the Autonomous bus into the fleet. This main aim of this paper is to find the incremental costs and benefits of an Autonomous bus over a traditional 40’ diesel bus. It guides the transit agencies whether the autonomous bus is feasible or not. This paper provides all the costs and benefits occurred for an Autonomous bus in its lifetime. The current transit system across the USA use traditional diesel buses. It creates GHG emissions and not environmentally friendly. It consumes hundred thousand gallons of diesel per bus every year. The traditional diesel buses are also a reason for fatalities, injuries, and incidents. It doesn’t produce any benefits (excluding advertisements, tickets, etc.) to the transit agency.
A Cost-Benefit Analysis is used to find the costs and benefits of an Autonomous Bus. Six different alternatives are considered based on size and fuel type. The agency can select the specific alternative based on their ridership, budget and timeframe.
Cost-Benefit Analysis proved that the Autonomous technology is wiser than the traditional diesel buses. It saves the transit agency from capital & operational costs, reduces the environment affects and increase the quality of life of the people. Automation is beneficial in all perspectives.

Purpose of Study: The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficiency of bus bay compare to the curbside bus stop in a midblock road segment of Dhaka city. Methodology: Vehicle composition and traffic volume were counted on-peak hours for the midblock of Azimpur road near the existing bus stop. Simulation models were developed in VISSIM, where Model 1 represented the existing road scenario with curbside bus stop and Model 2 represented the same road segment with a bus bay. Main findings: The simulation result showed that Model 2 outperformed Model 1 due to the presence of bus bay. Comparing Model 1, travel time and delay reduced by varying 1.80% to 12.5% and 6.25% to 100% respectively in Model 2 during the simulation. Similarly, average speed increased by 1.39% and density decreased by 61.29% in model 2. Application of this study: Curbside bus stops result in abrupt halt, disrupt traffic flow, and queuing of the small-sized vehicle behind buses. These bus stops caused traffic congestion and delays in urban roads which can be alleviated by alternatives, such as, bus bay. The novelty of this study: The bus bay is a good alternative to the curbside bus stop, which can improve existing traffic conditions in urban roads.

- by Saurav Barua
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- Translation Studies, Urban Transportation, Public transportation

Digitalization coevolves with and fosters three revolutions in urban transport: sharing, electrification and automatization. This dynamic poses severe risks for social and environmental sustainability. Only strong public policies can... more

- by Martina Franzen
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- Sustainable Development, Urban Planning, Big Data, Public transportation

The autonomous vehicle (AV) appears to be very much on the minds and screens of the motoring public, if not yet in automobile dealership showrooms or on the roadways in large numbers. A great deal of funding is being made available to develop AV technologies by government and within industries associated with such technologies. The AV is also receiving unprecedented, often uncritical--if not confused, attention in the mass media around the globe. The latest technological advance--or setback, is becoming front page material in print media and receiving prominent coverage in the broadcast media. This article will explore the history, various types and promotion of this curious invention’s trajectory as well as evaluating the claims made on its behalf and possible limitations for its adoption on a grand scale. The goal of this article is not a technological or technical evaluation of automated vehicles but rather a review of some of the claims made on its behalf by its promoters in ord...

In this fast life, everyone is in hurry to reach their destinations. In this case waiting for the buses is not reliable. People who rely on the public transport their major concern is to know the real time location of the bus for which they are waiting for and the time it will take to reach their bus stop. This information helps people in making better travelling decisions. This paper gives the major challenges in the public transport system and discuses various approaches to intelligently manage it. Current position of the bus is acquired by integrating GPS device on the bus and coordinates of the bus are sent by either GPRS service provided by GSM networks or SMS or RFID. GPS device is enabled on the tracking device and this information is sent to centralized control unit or directly at the bus stops using RF receivers. This system is further integrated with the historical average speeds of each segment. This is done to improve the accuracy by including the factors like volume of traffic, crossings in each segment, day and time of day. People can track information using LEDs at bus stops, SMS, web application or Android application. GPS coordinates of the bus when sent to the centralized server where various arrival time estimation algorithms are applied using historical speed patterns.

- by PARTEEK BHATIA
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- Computer Science, Public Transport, GPS Applications, Android Development

The planning and organisation of public passenger transport in rural areas is a complex process. The transport demand in rural areas is often low, which makes it hard to establish and run a financially sustainable public transport system. A solution is integrated passenger transport that eliminates deficiencies and provides benefits for all participants in the public passenger transport process. This paper describes the impact of integrated passenger transport on mobility in rural areas and critically evaluates different literature sources. Integration of passenger transport in urban areas has been described in the context of rural areas, and the challenges of integration of public passenger transport specific to rural areas have been analysed. Through the application in urban and rural areas, the planning of integrated and non-integrated passenger transport has been functionally analysed. The analysis found an increase in the degree of mobility in the areas that use integrated passenger transport compared to the non-integrated one. This research of the literature review has identified the rural areas of mobility as under-researched. The mobility research can set up a more efficient passenger transport planning system in rural areas.

- by Borna Abramovic and +1
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- Railway Transport, Transport Planning, Sustainable Rural Development, Mobility Management

A state-of-the-art four-point tiedown system, a prototype automatic docking system, and a prototype rear-facing wheelchair passenger station (RF-WPS) were installed in a large accessible transit vehicle (LATV). A manual wheelchair, powered wheelchair, and a three-wheeled scooter were used to test the securement performance of each wheelchair securement system during LATV normal driving, hard braking, and rapid turning maneuvers. All test wheelchairs were loaded with an ISO 7176 Part 11 compliant loader gage representing the weight of an average male wheelchair occupant. A tri-axial accelerometer measured vehicle acceleration during driving maneuvers, and a low-tech movement tracking system measured wheelchair movement during driving maneuvers. Results show that each wheelchair securement system limited wheelchair displacement to less than the 51-mm Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) displacement limitation, and none of the securement systems showed visible signs of failure. Accelerations during LATV normal driving, hard braking, and rapid turning did not exceed 0.76 g.

Tworzenie systemów transportu publicznego w miastach małych i średnich jest paradoksalnie trudniejszym zadaniem niż w dużych aglomeracjach. Celem pracy magisterskiej było opracowanie koncepcji systemu transportu publicznego dla gminy Września, która przygotowana została w oparciu o badania i analizy autora. W pracy bazowano na badaniach ankietowych oraz materiałach kartograficznych i statystycznych. Charakterystykę obszaru badań określono na podstawie analizy położenia geograficznego
i administracyjnego, przy jednoczesnej analizie uwarunkowań transportowych występujących w gminie. Przeprowadzone badania ankietowe stanowiły fundament wskazanych kierunków rozwoju transportu publicznego obszaru badań w oparciu o niskoemisyjny tabor. W stworzonej koncepcji określono przebieg linii komunikacyjnych, zapotrzebowanie na infrastrukturę transportową oraz pracę eksploatacyjną. Stworzono także kosztorys niezbędnych do poniesienia nakładów rzeczowo-finansowych.

- by Yung-chiang Lee
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- Structural Engineering, Public transportation, Railroads

Crime on the railways in Britain is an increasing concern for train operating companies, the British Transport Police (BTP), passengers, and local residents. Significantly, rail users consistently perceive their risks from crime to be considerably higher than official crime statistics indicate, having a negative affect on levels of patronage. This article presents an exploratory study of passengers' fear of crime while waiting at railway stations using Quick Time Virtual Reality (QTVR) walkthrough scenes. QTVR arguably represents an innovative, dynamic, and interactive environmental stimulus for gaining insights into passengers' fear of crime. Visibility at stations was identified as a crucial factor in determining levels of fear of crime. The design of the station shelter is analyzed as an example of how crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) is being implemented on railway stations by Valley Lines (Wales and Borders Trains) on its network in South Wales (UK).

- by Paul Cozens
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- Urban And Regional Planning, Public, Public transportation

This research examines the criteria to assess Smart Urban Mobility. The research goal is to define the criteria related to smart urban mobility and to investigate their mutual influences. The study proposes six criteria applied to the analysis of environment, governance, infrastructure and economy. The DEMATEL method of multi has been applied to analyse the relationship, influence and impact experts have been evaluated the criteria. The first group consists of six experts from academia; the second group includes five experts from the city administration. All experts have long experience in transport planning. The assessment of criteria has been made individually for each expert from both groups. The results show that the scores of criteria by both groups are close. It was found that the criteria mobility (18.16%), connectivity (16.75%) and environment (mobility. The criteria in the cause group are urban planning, governance, infrastructure, and economy. The criteria in the effect group are mobility, connectivity and environment. They are influenced by other factors. The AHP method has been used to validate the results given by the DEMATEL method. The results of both methods are close. The novelty in this study weights and their mutual influences, and methodology can be used in future studies to assess various megalopolises in terms of Smart Urban Mobility. This research examines the criteria to assess Smart Urban Mobility. The research goal is to define the criteria related to smart urban mobility and to investigate their mutual influences. The study proposes six the analysis of transportation in Beijing city: urban planning, mobility, connectivity, environment, governance, infrastructure and economy. The DEMATEL method of multi has been applied to analyse the relationship, influence and impact of criteria on each other. Two groups of experts have been evaluated the criteria. The first group consists of six experts from academia; the second group includes five experts from the city administration. All experts have long experience in transport anning. The assessment of criteria has been made individually for each expert from both groups. The results show that the scores of criteria by both groups are close. It was found that the criteria mobility (18.16%), connectivity (16.75%) and environment (16.69%) have a major impact on smart urban mobility. The criteria in the cause group are urban planning, governance, infrastructure, and economy. The criteria in the effect group are mobility, connectivity and environment. They are influenced by other ors. The AHP method has been used to validate the results given by the DEMATEL method. The results of both methods are close. The novelty in this study regards the defined criteria, determined weights and their mutual influences, and the analysis for the situation of Beijing. The proposed methodology can be used in future studies to assess various megalopolises in terms of Smart Urban Urban Mobility; Smart city; Public transportation; DEMATEL; Analytic Hierarchy Process Correspondence should be addressed to Asim Farooq; This research examines the criteria to assess Smart Urban Mobility. The research goal is to define the criteria related to smart urban mobility and to investigate their mutual influences. The study proposes six Beijing city: urban planning, mobility, connectivity, environment, governance, infrastructure and economy. The DEMATEL method of multi-criteria analysis of criteria on each other. Two groups of experts have been evaluated the criteria. The first group consists of six experts from academia; the second group includes five experts from the city administration. All experts have long experience in transport anning. The assessment of criteria has been made individually for each expert from both groups. The results show that the scores of criteria by both groups are close. It was found that the criteria mobility 16.69%) have a major impact on smart urban mobility. The criteria in the cause group are urban planning, governance, infrastructure, and economy. The criteria in the effect group are mobility, connectivity and environment. They are influenced by other ors. The AHP method has been used to validate the results given by the DEMATEL method. The defined criteria, determined ituation of Beijing. The proposed methodology can be used in future studies to assess various megalopolises in terms of Smart Urban

Congestion on roads results in infrastructural deficiencies including massive delays, greater fatalities, and enhanced mental stresses, reduced transit efficiency, and increased travel costs. Traffic is a major problem specifically in the central area of the Lahore city. This study is aimed at understanding the traffic congestion from the stakeholders' perspective and suggesting congestion mitigation measures. A sample of 365 respondents was included through the administration of the questionnaire survey to record the explanatory variables. For this purpose, random cluster sampling method was employed to select respondents (135 pedestrians, 107 shopkeepers, 116 motorists). In-depth interviews were conducted with 7 individuals from Traffic Engineering and Planning Agency (TEPA) and Department of Transportation Engineering and Management (DTEM), about their perceptions of traffic management in the Lahore city. The results are described in the form of statistics of the data, qualitatively and quantitatively. The study has shown that the illegal parking on roadside, bad attitude of motorists and shop keepers, encroachments and running business on streets are the primary reasons for traffic congestion. These traffic congestions are hindering the efficient movements of the flow entities and causing mental stresses in the local residents. The findings of this study endorse that strict enforcement of traffic laws, provision of adequate parking spaces, provision of overhead pedestrian bridges , and education of traffic rules among masses could help to manage the traffic congestion in the central area of Lahore city.

- by Abdur Rahim
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- Sustainable Transportation, Pakistan, Congestion Control, Traffic Engineering

This paper presents how the public transportation system can be enhanced in an Iraq city called Duhok. Nowadays, the city suffers from rapid population growth which influences on an increased number of cars during the last two decades. This phenomenon causes a lot of social, environmental, and economic problems to both local people and the local government. Therefore, the project suggests the implementation of a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) to get well functioning and efficient public transportation system. the research paper consists of various steps to achieve realistic and appropriate PPP approach for the city. the study proposing a mid-term plan for the project. the project getting through four main phases; analysis, planning and justifying implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. The report shows in detail how those various steps can be achieved.

- by Saado H. Hamo
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- Public transportation
- by Till Koglin
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- Public Transport, Public transportation

This paper analyses regional public transport planning in Sweden. The aim is to provide an insight into how policy objectives are translated into action and to investigate how public transport measures are evaluated. The analysis is based on interviews with civil servants in five Swedish regions. Cost-benefit analysis is sparsely used (if ever) and the results further indicate that planning and evaluation of public transport is to a large extent centred around monitoring on-going trends, e.g. patronage and market share. Such information seems policy-relevant, i.e. is commonly asked for by the political level. The informants do ask for more knowledge regarding various effects (mainly social). However, it is less certain whether or not this knowledge would be used for economic evaluation. Regional and local public transport systems are complex, and intrinsically linked to land use and long-term regional ambitions. Instead of asking how public transport planning should be carried out, following CBA analyses, we should perhaps ask how the economic analysis could be tuned so that it becomes relevant for public transport planning. We foresee that the broader role of the public transport system will increase goal conflicts between, and within, authorities.

- by Erik Johansson and +1
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- Transport Economics, Sustainable Transportation, Transportation Studies, Public Transport

This paper illustrates the existing public transport policy framework at Federal, Regional, State, District and Council levels. It highlights specific policies which need to be taken into account at each level, as some remarkable improvements and integration are implemented on the public transport system in Penang. The useful information as found in this paper will subsequently be used to improve a policy-based assessment framework, which in turn serves to assess the performance of Penang public transport policy. This policy framework will attempt to repudiate the overarching need to come up with a final strategy, to assist in the delivery of policy objectives at all levels of the government. In order for the state’s urban public transport to be improved, it must have the support of the public, the politicians, and co-operation from all agencies including the Federal government itself.

The goal of Sustainable Development Electrification of Transit is to contribute to Canada’s capacity for investment, implementation, and assessment of Zero Electric Buses (ZEB). A sustainable transportation system is one that is safe, affordable, accessible, efficient and resilient, and that contributes minimal emissions of carbon and other pollutants. The adoption of Zero-Emissions Bus (ZEB) buses fits squarely within a sustainable transit electrification strategy (STES). ZEB transit is identified by all levels of government in Canada and transit authorities as a critical step in meeting clean growth goals and zero-emissions targets. ZEB includes transit infrastructure, battery (BEB) and hydrogen (FCEB) as well as hybrid diesel buses across Canada. The research team analyzed Canadian and international literature, governmental, academic and industry data sources, and sought and characterized analytics tools that could support analysis and implementation of ZEB. These sources were stored in searchable databases and analyzed according to sub-themes relevant to Transportation Systems, Environmental, Economic, Social (including Equity and Health), ZEB and Analytic Technology categories. Data collection methods and types as well as equity considerations (GBA+) were considered for all sources. Stakeholder interviews and a workshop supplemented secondary source analysis. Researchers deployed a thematic analytics tool to derive key themes in literature and interviews. If achieved, impacts are far-reaching: reduction of emissions and particulates, improved quality of urban life through less pollution and noise, improved health of residents, more equitable and affordable reach and choice of transit, industry growth, and green job creation. Secondary benefits include densification and cost reduction of pollution-induced disease for the healthcare system.

- by Sara Diamond
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- Sustainable Development, Health Equity, Public transportation, Social Equity

The purpose of this study is to identify users’ characteristics of Divvy Bike Sharing System (BSS) which was introduced in 2013 to provide as an alternative transportation mode and drastically expanded its bike network since then. This study explores users’ characteristics by using dataset collected through docking stations in Chicago in Q4 of 2017 and breaks down that data into categories to discover significant findings. This study also gives recommendations by looking at data to attract more users in order to increase ridership and thereby profits.
Keywords: Chicago, Divvy Bike Sharing System, bike sharing, ridership, user characteristics

- by Hamza Saracoglu
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- Transportation Engineering, Urban Planning, Public transportation, Bike Sharing

The aim of this work is to describe the moral and political implications of urbanism. To do so I will argue that urbanism is an object for philosophical inquiry (Chapter 2). In Chapter 2 I will present my definition of something I call value-setting type of urbanism, which will be one of three main theoretical features I will present in this work. The city as a phenomenon is not understood adequately, and I will argue that we as human beings have to rethink the concept of a city to be able to see and understand the phenomenon in all consequences (Chapter 3). Cities are built environments. I do argue that, as architect Jan Gehl famously said, “first we shape cities and then they shape us”. The background of this work is based on the moral theory of Jesse Prinz, which was the subject of my two previous dissertations. In this respect, morality is not objective or universal; it is shaped and conditioned by culture, education etc.
The goal of this work is to examine the influence of urbanism as a trigger of human morality and thus political stands. I will go deeper into the social, moral and political effects of built environments and the political character of the cities (Chapter 4), which I will demonstrate on three different examples that show how built environments can shape their inhabitants.
Because I do argue that built environments (urban spaces) are inherently political and are backed with ideology, I will present Lefebvre’s theory of “Right to the city” (Chapter 5), which will be the main political theory used in this work.
Cities are backed with ideology and as spaces they are political. What does it mean in real life? I will answer this question (Chapter 6) via describing the tools used in urban spaces to shape human (inhabitants) behavior. Part of this chapter is dedicated to the definition of pro-social behavior. Part of this chapter will be another theoretical feature I propose, the theory of free market of morals. After proving that cities are shaping human behavior in the small context of used tools, I will go further to present different approaches to the city, which are telling us the story of how human behavior in the city is shaped in larger context, by whole theories of thinking (Chapter 7). Chapter 7 ends with the implications of the so-called approach of Biomimicry and the notion of eco-utopia, which will lead to the chapter (Chapter 8) dedicated to the Utopian Urban Spaces. As a part of this chapter I will define what is Utopian Urban Space – a dreamed good, common, social place to live in. The last chapter (Chapter 9) consists of three cases of different cities that used the value-setting type of urbanism in a different way. The last example: the city of Zlín, is then a culmination of my theoretical features presented in this work.
The goal of my work is to focus on the moral and political implications of urbanism from the perspective of the moral theory of Jesse Prinz. Once an object (in my case urbanism) is shaping people’s emotions, it is shaping their morality. In my work I use this perspective as an interpretative tool through which I analyze real-life case studies. As the language of this work is English, all quotes that are quoted from different languages will be translated by me to English and the original quotes will be available below the translated ones. It is mostly the case of French sources, which I had the luck to discover during my research stay at Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3 in France.

- by Vladan Klement
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- Political Philosophy, Architecture, Urban Planning, Urbanism

Our daily life now can not be separated from the development of information systems technology. Almost all areas of work utilize information systems technology to simplify our work. Information systems technology can help computerize our work to be faster, more efficient and integrated. However, there are still many areas of work that have not utilized technology to help simplify their work.for example, in the transportation industry, especially transportation of Bajaj which most of its management still use manual system.Bajaj is a public transportation that has existed since the 1970s and can still survive until now,although bajaj has several times experienced a renewal, but the business model that run until now still not computerized properly, where in regulating business activities bajaj the owners still use the recording and processing of data by using the book or not even done the transcribe at all. This poses difficulties to the bajaj owners in running the business because they can not make quick decisions because the data processing they use is still manually. So this application is made to facilitate the transcribe to replace the previous manual system that can facilitate in terms of data processing both in terms of rental and return Bajaj, so Bajaj transportation business can run well. The application is a website based application using First Come First Served algorithm. this application is expected to process bajaj transportation data in order to facilitate bajaj owners in transcribe borrowing and bajaj return and decision making on the bajaj transportation business.

Public transport in Douala is highly unreliable and people have progressively turned toward more agile
and door-to-doors transport provided by the informal sector, such as taxis and moto taxis called Okada.
The moto taxis have become a booming business, fostered by rising demand, low acquisition cost, and
the lack of regulation. Formal bus trips are operated by the privately-owned bus company SOCATUR
and represent less than 1% of the total trips made daily in the city (World Bank, 2018). Bus services
are offered on nine routes with an aging fleet of 100 buses and at low frequency (World Bank 2018).
Overall, the current transport system in Douala is inefficient, unsafe, economically and ecologically
unsustainable. Douala’s travel demand will increase in the coming years as well as the negative
impacts of poor public transport. A high and unorganized presence of informal vendors and street
traders, especially around key transit nodes, further complicates the situation. Whereas the CUD
(Douala City Council) has in an effort to promote public transport services, increased its shares in
SOCATUR with the aim of expanding the number of buses and routes offered, the increased travel
demand generated by the growth in economic activities is more likely to be met through motor taxi
service (Okada). They are more accessible, cheap and faster despite the lack of safety and higher
impact on air pollution (World Bank report 2018)

- by Karsten Penn Awa and +3
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- Cameroon, Public transportation, Sustainable Urban Transportation

This 2013 paper was a general overview proposing a light rail transit line for Savannah, Georgia. It primarily explores the economic costs and benefits of such a system. Cost estimates are rough, and they do not account for archaeology,... more

- by Andrew Watts
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- Public Administration, Public Transit, Public transportation, Light Rail

The definition of Park and Ride (P&R) was as combines travel by car and public transport. This system facility consists of car parks connected with public transportation. Public user or visitors usually travel into city or destination and leave their vehicles in a provided car park. P&R system had been implemented in others country in the world such as United State, United Kingdom, Scotland, Korea and Singapore. In Malaysia, the P&R system was first introduce in collaboration with start of facilities for KL Sentral in 16 April 2001. In KL Sentral, P&R system provides integrated facilities for buses and trains such as PUTRA LRT, KTM Komuter, KL Monorail ERL and cities buses. Putrajaya had start implement bus-based P&R from 1 September 2006. And for rail-based, P&R system was connected with a high speed rail link called KLIA Transit in 2002, which links Putrajaya to both Kuala Lumpur and KL International Airport in Sepang. The objectives of this case study were to determine the users' awareness of Park and Rides in Putrajaya, to assess the level of usage of the Park & Ride facilities at Putrajaya and to identify the quality of service for Park and Ride facilities at Putrajaya. As a summary of the outcomes, only 58% of Putrajaya citizen know about P&R and only 17% use the facilities every day. Meanwhile 11% of the citizen never use the facilities. The average quality of services for P&R facilities in Precinct 1 Putrajaya is LOS D. But in others hand, the users think the quality is in LOS B.

O transporte coletivo de passageiros pelo espaço urbano é um serviço que surge no Brasil como uma manifestação do processo de modernização das relações sociais de produção no país. Em sua longa trajetória urbana, as relações sociais e econômicas que pautam a necessidade de deslocamento nas cidades brasileiras adquirem crescente complexidade. Espaço de disputa entre diversos grupos sociais, as sucessivas configurações do sistema de transporte urbano revelam facetas tanto do processo de produção do espaço brasileiro como da consolidação das relações capitalistas no Brasil. A presente dissertação busca discutir a relação entre transporte urbano, produção do espaço e mobilização popular a partir da reconstituição da formação e trajetória do setor das empresas prestadoras de transporte por ônibus, entendendo que este é o setor mais longevo e que por mais tempo deteve a hegemonia nas determinações do sistema de transporte urbano brasileiro. Além disso, este trabalho busca identificar e debater as características das principais mobilizações populares a respeito dos transportes, dentro do contexto da urbanização brasileira, o mais amplo e rápido processo ocorrido em escala mundial no século XX. Para tanto, as cidades de Belo Horizonte e São Paulo são tomadas como os locais a partir dos quais a narrativa se desenvolve. Como metodologia, é realizado um levantamento do debate acadêmico no âmbito do transporte público e da questão urbana brasileira, por meio do qual se buscará debater as abordagens existentes e caracterizar a trajetória do setor a partir da perspectiva marxiana de reprodução ampliada do capital. Por fim, apresenta-se um estudo sobre os movimentos recentes pelo transporte e a história e contexto específicos do movimento Tarifa Zero BH entre os anos de 2013 e 2015. Espera-se assim apresentar uma contribuição na discussão das perspectivas e desafios da construção de um sistema de transporte urbano verdadeiramente controlado pela população, que possibilite a criação de relações livres e justas na cidade.