Swimming Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

The duration of breath-hold dives and the available time for foraging in submerged prey patches is ultimately constrained by oxygen balance. There is a close relationship between swim speed and oxygen utilisation, so it is likely that... more

The duration of breath-hold dives and the available time for foraging in submerged prey patches is ultimately constrained by oxygen balance. There is a close relationship between swim speed and oxygen utilisation, so it is likely that breath-holding divers optimise their speeds to and from the feeding patch to maximise time spent feeding at depth. Optimal foraging models suggest that transit swim speed should decrease to minimum cost of transport (MCT) speed in deeper and longer duration dives. Observations also suggest that descent and ascent swimming mode and speed may vary in response to changes in buoyancy. We measured the swimming behaviour during simulated foraging of seven captive female grey seals (two adults and five pups). Seals had to swim horizontally underwater from a breathing box to a submerged automatic feeder. The distance to the feeder and the rate of prey food delivery could be varied to simulate different feeding conditions. Diving durations and distances travell...

Stress responses in athletes can be attributed to training and competition, where increased physiological and psychological stress may negatively affect performance and recovery. To examine the relationship between training load (TL) and... more

Stress responses in athletes can be attributed to training and competition, where increased physiological and psychological stress may negatively affect performance and recovery. To examine the relationship between training load (TL) and salivary biomarkers immunoglobulin A (IgA), alpha-amylase (AA), and cortisol across a 16-wk preparation phase and 10-d competition phase in Paralympic swimmers. Four Paralympic swimmers provided biweekly saliva samples during 3 training phases-(1) normal training, (2) intensified training, and (3) taper-as well as daily saliva samples in the 10-d Paralympic competition (2016 Paralympic Games). TL was measured using session rating of perceived exertion. Multilevel analysis identified a significant increase in salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA: 94.98 [27.69] μg·mL), salivary alpha-amylase (sAA: 45.78 [19.07] μg·mL), and salivary cortisol (7.92 [2.17] nM) during intensified training concurrent with a 38.3% increase in TL. During the taper phase, a 49.5% ...

The swimrun is a new endurance team-sport based on two persons swimming and running alternatively through open water and mostly trails. The aim of this study was to analyse participation and performance trends for males, females and mixed... more

The swimrun is a new endurance team-sport based on two persons swimming and running alternatively through open water and mostly trails. The aim of this study was to analyse participation and performance trends for males, females and mixed duo team at the ÖTILLÖ Swimrun race (10 km open-water swimming and 65 km trail running). During the 2012–2016 period, the mean total time performance of the best athletes at the ÖTILLÖ Swimrun decreased significantly by 17 min/year for males, 40 min/year for mixed and 59 min/year for females duo, respectively. The difference in performance between the best males and females duo (26 ± 15%) was significantly greater compared to the difference between males and mixed duo (12 ± 8%). The number of swimrun races organized across the world has dramatically increased these last years and will probably continue to grow up in the future. Swimrun athletes are still not very experienced, thus both improvements in performance and reduction in sex difference are...

Acute pulmonary disorders are commonplace within the athletic population, with exercise induced bronchoconstriction, and vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) common diagnoses. VCD is a condition that causes the vocal folds to close during... more

Acute pulmonary disorders are commonplace within the athletic population, with exercise induced bronchoconstriction, and vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) common diagnoses. VCD is a condition that causes the vocal folds to close during inhalation, causing obstruction at the larynx and thereby a severely impaired sporting performance. VCD can be brought on by laryngeal irritants, emotional and psychological stress and asthma. The present case study details the interdisciplinary approach to the treatment of an elite female swimmer with VCD with an intervention programme that lasted nine weeks, instigated by a local general practitioner who chose to engage a sport psychology practitioner due to the sport-specific nature of the psychological stress she experienced. The steps involved in the design of the sport psychology interventions are outlined and the relationship of those interventions to the work of the other specialists is discussed. The nine-week intervention programme was aimed at reducing the swimmer's levels of precompetitive state anxiety and perfectionist tendencies; using a combination of goal-setting, imagery, and cognitive restructuring. During the course of nine weeks, the athlete’s levels of competitive state anxiety and perfectionist tendencies reduced over time along with the frequency of VCD occurrence.

A stochastic model of swimming speed over the course of a male 200m freestyle swimming race is proposed. It builds on a dynamical model reflecting the trade-off between drag and propulsion in swimming. The parameters of the model are... more

A stochastic model of swimming speed over the course of a male 200m freestyle swimming race is proposed. It builds on a dynamical model reflecting the trade-off between drag and propulsion in swimming. The parameters of the model are estimated from elapsed time data observed at several points along the pool. The model fits the data well and also provides a good description of the swimming strategies of each swimmer from phase to phase in the race. An individual factor measuring how much faster or slower the individual swims relative to the average swimming speed of the race is simultaneously estimated in the course of fitting the model. This factor is, as expected, closely related to the final outcome of the race.

Within laboratory–induced swarms of the marine copepodTemora longicornis, the male exhibits chemically mediated trail–following behaviour, concluding with fluid mechanical provocation of the mate–capture response. The location and... more

Within laboratory–induced swarms of the marine copepodTemora longicornis, the male exhibits chemically mediated trail–following behaviour, concluding with fluid mechanical provocation of the mate–capture response. The location and structure of the invisible trail were determined by examining the specific behaviour of the female copepods creating the signal, the response of the male to her signal, and the fluid physics of signal persistence. Using the distance of the mate–tracking male from the ageing trail of the female, we estimated that the molecular diffusion coefficient of the putative pheromonal stimulant was 2.7 times–5cm2s–1, or 1000 times slower than the diffusion of momentum. Estimates of signal strength levels, using calculations of diffusive properties of odour trails and attenuation rates of fluid mechanical signals, were compared to the physiological and behavioural threshold detection levels. Males find trails because of strong across–plume chemical gradients; males so...

The aim of this study was to compare the longitudinal arch of the foot male elite athletes and non-athletes in swimming and track and field. Since the researchers based on the facts, available research and variable already exist in the... more

The aim of this study was to compare the longitudinal arch of the foot male elite athletes and non-athletes in swimming and track and field. Since the researchers based on the facts, available research and variable already exist in the sample were imported by the researcher. This study was causal-comparative field-descriptive. The population of this research was an was chosen from elite athletes branch man who has 5 years of experience in swimming and athletics who has professional training and non-athletes. People students participating in public physical education course in the second semester of the academic year enrolled 2014-15 were included. A statistical sample study of 80 elite was chosen between male athletes in swimming and track and field. 20 individuals were chosen from each. And 20, as well were chosen between non-athletes. The students participating in physical education classes Unit 1 Shahrekord University 2014-15 in the second semester of the academic year (as a control) were selected randomly. Foot arch height ratio method to measure samples Navi was used. For comparing, the average height of the navicular to the bottom of the third group; one-way ANOVA and to determine the correlation between BMI and height ratio Navi Pearson correlation coefficient was used in seven groups. The results showed that significant differences between the study groups were observed in the foot arch index. The results showed that the mean height of the vessel during athletes' samples showed different disciplines (swimming and running) there is a significant difference with non-athletes.

Quantitative evaluation of synergic action among the different body segments is funda- mental to swimming performance. The aim of the present study was to develop an easy-to-use tool for stroke-by-stroke evaluation of a swimmer’s... more

Quantitative evaluation of synergic action among the different body segments is funda- mental to swimming performance. The aim of the present study was to develop an easy-to-use tool for stroke-by-stroke evaluation of a swimmer’s integrated timing of stroking, kicking, and breathing. Twelve swimmers were evaluated during one trial of 100 m front-crawl swimming at self-selected speed. Five three-axial inertial sensors were mounted on the head, wrists, and ankles. Algorithms for the wrist entry into the water, the lower limb beat during the downward action, and the exit/entry of the face from/into the water were developed. Temporal events identified by video-based technique, using one sagittal moving camera, were assumed as the gold standard. The performance was evaluated in terms of the root-mean-square error, 90th percentile of absolute error, coefficient of variation, Bland–Altman plots, and correlation analysis. Results of all temporal events showed high agreement with the gold standard, confirmed by a root-mean-square error of less than 0.05 s for absolute temporal parameters and less than 0.7% for the percentages of the stroke cycle duration, and with correlation coefficients higher than 0.856. The protocol proposed was not only accurate and reliable, but also user-friendly and as unobtrusive as possible for the swimmer, allowing a stroke-by-stroke analysis during the training session.

In this article, following on from earlier debates in the journal regarding the ‘thorny issue’ of epochē and bracketing in sociological phenomenological research, we consider more generally the challenges of engaging in reflexivity and... more

In this article, following on from earlier debates in the journal regarding
the ‘thorny issue’ of epochē and bracketing in sociological phenomenological research, we consider more generally the challenges of engaging in reflexivity and bracketing when undertaking ethnographic ‘insider’ research, or research in familiar settings. We ground our discussion and illustrate some of the key challenges by drawing on the experience of undertaking this research approach with a group of competitive swimmers, who were participating in a British university performance swimming programme at the time of the doctoral study. The primaryresearcher was highly familiar with the phenomenon of competitive swimming, having been both a competitive swimmer and swimming coach. Some of the key elements of a sociological phenomenological approach to studying physical-cultural embodiment are first delineated, before addressing the considerable challenges of engaging in sustained reflexivity and bracketing, using the swimming research for illustrative purposes. We suggest some practical ways in which researchers in sport and physical cultures might approach epochē and bracketing in ethnographic ‘insider’ research.

The present study aimed to examine how high- and low-speed swimmers organise biomechanical, energetic and coordinative factors throughout extreme intensity swim. Sixteen swimmers (eight high- and eight low-speed) performed, in free... more

The present study aimed to examine how high- and low-speed swimmers organise biomechanical, energetic and coordinative factors throughout extreme intensity swim. Sixteen swimmers (eight high- and eight low-speed) performed, in free condition, 100-m front crawl at maximal intensity and 25, 50 and 75-m bouts (at same pace as the previous 100-m), and 100-m maximal front crawl on the measuring active drag system (MAD-system). A 3D dual-media optoelectronic system was used to assess speed, stroke frequency, stroke length, propelling efficiency and index of coordination (IdC), with power assessed by MAD-system and energy cost by quantifying oxygen consumption plus blood lactate. Both groups presented a similar profile in speed, power output, stroke frequency, stroke length, propelling efficiency and energy cost along the effort, while a distinct coordination profile was observed (F(3, 42) = 3.59, P = 0.04). Speed, power, stroke frequency and propelling efficiency (not significant, only a ...

In the present study, the effects of acupuncture on the behavioral and physiological responses induced by chronic mild stress (CMS) were evaluated. Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to a variety of chronic unpredictable, mild stressors for... more

In the present study, the effects of acupuncture on the behavioral and physiological responses induced by chronic mild stress (CMS) were evaluated. Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to a variety of chronic unpredictable, mild stressors for 8 weeks. The effects of acupuncture on stress-induced anxiety and anhedonia were investigated using the elevated plus maze (EPM) and sucrose intake test. In addition,

Acute pulmonary edema may be induced by diving and strenuous swimming. We report the case of a diver using closed-circuit, scuba equipment who developed acute dyspnea, hemoptysis, and hypoxemia following a dive in 18 degreesC (64.4... more

Acute pulmonary edema may be induced by diving and strenuous swimming. We report the case of a diver using closed-circuit, scuba equipment who developed acute dyspnea, hemoptysis, and hypoxemia following a dive in 18 degreesC (64.4 degrees F) water and physical exertion during the swim back to shore. With the growing popularity of recreational scuba diving, emergency physicians are liable to be faced with increasing numbers of diving-related medical problems. Diving-induced pulmonary edema should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute hypoxemia, sometimes accompanied by acid-base abnormalities, when this is seen in a diver.