Tipu Sultan Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

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- Kerala-Malabar Studies, History of Malabar, Tipu Sultan

The paper published in Santam magazine in July 2016 critically looks into the demonization of Tipu Sultan by the Parivar and some caste Hindu forces and "academic historians" in Kerala and probes the lasting legacy of Tipu in Malabar and in the modernisation of Kerala, relying on works written in Malayalam and English, from P K Balakrishnan to William Darlymple.

- by Ajay Sekher
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- Modernization, Kerala, History of Malabar, Tipu Sultan

''India, Modernity and the Great Divergence is an original and pioneering book about India’s transition towards modernity and the rise of the West. The work examines global entanglements alongside the internal dynamics of 17th to 19th century Mysore and Gujarat in comparison to other regions of Afro-Eurasia. It is an interdisciplinary survey that enriches our historical understanding of South Asia, ranging across the fascinating and intertwined worlds of modernizing rulers, wealthy merchants, curious scholars, utopian poets, industrious peasants and skilled artisans. Bringing together socio-economic and political structures, warfare, techno-scientific innovations, knowledge production and transfer of ideas, this book forces us to rethink the reasons behind the emergence of the modern world.''

Biographical article on Sir John Malcolm and his History of Persia. (2014)

During the second half of the eighteenth century, the first Muslim rulers of Mysore—Haidar ‘Ali (c. 1720-82) and his son Tipu Sultan (c. 1750-99)—were amongst the first South and West Asian rulers to unleash a process of administrative, socio-economic and military proto-modernisation. Haidar, a rather cautious and pragmatic autocrat who could neither read nor write, ruled within the framework of the traditional Mughal system of governance. Highly skilled in administrative, military and diplomatic realms, he initiated the proto-modernisation of the army and took some important measures towards the establishment of a central state. In turn, Tipu was an educated autocrat, fond of administrative, socio-economic, military, and technological inventions and innovations which he intended to use in the struggle against the British occupying forces in South India. In the extant literature, Tipu is either being idealised as an “enlightened” ruler or described as a pre-modern despot. Few scholars have given a balanced account of his rule by depicting both his autocratic style of leadership, as well as the pragmatic features and proto-modernising aspects of his rule. This article is concerned with the biographic and historical background of Haidar ‘Ali and Tipu Sultan and aims to furnish a concerted account of their rule by consulting fresh printed and unprinted primary sources in English, French and German.

- by Kaveh Yazdani
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- History, Early Modern History, History of India, Indian studies

Segala isi kandungan (teks dan grafik) yang ada dalam ebook ini adalah hak milik sugarush.net. Kandungan ini tidak boleh disalin atau dicetak untuk tujuan dagangan atau pengedaran, malah ia tidak boleh diubahsuai atau dipindah ke ebook atau laman web yang lain kecuali dengan persetujuan pihak sugarush.net. Apa-apa jenis penggunaan yang lain termasuklah peniruan, pengubahsuaian, pengedaran, penyiaran atau penerbitan semula segala isi kandungan ebook ini adalah dilarang sama sekali.

- by razif ibrahim
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- Tipu Sultan

It was during the reigns of the late-eighteenth-century rulers of
Mysore, Haidar ‘Ali (r.1761–82) and Tipu Sultan (r.1782–99), that one
of the earliest efforts of semi-modernization in the regions of West,
Central and South Asia, as well as North Africa was taking place. Some
scholars have described Haidar and Tipu as premodern rulers, but
continuity and tradition do not fully explain Mysore’s transitional
character, which was embodied in these rulers’ reforms. Their
encounter with European powers convinced and compelled them
that a transformation of state and society was the most promising
means to resist colonization and remain independent. The following
will inquire into Mysore’s late-eighteenth-century foreign relations
and recruitment of foreign artisans. It will be intended to assert
that neither can these efforts be exclusively understood in terms of
tradition nor do they reflect the minds of modern rulers. Instead, they
manifest a historical juncture that was neither dominantly traditional
nor modern, but resided in a transitory phase.

- by Kaveh Yazdani
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- History, Ottoman History, Medieval History, Early Modern History

The wooden tiger made for Tipu Sultan, ruler of Mysore (1782-1799), is one of the most famous objects in the Victoria and Albert Museum. The almost life-size beast crouches over a prostrate European soldier, and a flap in the side of its body conceals the keyboard of an internal organ.
The tiger was seized by East India Company troops after the Siege of Seringapatam when Tipu Sultan was killed and his rich treasury seized. The most valuable items were shared out on the spot between the EIC soldiers. Some time later, the wooden tiger was discovered in the music room of the palace. It was shipped to London and displayed in the Company’s new India Museum. In 1879, when the Museum’s collections were dispersed, it was transferred to the South Kensington Museum, later renamed the Victoria and Albert Museum.
This chapter in a collection of essays on famous objects in the V&A describes the storming of Tipu Sultan’s capital city, the looting that followed, and the fate of Tipu Sultan’s treasury. It follows the tiger to London and charts the various places it was displayed. It demonstrates how it has inspired artists and writers from when it was first exhibited to the present day.

- by Susan Stronge
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- Museums, History of Collecting, East India Company, Tipu Sultan

Tipu Sultan has been revered and shunned accordingly in History. The shunning of his personality has been rarely but evidently recorded. The image of him as an important ‘freedom fighter’ of our country has been the long-standing perception until the criticisms finally came forward in an outpour of communal violence in Southern India, this debate on Tipu Sultan’s policies stems largely from his failings as the legitimate ruler of Kodagu. The strategically located district, has held a passionate grudge against the ‘Tiger of Mysore’ and is not letting go any time soon. To them, he was a ‘temple-desecrator’, a ‘religious warlord’ and a ‘servant of Islam’. Historians may stop at these sentiments but one must look beyond. The outlier, the British then become the third point in this triangular power structure where the tussle doesn’t really involve the Kodavas; but Tipu Sultan, the Haleri dynasty and the British. The writings have so far posed a character-sketch of the spirited emperor. But this intense power play, mustn’t be looked at through unpolished lenses, this paper seeks not to reconstruct the image of Tipu Sultan but of the strong-willed resistance to Tipu that has been coloured politically and has become a deep-rooted facet of the Kodava’s sense of self. Why couldn’t Tipu penetrate the Ghats in a land so used to seeing an ‘outsider’s’ rule, where did Tipu fall short?

An investigation into the effects of Tipu Sultan's reforms
in turning his kingdom of Mysore into a fiscal military
state.

In today's India one often gets to hear how the Peshwas 'united Hindus' against the 'tyranny' of Mughals. But, buried in the cacophony of this mainstream narrative built over a century by those who support Maratha Empire, are the stories of Maratha Empire atrocities suffered by tens of thousands of non-Maratha Hindus across India-the Bengalis, Rajputs, Dilli-wallas, Tamils and not to forget the Kannadigas. This research traces fifty towns, villages and Hindu temples which faced destruction by Maratha Armies in their attacks on Karnataka (erstwhile Mysore Kingdom) in 17th and 18th centuries CE (1600s and 1700s). Some of these places never recovered. If authors like Francis Buchanan are to be believed, the loss of life was very high, probably over a 100,000 (one lakh). An example is Sathyagala in present day Chamarajanagara District. This place was a district headquarters having over a thousand houses, when Peshwa Madhava Rao plundered it, during his invasion of Karnataka in 1770. Famines followed almost all Maratha attacks, as these barbarians usually destroyed crops as well. It is said that four hundred families died of hunger at Sathyagala in the famine that followed the Peshwa's attack. Even if each family had seven members (a married couple with two parents and three kids), the number of deaths would run to twenty eight thousand humans! Read on.

- by Ameen Ahmed
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- Hinduism, History of India, Modern Indian History, History of Colonial India

Hundreds of early modern forts dot the South Indian landscape, but more is known about their art-historical aspects than how these fortifications were built, maintained, and used. The latter aspects are examined in a comparative analysis of six Mysore hill forts, using East India Company surveys that were prepared in 1802 shortly after British forces took command of these installations from Tipu Sultan's garrisons. These highly detailed inventories show that the hill forts were poorly maintained, inadequately supplied, contained relatively few garrison buildings, and, from the British perspective at least, were inadequately armed to mount a successful defense. At the turn of the century, these forts were functionally obsolete, ill prepared to serve as supply depots, and strategically valuable only to quiet local populations and deny the use of such places to potential enemies.

- by Barry Lewis
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- Fortifications, Karnataka, Mysore, Tipu Sultan

Academic histories in contemporary India compete with a host of other 'regimes of historicity' as the stakes in writing/rewriting the past have increased enormously. Most disputes over the interpretation of history are moreover increasingly taking place in courtrooms rather than classrooms, on streets and in public spaces rather than in the safer environs of the research carrel or seminar room. More important, many contending histories do not necessarily respect the evidentiary protocols of professional history writing. However, the field of alternative historical practice is not necessarily dominated by appropriations by the Hindu Right. Rather, if one takes a specific region such as Karnataka, as this article does, what emerges is a set of regional concerns and perspectives on the power of the past which may help in developing a historical method that is more appropriate to our times. Taking Tipu Sultan's contentious legacy as the specific example, the article attempts to outline the possibility of a 'historical temper' in contemporary India.

- by Janaki Nair
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- Public History, Mysore, Tipu Sultan

From Chapter 1 of Chinese Surplus. This chapter tells the story of the alternate "translation" of the idea of Frankenstein in China starting in the late nineteenth century, and uncovers the surprising connections among the use of Frankenstein's monster as a political metaphor, the emergence of the stereotype of China as a "sleeping lion," and a rare automaton in a British museum.

The manuscript in question is none other than an important work of Zainul Abedin Mosawi ibn Sayyid Radi Shustari (d. 1799) written at the instance of his master Tipu Sultan in 1197 A.H / 1782-3 and termed the book as Fath ul Mujahedin or... more

- by Mahmood Alam and +1
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- Persian Literature, Persian, Urdu Poetry and Literature, Indo-Persian Cultural History, Persian Language and Literature

Devotional Sovereignty: Kingship and Religion in India investigates the shifting conceptualization of sovereignty in the South Indian kingdom of Mysore during the reigns of Tipu Sultan (r. 1782-1799) and Krishnaraja Wodeyar III (r. 1799-1868). Tipu Sultan was a Muslim king famous for resisting British dominance until his death; Krishnaraja III was a Hindu king who succumbed to British political and administrative control. Despite their differences, the courts of both kings dealt with the changing political landscape by turning to the religious and mythical past to construct a royal identity for their kings. Caleb Simmons explores the ways in which these two kings and their courts modified and adapted pre-modern Indian notions of sovereignty and kingship in reaction to British intervention.
The religious past provided an idiom through which the Mysore courts could articulate their rulers' claims to kingship in the region, attributing their rule to divine election and employing religious vocabulary in a variety of courtly genres and media. Through critical inquiry into the transitional early colonial period, this study sheds new light on pre-modern and modern India, with implications for our understanding of contemporary politics. It offers a revisionist history of the accepted narrative in which Tipu Sultan is viewed as a radical Muslim reformer and Krishnaraja III as a powerless British puppet. Simmons paints a picture of both rulers in which they work within and from the same understanding of kingship, utilizing devotion to Hindu gods, goddesses, and gurus to perform the duties of the king.

- by Caleb Simmons
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- Religion, Hinduism, History of Religion, Law and Politics
- by Barry Lewis
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- Fortifications, Karnataka, Mysore, Early Modern India

Osmanlı-Rus Avusturya Savaşlarının yaşandığı ve Kırım gibi önemli topraklardan birinin kaybının yaşandığı dönem olması önemlidir. Osmanlı Devleti’nin içinde bulunduğu bu durum Avrupa Devletleri ve Müslüman Devletlerle olan politikalarını yeniden gözden geçirmesine neden olmuş ve Devlet içinde bulunduğu şartları göz önüne alarak yeni politik stratejiler geliştirmiştir. Hindistan’ın Dekken bölgesinden gelen elçilik heyetinin, Devletin içinde bulunduğu siyasi duruma bağlı olarak geliştirilen stratejik politika temeli ile değerlendirilmesi de kaçınılmazdı. Heyet iyi bir şekilde ağırlanmış olmasına rağmen kendilerine verilen cevap Maysor Sultanının beklediği gibi olmamış, Osmanlı Devleti’nin içinde bulunduğu siyasi ortama ve Avrupalı Devletlerle olan ilişkilerine bağlı olarak hareket edilmiştir.

- by Ümmü Gülsüm Filiz Bayram
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- Tipu Sultan, Hindistan Müslümanları

This chapter discusses the botanical dimensions of a diplomatic exchange between the Tipu Sultan of Mysore and the French king Louis XIV in 1788. On being visited by three ambassadors from Mysore, Louis XVI sent a range of gifts to the Tipu, which included a substantial consignment of live plants. The chapter examines the geopolitical and economic motivations that underpinned this botanical exchange, and then discusses the challenging conditions that the plants and their custodians (two French gardeners) faced during their transit from Paris to the Île de France (Mauritius), and then onwards towards Mysore. State ambitions, enlightenment science and the personal aspirations of certain powerful individuals came into conflict during the journey - resulting in a diplomatic impasse when the mission reached the Île de France.

- by Sarah Easterby-Smith
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- Botany, History of Science, Social History, French Empire

Tipu Sultan was defeated in the 3rd Anglo-Mysore war (1790-1792) by the British East India Company and its two allies, the Nizam of Hyderabad and the Marathas, and was compelled to make terms of peace. On 24th February, 1792, preliminary articles of a treaty of peace concluded between Tipu and the allied armies; following were the terms dictated by the Governor-General Charles Marquess Cornwallis to Tipu Sultan:

- by Anjana Nair
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- Military History, Mysore, Hostages, Tipu Sultan
- by Ursula Sims-Williams
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- Islamic Art, Quran, Tipu Sultan
- by Kaveh Yazdani
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- History, Early Modern History, Indian studies, South Asian Studies

Maria Edgeworth’s short story collection Popular Tales (1804) includes strikingly similar scenes of slavery set in Jamaica, India, and England. This essay resists the tendency to view such scenes as mimetic representations of historical practices of human bondage, and instead argues that the resemblance between Edgeworth’s portrayals of slavery in Jamaica, India, and Cornwall is best understood as an expression of the historical linkages between these regions in the context of what I call the “global Jacobin crisis” of the 1790s.

- by Ashley L Cohen
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- Literacy, Globalization, Marxism, Eighteenth-Century literature

The East India Company at Home, 1757–1857 explores how empire in Asia shaped British country houses, their interiors and the lives of their residents. It includes chapters from researchers based in a wide range of settings such as archives and libraries, museums, heritage organisations, the community of family historians and universities. It moves beyond conventional academic narratives and makes an important contribution to ongoing debates around how empire impacted Britain.

The article argues that the end of the formal division of the world between a colonizing metropolis and a colonized periphery requires a different reading of the State's history. The essay deals with the relation between the formation of British India and the development of Indian nationalist movement through the events related to the 'tiger of Mysore', Tipu Sultan, and the swadeshi movement as portrayed in Tagore's The Home and the World.
The essay shows how colonial constitutionalism developed through the contemporary affirmation of the rule of
law and the colonial difference. The postcolonial State emerged via concrete crossing of this difference, which today allows a different reading of the political discourses beyond the affirmation of the State as the barycenter of political organization at a global scale.

- by Giorgio Grappi
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- Postcolonial Studies, State Formation, Nationalism, Colonialism

SECOND ANGLO MYSORE WAR LED TO BIRTH OF MODERN INDO PAK CAVALRY AS ENGLISH EAST INDIA COMPANY REALISED THAT THEY COULD NEVER DEFEAT THEIR ENEMIES WITHOUT CAVALRY INITIALLY THEY ASKED NAWAB OF CARNATIC TO LEND THEM CAVALRY REGIMENTS BUT INDUCTED THESE CAVALRY REGIMENTS IN THEIR ARMY AFTER THE WAR . THUS THE BIRTH OF 16TH AND 7TH LIGHT CAVALRY INITIALLY RAISED BY NAWAB OF CARNATIC- MAJOR A.H AMIN (RETIRED)
June 2018
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.12478.79684
Projects: Military History of India Pakistan Bangladesh Nepal Iran Afghanistan Burma Central Asian Republics China and TurkeyIndo Pak History
Agha H AminAgha H Amin

- by Agha H Amin
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- Military History, British Military History, Mysore, Tipu Sultan

The glorious history of the Indian war rocket, also known as the Mysore rocket, is examined, including the role of Tipu Sultan, the son of the King of Mysore. The technological aspects are explained in brief to reveal the reasons for the destructiveness of the rocket. This weapon provides significant evidence of the advanced state of development of military technology in the Indian continent during the pre-colonial era at the time of the Anglo-Mysore wars against the British. The use of captured Indian rockets to develop the British Congreve rocket is described and the global spread of rocket technology from these Indian rockets is explained.

- by Jasmine Jaim
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- Arms and Armour, Tipu Sultan, Indian Military History, anglo-mysore war

APPROXIMATE ENGLISH EAST INDIA COMPANY ORBAT FINAL ASSAULT ON SERINGAPATTAM -MAY HAVE ERRORS 1799- CONTRARY TO PROPAGANDA TIPU SULTAN WANTED TO MAKE TERMS BUT DECIDED TO FIGHT AFTER HE FOUND WELLESLEY MORE ARROGANT THAN HIS EXPECTATIONS – HIS SONS HOWEVER PREFERRED SURRENDERING THAN DYING-BRITISH MILITARY HISTORIAN SIR FORTESCUE RIGHTLY SUMMED UP TIPU SULTANS REAL STRATEGIC FAILURE AS ABANDONING HIS FATHERS MOST SUPERIOR STRATEGY OF DENYING LOGISTICS TO THE COMPANY AND RELYING ON FORTRESSES WHICH BY 1790 HAD BECOME OBSOLETE- TIPUS UNREALISTIC AND EXGAGGERATED RELIANCE ON FRENCH WHO DID NOT HAVE THE NAVAL POWER TO CHALLENGE BRITAIN WAS ALSO A MAJOR STRATEGIC FAILURE-REAL ISSUE IN HISTORY ARE ASSESSMENTS AND WHEN ASSESSMENTS ARE FAULTY DISASTER FOLLOWS- SAME MYOPIC ASSESSMENTS LED OTTOMANS TO OVERESTIMATE GERMAN POWER IN WW ONE AND ANWAR PASHA FOOLISHLY DESTROYED TURKISH EMPIRE BY UNNECESSARILY MAKING ENEMIES OF THE BRITISH – THERE WAS NO CONSPIRACY IN BOTH CASES OF TIPU OR ANWAR PASHA BUT PURE AND UNADULTERATED STUPIDITY – MAJOR A.H AMIN (RETIRED)

- by Agha H Amin
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- Military History, Ottoman History, Decision Making, Assessment
- by M.P. Mujeebu Rehiman
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- Tipu Sultan
- by Jasmine Jaim
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- Arms and Armor Studies, History of Military Technology, History of War, Tipu Sultan

Tipu Sultan was the ruler of the native state of Mysore. His fierce opposition to British rule in India earned him unrivalled notoriety in England. Colonial writings usually portray him as a cruel tyrant who tortured Indians and Englishmen alike. This article studies the representation of Tipu Sultan in three nineteenth century English novels – The Surgeon’s Daughter by Sir Walter Scott, Tippoo Sultaun: A Tale of the Mysore Wars by Captain Meadows Taylor, and The Tiger of Mysore by G. A. Henty . In these works, Tipu is painted in an extremely unfavourable light. Arguing that the politics of imperialism influences such representations, this article tries to show how the depiction of Tipu as a monstrous villain served to justify British rule in India. These novels seem to suggest that the British deserve credit for rescuing Indians from such egregious villain. The article also focuses on politicization of Tipu’s dead body. Colonial art and literature constantly return to the scene where Tipu’s body is discovered by his enemies. This article argues that colonial imagination converts Tipu’s corpse to a ‘grisly trophy’ which becomes a sign of British triumph over Oriental despotism.

- by Dr. Ayusman Chakraborty
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- Sir Walter Scott, Tipu Sultan, Philip Meadows Taylor

NIZAMS CAVALY SENT NORTH TO GANJEECOTTAH UNDER ASAD ALI KHAN BECAUSE OF FORAGING AND LOGISTIC PROBLEMS-JULY 1791--Third Anglo Mysore War - Tipu Sultan blunders and loses half of Mysore-1790-92: Dangers of bad assessments

- by Agha H Amin
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- Military History, Logistics, Warfare, India
- by M.P. Mujeebu Rehiman
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- Kerala History, Kerala, Tipu Sultan
- by Muhammad Asad
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- Comics and Graphic Novels, Tipu Sultan
- by Ursula Sims-Williams
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- Islamic seals, Tipu Sultan
- by Ursula Sims-Williams
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- Persian manuscripts, Tipu Sultan