Tsumeb Mine (Ongopolo Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibia (original) (raw)
Formula: NaPb2(CO3)2(OH)
Formula: Ag2S
Formula: Zn2(AsO4)(OH)
Description: https://youtu.be/3qgo9po-bT8 A very interesting presentation on the Adamite-Zincolvinite-Olivenite series.
References:
ⓘ Adamite var. Cobalt-bearing Adamite
Description: Analysis shows less than 0.1% Cobalt, consequently cannot be regarded as 'cobaltoan'
ⓘ Adamite var. Copper-bearing Adamite
Formula: (Zn,Cu)2AsO4OH
Description: "Cuprian adamite" is primarily Zincolivenite or close to end-member Adamite.
Formula: CeCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6 · 3H2O
Formula: PbSiO3
Habit: divergent sprays
Colour: clear / white
Description: “Until the nineteen seventies the presence of lead silicates was unknown at Tsumeb. The first lead silicate specimen, alamosite, was discovered during a photographic session at the collection of W.R. Kahn. A piece of aragonite was to be featured, but the specimen that was photographed was slightly too heavy for aragonite. It was composed of radiating 8 cm spray of bundles of elongated, terminated white crystals up to 4 cm. The luster was also different to the known luster of the carbonate. Further examination gave the surprising result that this aragonite was in fact alamosite. This particular specimen is the best alamosite yet found anywhere. Another great specimen belongs to the collection of the Houston Museum. Tsumeb is the only locality from which crystals of alamosite have been reported, and a total of about 20 specimens have been found. Alamosite is often associated with small green-black spheres of melanotekite.”1 Georg Gebhard, Tsumeb, 1999, p163.
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
Formula: Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3
Formula: TiO2
Formula: KCdCu5(AsO4)4(H2AsO4) · 2H2O
Type Locality:
Habit: na
Colour: Blue
References:
Cooper, Mark A., Hawthorne, Frank C., Pinch, William W., Grice, Joel D. (1999) Andyrobertsite and Calcioandyrobertsite: Two New Minerals from the Tsumeb Mine, Tsumeb, Namibia. The Mineralogical Record, 30 (3) 181-186
Formula: PbSO4
Description: Some large crystals, over 20cm on edge.
References:
Formula: CaSO4
Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Formula: Ca2Co(AsO4)2 · 2H2O
Formula: Sb
Formula: Cu3(SO4)(OH)4
Formula: CaCO3
References:
ⓘ Aragonite var. Lead-bearing Aragonite
Formula: (Ca,Pb)CO3
References:
ⓘ Aragonite var. Zinc-bearing Aragonite
Formula: (Ca,Zn)CO3
References:
Formula: GeO2
Formula: Ag8GeS6
Formula: Pb2Fe3+(AsO4)2(OH)
Type Locality:
References:
Formula: PbZn(AsO4)(OH)
Type Locality:
Colour: orange yellow to greenish
Description: ound as yellow tabular crystals intergrown in rose-like aggregates in tennantite ore from Tsumeb…associated with willemite, chalcocite, mimetite, quartz and goethite
Formula: Ca2Fe3+3(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O
Habit: radial and granular aggregates
Colour: golden-yellow to dark brown
Description: Found on specimens from the second oxidation zone, section 49E on the 30th level, in association with carminite, beudantite, anglesite, mimetite, pharmacosiderite and beaverite
Formula: CaAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6
Formula: SrAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6
Habit: rhombohedral
Colour: milky-white
Description: on a single specimen small crystals with quartz and hematite
Formula: Zn3(AsO4)2 · 4H2O
Type Locality:
References:
Neuhold, F., Kolitsch, U., Bernhardt, H.-J., Lengauer, C. L. (2012) Arsenohopeite, a new zinc arsenate mineral from the Tsumeb mine, Namibia. Mineralogical Magazine, 76 (3) 603-612 doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.3.11
Formula: FeAsS
Formula: Pb2Cu(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)
Type Locality:
Description: The most easily recognizable occurrence of arsentsumebite is the emerald- to apple-green crusts on mimetite. Arsentsumebite rims these pseudomorphs, which consists of bayldonite and duftite in the inner part of the host mimetite crystals. The finest specimens of all time were found during the excavation of the 6 level in 1988. Surfaces up to 10 by 5 cm are completely covered by brilliant crystals of arsentsumebite. Crystals are always small, being less than 2 mm. (Gebhard, 1999) In 1990, workings in the upper levels of the Tsumeb mine produced a quantity of extremely fine azurite specimens. Some specimens are associated with green smithsonite, or have been partially replaced by arsentsumebite. The color combinations are striking, as are the crystals themselves, some of which are nearly 10 cm in length, with excellent luster. ( Mineralogical Record, 1991)
Formula: CuFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O
Formula: Zn(OH)2
Formula: Cu2(OH)3Cl
Formula: (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
References:
Formula: CaZn(AsO4)(OH)
Formula: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Habit: elongated crystals
Colour: bright blue
Description: Some crystals altered to malachite
References:
Formula: (Zn,Fe2+,Al,Mg)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Formula: Pb(Fe2+Ge)[Ge2O7](OH)2 · H2O
Type Locality:
Formula: BaSO4
Habit: Tabular
Colour: chocolate-brown
Description: Occasionally produced chocolate-brown tabular crystals up to 10cm long.
Formula: PbCu3(AsO4)2(OH)2
References:
Formula: Pb(Fe3+2Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O
Formula: (Fe2+,Fe3+,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4
Formula: Cu2-xSe (x ≈ 0.12)
Formula: Pb2(Cu,Fe)22-24S15
Formula: [Ca2(H2O)17Ca(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O36(OH)]
Formula: [Ca2(H2O)17Mg(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe3+3O36(OH)]
Type Locality:
References:
Kampf, A. R., Mills, S. J., Rumsey, M. S., Dini, M., Birch, W. D., Spratt, J., Pluth, J. J., Steele, I. M., Jenkins, R. A., Pinch, W. W. (2012) The heteropolymolybdate family: structural relations, nomenclature scheme and new species. Mineralogical Magazine, 76 (5) 1175-1207 doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.5.09
References:
Kampf, A. R., Mills, S. J., Rumsey, M. S., Dini, M., Birch, W. D., Spratt, J., Pluth, J. J., Steele, I. M., Jenkins, R. A., Pinch, W. W. (2012) The heteropolymolybdate family: structural relations, nomenclature scheme and new species. Mineralogical Magazine, 76 (5) 1175-1207 doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.5.09
Formula: PbFe3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6
Formula: ((Sb,As)O)2[MoO4]
Type Locality:
References:
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Formula: Cu5FeS4
Formula: PbCuSbS3
Formula: Zn3(CO3,SO4)(OH)4
Formula: Cu2(Fe,Zn)GeS4
Formula: (Ni,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4
Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6
References:
Formula: Mg(OH)2
Formula: Ge4+Fe2+2O4
Type Locality:
Formula: KCaCu5(AsO4)4(H2AsO4) · 2H2O
Type Locality:
References:
Cooper, Mark A., Hawthorne, Frank C., Pinch, William W., Grice, Joel D. (1999) Andyrobertsite and Calcioandyrobertsite: Two New Minerals from the Tsumeb Mine, Tsumeb, Namibia. The Mineralogical Record, 30 (3) 181-186
Formula: CaCO3
Formula: Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6
References:
Formula: Cu5Ge0.5S4
Type Locality:
References:
Jambor, J. L., Roberts, A. C., Groat, L. A., Stanley, C. J., Criddle, A. J., Feinglos, M. N. (2007) Calvertite, Cu5Ge0.5S4, a new mineral species from Tsumeb, Namibia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 45 (6) 1519-1523 doi:10.3749/canmin.45.6.1519
Formula: PbFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2
Formula: Cu3GaS4
Formula: CuCo2S4
Formula: SrSO4
Formula: PbCO3
Description: Crystals are colourless to white, often transparent, known to be over 30cm diameter and several kilos weight. Rare varities are coloured red or blue by the presence of copper minerals.
References:
Formula: CuSO4 · 5H2O
Formula: Cu2S
References:
Kampf, A. R., Désor, J., Ma, C. (2024) Karlseifertite, Pb(Ga₂Ge)(AsO₄)₂(OH)₆, a new dussertite-group mineral, from Tsumeb, Namibia. European Journal of Mineralogy, 36 (5). 873-878 doi:10.5194/ejm-36-873-2024
Formula: Na2Cu(CO3)2 · 3H2O
Formula: ZnMn4+3O7 · 3H2O
Formula: Cu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24 · 36H2O
Formula: CuFeS2
Formula: Cu2Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)4
References:
Formula: AgCl
Formula: Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Formula: (Mg,Zn)5(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 10H2O
Type Locality:
Formula: HgS
Formula: As2O3
Formula: PbSe
Formula: Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Formula: Cu3(AsO4)(OH)3
Formula: PbCo2(AsO4)2 · 2H2O
Formula: Cu13VAs3S16
Formula: CaCu(AsO4)(OH)
Formula: Cu19(SO4)(OH)32Cl4 · 3H2O
Formula: Cu
Formula: PbFe3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6
Formula: Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4
Habit: Crystalline crusts
Colour: Green
Description: Found covering quartz with malachite and bayldonite.
Formula: Pb(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16
Formula: PbCl2
Formula: CuS
Formula: CuFe2S3
Formula: Cu2O
Formula: Cu2O
Formula: [Cu6As2S7][Ag9CuS4]
Formula: [Cu6Sb2S7][Ag9CuS4]
Formula: Zn3(AsO4)2 · 4H2O
Type Locality:
References:
Hawthorne, Frank C., Cooper, Mark A., Abdu, Yassir A., Ball, Neil A., Back, Malcolm E., Tait, Kim T. (2012) Davidlloydite, ideally Zn3(AsO4)2(H2O)4, a new arsenate mineral from the Tsumeb mine, Otjikoto (Oshikoto) region, Namibia: description and crystal structure. Mineralogical Magazine, 76 (1) 45-57 doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.1.45
Formula: PbZn(VO4)(OH)
Colour: Reddish brown to dark brown
Description: Very small mm crystals, also masses, dendritic aggregates to 1cm size and stalactites. Many specimens labelled from Tsumeb are more likely from other prolific localities; Abenab, Berg Aukas, Grootfontein, Guchab, Olifantsfontein and Uitsab, all within 100km of Tsumeb (Refs: MR-Tsumeb!).
References:
Formula: CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
Formula: Cu9S5
Formula: CuSiO3 · H2O
Formula: Cu31S16
Formula: CaMg(CO3)2
ⓘ Dolomite var. Cobalt-bearing Dolomite
Formula: (Ca,Mg,Co)CO3
ⓘ Dolomite var. Zinc-bearing Dolomite
Formula: Ca(Mg,Zn)(CO3)2
Formula: Ca0.5Fe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2O
Formula: PbCu(AsO4)(OH)
Type Locality:
Description: Guillemin (1956) proposed that compositions close to end member duftite – PbCu(AsO4)(OH) – are isostructural with descloizite. He called duftites of this composition α-duftite and found that it could readily be synthesised in the laboratory. However, he also found that certain duftites with more than about 20% substitution of calcium for lead were isomorphous with conichalcite and could not be synthesised. He proposed the name β-duftite for these compositions and suggested that β-duftite forms a series with conichalcite. The distinction between these two “polymorphs” was quite important at Tsumeb in the 1970s and 1980s, because they accounted for a significant proportion of the lead (and to a smaller extent copper) in certain ore types but responded quite differently to the flotation process in the concentrator. Because of this, former Tsumeb Corporation mineralogist John Innes encouraged various technical and academic studies of these minerals. The “duftite problem” has been discussed by several authors, but the most relevant to a simple explanation are as follows: Jambor et al. (1980) examined a series of calcian duftite and plumbian conichalcite specimens from Tsumeb and concluded that complete solid solution probably exists between the duftite and conichalcite, and they proposed that β-duftite is merely an intermediate in the duftite-conichalcite series (as opposed to a distinct polymorph). Kharisun et al. (1998) studied the structure of duftite, conichalcite and of intermediate compositions. They agreed with Jambor et al. (1980) that “β-duftite” is not a distinct mineral but rather a composition, or series of compositions, within the duftite-conichalcite series. However, the relationship is not one of simple solid solution; instead, modulated structures comprising domains of different composition occur. This explains why Guillemin (1956) had been unable to synthesise his beta polymorph, but it also indicates that “β-duftite” is not a valid mineral! Burke (2006) included “duftite-beta” among minerals officially discredited by the IMA. So much for “β-duftite”, but it is interesting (to us Tsumeb geeks anyway) that Jambor et al. (1980) also demonstrated extensive solid solution between conichalcite and austinite. They noted, though, that no compositions with both Pb>Ca and Zn>Cu had been found at that time, but that any such compositions found in the future would be an “as-yet-undescribed new member of the adelite group”. Such compositions were later found, leading to the description of a new mineral – arsenodescloizite (Keller and Dunn, 1980) for which Tsumeb is the type locality. My good friend Paul Carr and I’ve recently run about 250 quantitative analyses of Tsumeb duftites, conichalcites and austinites. The compositions are shown in the accompanying chart. Duftite plots in the bottom left quadrant; conichalcite in the bottom right; austinite in the top right, and (much rarer) arsenodescloizite in the top left quadrant. As you can see, a very wide range of compositions are present. While it's usually possible to identify austinite by visual means, the distinction between conichalcite and duftite is much more difficult. I’ve learned that in the absence of an analysis, it’s much safer to label these things as “duftite / conichalcite series”. Malcolm Southwood. References: Burke, E. A. J. (2006). A mass discreditation of GQN minerals. The Canadian Mineralogist, 44, 1557–1560. Guillemin, C. (1956). Contribution a la minéralogie des arséniates, phosphates, et vanadates de cuivre. Bulletin de la Société Français Minéralogie et de Cristallographie, 79, 7-95. Jambor, J.L., Owens, D.R. and Dutrizac, J.E. (1980). Solid solution in the adelite group of arsenates. The Canadian Mineralogist, 18, 191-195. Kharisun, Taylor, M. R., Bevan, D. J. M. and Pring, A. (1998). The crystal chemistry of duftite, PbCuAsO4(OH) and the beta-duftite problem. Mineralogical Magazine, 62, 121-130.
References:
Formula: PbCu(AsO4)(OH)
Habit: Distorted crystals with irregular faces. Crystals to 3mm.
Colour: Olive to gray-green and dark green
Description: Darker and more rare than duftite-beta. Guillemin (1956) proposed that compositions close to end member duftite – PbCu(AsO4)(OH) – are isostructural with descloizite. He called duftites of this composition α-duftite and found that it could readily be synthesisd in the laboratory. However, he also found that certain duftites with more than about 20% substitution of calcium for lead were isomorphous with conichalcite and could not be synthesised. He proposed the name β-duftite for these compositions and suggested that β-duftite forms a series with conichalcite. The distinction between these two “polymorphs” was quite important at Tsumeb in the 1970s and 1980s, because they accounted for a significant proportion of the lead (and to a smaller extent copper) in certain ore types but responded quite differently to the flotation process in the concentrator. Because of this, former Tsumeb Corporation mineralogist John Innes encouraged various technical and academic studies of these minerals. The “duftite problem” has been discussed by several authors, but the most relevant to a simple explanation are as follows: Jambor et al. (1980) examined a series of calcian duftite and plumbian conichalcite specimens from Tsumeb and concluded that complete solid solution probably exists between the duftite and conichalcite and they proposed that β-duftite is merely an intermediate in the duftite-conichalcite series (as opposed to a distinct polymorph). Kharisun et al. (1998) studied the structure of duftite, conichalcite and of intermediate compositions. They agreed with Jambor et al. (1980) that “β-duftite” is not a distinct mineral but rather a composition, or series of compositions within the duftite-conichalcite series. However, the relationship is not one of simple solid solution; instead, modulated structures comprising domains of different composition occur. This explains why Guillemin (1956) had been unable to synthesise his beta polymorph, but it also indicates that “β-duftite” is not a valid mineral! Burke (2006) included “duftite-beta” among minerals officially discredited by the IMA. So much for “β-duftite”, but its interesting (to us Tsumeb geeks anyway) that Jambor et al. (1980) also demonstrated extensive solid solution between conichalcite and austinite. They noted, though, that no compositions with both Pb>Ca and Zn>Cu had been found at that time, but that any such compositions found in the future would be an “as-yet-undescribed new member of the adelite group”. Such compositions were later found, leading to the description of a new mineral – arsenodescloizite (Keller and Dunn, 1980) for which Tsumeb is the type locality. My good friend Paul Carr and I’ve recently run about 250 quantitative analyses of Tsumeb duftites, conichalcites and austinites. The compositions are shown in the accompanying chart. Duftite plots in the bottom left quadrant; conichalcite in the bottom right; austinite in the top right, and (much rarer) arsenodescloizite in the top left quadrant. As you can see, a very wide range of compositions are present. While it's usually possible to identify austinite by visual means, the distinction between conichalcite and duftite is much more difficult. I’ve learned that in the absence of an analysis it’s much safer to label these things as “duftite / conichalcite series”. Malcolm Southwood. References: Burke, E. A. J. (2006). A mass discreditation of GQN minerals. The Canadian Mineralogist, 44, 1557–1560. Guillemin, C. (1956). Contribution a la minéralogie des arséniates, phosphates, et vanadates de cuivre. Bulletin de la Société Français Minéralogie et de Cristallographie, 79, 7-95 Jambor, J.L., Owens, D.R. and Dutrizac, J.E. (1980). Solid solution in the adelite group of arsenates. The Canadian Mineralogist, 18, 191-195 Kharisun, Taylor, M. R., Bevan, D. J. M. and Pring, A. (1998). The crystal chemistry of duftite, PbCuAsO4(OH) and the beta-duftite problem. Mineralogical Magazine, 62, 121-130
Formula: PbAl2(CO3)2(OH)4 · H2O
Formula: Ag3Sb
Formula: In(OH)3
References:
Formula: Cu3Cd2(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2O
Formula: (Fe3+,Fe2+,Zn)12(AsO3)6(AsO3,HSiO4)2(OH)6
Type Locality:
Formula: Pb4Cu(SO4)O2(OH)4 · H2O
Formula: Cu3AsS4
Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Formula: Cu3(Zn,Cu,Mg)4Ca2(AsO4)6 · 2H2O
Type Locality:
References:
Schlüter, Jochen, Malcherek, Thomas, Mihailova, Boriana, Gebhard, Georg (2013) The new mineral erikapohlite, Cu3(Zn,Cu,Mg)4Ca2(AsO4)6 · 2H2O, the Ca-dominant analogue of keyite, from Tsumeb, Namibia. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen, 190 (3) 319-325 doi:10.1127/0077-7757/2013/0239
Formula: Cu2(AsO4)(OH) · 3H2O
Formula: Ag11Hg2
Formula: Fe3+Ge4+3O7(OH)
Type Locality:
References:
Roberts, A. C., Seward, T. M., Reusser, E., Carpenter, G. J.C., Grice, J. D., Clark, S. M., Marcus, M. A. (2004) Eyselite, Fe3+Ge4+3O7(OH), a new mineral species from Tsumeb, Namibia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 42 (6) 1771-1776 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.42.6.1771
Formula: CaZn5Fe3+2(AsO4)6 · 14H2O
Type Locality:
Formula: Cu3SbS4
Formula: Pb2Zn(AsO4)2 · H2O
Type Locality:
References:
Clark, A. M., Criddle, A. J., Roberts, A. C., Bonardi, M., Moffatt, E. A. (1997) Feinglosite, a new mineral related to brackebuschite, from Tsumeb, Namibia. Mineralogical Magazine, 61 (405) 285-289 doi:10.1180/minmag.1997.061.405.11
Formula: FeWO4
Formula: CaZnFe3+(AsO4)2(OH) · H2O
Type Locality:
Description: 32 level, W40 stope.
References:
Ansell, Valerie E., Ansell, Gary H., Roberts, Andrew C., Dunn, Pete J., Birch, William D., Grice, Joel D. (1992) Ferrilotharmeyerite, a new Ca-Zn-Fe3+ hydroxyl arsenate from Tsumeb, Namibia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 30 (1) 225-227
Formula: Pb3Ge(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
Type Locality:
Description: Level 6-8.
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F
Description: Rare but widespread, although sparsely, as an accessory (detrital) mineral in the feldspathic sandstone bodies in the Tsumeb pipe, derrived from the overlying Tschudi Formation.
References:
Formula: CaF2
Description: In 1996 found as tiny 2mm crystals from the third oxidation zone, colourless and associated with calcite (Gebhard 1999).
Formula: Pb2Cu(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH)
Description: Fornacite - With plancheite and dioptase
Formula: (Zn,Al)3((Si,Al)2O5)(OH)4
Formula: Cu+Pb8(AsO3)2O3Cl5
Formula: (Cu,Ag)6PbS4
Formula: Ca2Zn(AsO4)2 · 2H2O
Type Locality:
Formula: PbS
Formula: CuGaS2
Type Locality:
Description: Tsumeb and Kipushi are co-type localities for gallite.
Formula: PbGa3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6
Type Locality:
References:
Jambor, J. L., Owens, D. R., Grice, J. D., Feinglos, M. N. (1996) Gallobeudantite, PbGa3[(AsO4),(SO4)]2(OH)6, a new mineral species from Tsumeb, Namibia, and associated new gallium analogues of the alunite-jarosite family. The Canadian Mineralogist, 34 (6) 1305-1315
Formula: Pb(Ga,Al,Ge)3(PO4)2(OH)6
Type Locality:
Formula: PbCuFe3+(AsO4)2(OH) · H2O
Formula: Pb8(As2O5)2OCl6
Type Locality:
Formula: Cu2+(AsO3OH) · H2O
References:
Hawthorne, Frank C., Cooper, Mark A., Abdu, Yassir A., Ball, Neil A., Back, Malcolm E., Tait, Kim T. (2012) Davidlloydite, ideally Zn3(AsO4)2(H2O)4, a new arsenate mineral from the Tsumeb mine, Otjikoto (Oshikoto) region, Namibia: description and crystal structure. Mineralogical Magazine, 76 (1) 45-57 doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.1.45
Formula: (Zn,Fe)(Al,Fe)2(AsO4)(OH)5
Type Locality:
Description: From the 44 level.
Formula: Cu13Fe2Ge2S16
Type Locality:
References:
Kampf, A. R., Désor, J., Ma, C. (2024) Karlseifertite, Pb(Ga₂Ge)(AsO₄)₂(OH)₆, a new dussertite-group mineral, from Tsumeb, Namibia. European Journal of Mineralogy, 36 (5). 873-878 doi:10.5194/ejm-36-873-2024
Formula: Cu26V2(Ge,As)6S32
Description: Identified as germanite-3, yellow germanite, vanadium or vanadiun-arsenic germanite, vagearsite
Formula: (Co0.50Fe0.50)AsS
Formula: α-Fe3+O(OH)
Formula: Au
Description: Produced as a by-product - http://www.mme.gov.na/gsn/pdf/gold.pdf
Formula: NaZn4(SO4)(OH)6Cl · 6H2O
Description: Mark Feinglos specimen with germanite matrix
Formula: C
Formula: Pb9As4S15
References:
Formula: CdS
Formula: ZnSO4 · H2O
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
Formula: Ca2Pb3(AsO4)3Cl
Formula: PbZn2(AsO4)2 · 2H2O
Type Locality:
Formula: Fe2O3
Formula: Fe2O3
Description: Botryoidal hemantite was found on large mimetite crystal, partially pseudomorphosing them. According to Gebhard, the pocket was found on level 46.
Formula: Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O
Formula: CaCu(PO4)(OH)
Type Locality:
References:
Schlüter, Jochen, Pohl, Dieter, Gebhard, Georg (2011) The new mineral hermannroseite, CaCu(PO4,AsO4)(OH), the phosphate analogue of conichalcite, from Tsumeb, Namibia. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen, 188 (2) 135-140 doi:10.1127/0077-7757/2011/0186
Formula: Co3+O(OH)
Description: Many specimens labeled as being heterogenite from Tsumeb, are in fact misidentified goethite specimens.
Formula: PbAl3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6
Formula: PbAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6
Formula: Mg3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Formula: CaMg[B3O4(OH)3]2 · 3H2O
Description: Determined by Joy Desor (Raman spactroscopy).
Formula: Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(OH)
Formula: Pb5(PO4)3(OH)
Formula: Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6
References:
Formula: Zn2(AsO4)(OH) · 3H2O
Formula: Cu5FeS6
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
Formula: AgI
Formula: Pb3Ge4+(SO4)2O2(OH)2
Type Locality:
Formula: Pb2Zn(Fe2+,Zn)2Fe3+4(AsO4)4(OH)10
Type Locality:
Formula: Pb4FeSb6S14
Habit: fine needles with tennantite and iron stained carbonate
Colour: metallic gray black
Fluorescence: none
Description: Known as a single specimen, ex RWMW collection, now on display at the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto.
Formula: KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
Formula: Fe3+xFe2+1-xSn(OH)6-xOx
Formula: Na(Mg,Zn)3Cu(AsO4)3
Type Locality:
Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Formula: Fe3+3(As3+O2)4(As3+2O5)(OH)
Description: Occurs as pale yellow intertwined fibres on a sample containing leiteite and schneiderhöhnite.
Formula: Pb(Ga2Ge)(AsO4)2(OH)6
Type Locality:
References:
Kampf, A. R., Désor, J., Ma, C. (2024) Karlseifertite, Pb(Ga₂Ge)(AsO₄)₂(OH)₆, a new dussertite-group mineral, from Tsumeb, Namibia. European Journal of Mineralogy, 36 (5). 873-878 doi:10.5194/ejm-36-873-2024
Formula: Pb(UO2)(SiO4) · H2O
Formula: Pb8Al4(Si8O20)(SO4)2(CO3)4(OH)8
Type Locality:
Formula: Cu2ZnSnS4
Formula: Cu2+3Zn4Cd2(AsO4)6 · 2H2O
Type Locality:
Formula: PbFe3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
ⓘ 'Kintoreite-Segnitite Series'
Formula: Zn(AsO3OH) · H2O
Type Locality:
Description: Level 31, pillar E9.
References:
Formula: Zn3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Formula: Al2(GeO4)F2
Type Locality:
References:
Schlüter, Jochen, Geisler, Thorsten, Pohl, Dieter, Stephan, Thomas (2010) Krieselite, Al2GeO4(F,OH)2: A new mineral from the Tsumeb mine, Namibia, representing the Ge analogue of topaz. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen, 187 (1) 33-40 doi:10.1127/0077-7757/2010/0160
Formula: ZnCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2O
Formula: Cu3(AsO4)2
Formula: Pb2(SO4)O
Description: associated with leadhillite, hydrocerussite on bornite, chalcocite & galena matrix.
Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O
Formula: PbZnSiO4
Formula: Cu6Cd2(SO4)2(OH)12 · 5H2O
Formula: NaCaCu5(AsO4)4Cl · 5H2O
ⓘ Lavendulan var. Zinclavendulan (FRL)
Formula: NaCa(Cu,Zn)5(AsO4)4Cl · 5H2O
Type Locality:
Formula: 3CdSO4 · 8H2O
Formula: Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2
References:
Formula: Zn2(AsO4)(OH) · H2O
Formula: K2Ca2Cu(SO4)4 · 2H2O
Formula: Zn(As2O4)
Type Locality:
Formula: γ-Fe3+O(OH)
Formula: Cu2(PO4)(OH)
Formula: PbCu(SO4)(OH)2
References:
Formula: CuCu4(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 9H2O
Formula: Co2+Co3+2S4
Formula: PbFe3+4As3+10O22
Type Locality:
Habit: Fibrous
Colour: Reddish
Description: May be confused with karibibite.
Formula: CaCuFe3+(AsO4)2(OH,H2O)2
Type Locality:
References:
Formula: Cu3AsS4
Formula: Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2
Formula: (Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe3+2O4
Formula: MgCO3
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
Formula: Cu20(Fe,Cu)6Mo2Ge6S32
Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
Habit: Frequently as pseudomorphous replacement or partial replacement of azurite crystals, but "primary" malachite is also known.
References:
Formula: FeS2
Formula: PbO
Formula: Pb7FeAl3GeSi12O36(OH,H2O)6
Type Locality:
Formula: PbFCl
Formula: PbFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2
Formula: Cu6Fe2SnS8
Description: small inclusions in bornite and tennantite.
Formula: Ag5-xCu3+xS4
Description: The mineral is associated with an unknown Ag-Hg phase (most likely eugenite), that is under investigation. The identification by SXRD cannot be made, as the phase is very small. A Raman reference of a SXRD microdiffraction confirmed Mckinstryite crystal from the Clara mine, Germany has been used as a reference for the confirmation from Tsumeb. The standardless SEM-EDS data is very consistent with the McKinstryite from the Clara mine and in general with Mckinstryite.
Formula: Pb2Fe3+2(Si2O7)O2
Formula: Pb3Cl2O2
Formula: HgS
Formula: Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
Formula: NiS
Formula: Pb5(AsO4)3Cl
Habit: usually prismatic
Colour: mainly colorless to yellowish or brownish
Description: world class samples (extraordinary crystals, according to the "handbook of mineralogy")
References:
Formula: Zn, Fe, As, O, H
Formula: Pb3O4
Formula: CaZn(CO3)2
Type Locality:
Formula: BiCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6 · 3H2O
Formula: MoS2
Formula: Pb2Cu(MoO4,CrO4)(AsO4,PO4)(OH)
Type Locality:
Formula: Ce(PO4)
Formula: (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Formula: PbCu(VO4)(OH)
References:
Formula: Pb2Cu2(Se4+O3)(SO4)(OH)4
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Formula: PbSbClO2
Habit: Eight sided or square tabular crystals
Colour: Beige
Description: Associated with a beudantite-group mineral and chalcoite.
Formula: Zn4(SO4)(OH)6 · 4H2O
Colour: sea green
Description: Tiny crystals in cavities in galena.
Formula: Ag2Se
Formula: CdCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2O
Formula: Na(Zn,Mg)3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)2
Type Locality:
References:
Formula: ZnFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O
Formula: Cu2(AsO4)(OH)
Description: https://youtu.be/3qgo9po-bT8 A very interesting presentation on the Adamite-Zincolvinite-Olivenite series.
References:
ⓘ Olivenite var. Zinc-bearing Olivenite
Formula: (Cu,Zn)2(AsO4)(OH)
Formula: Pb2(Se6+O4)(SO4)
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
Formula: Ca(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
Formula: CdCO3
Type Locality:
Formula: PbGe4O9
Type Locality:
References:
Formula: Cu20(Fe,Cu,Zn)6W2Ge6S32
Type Locality:
Formula: Pb2Sb2O6O
Formula: ◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O
Formula: Zn2(AsO4)(OH)
Description: Paradamite has been found at this location as creamy-white lozenge shaped crystals and as lemon-yellow sheaf like aggregates up to 1 cm.
Formula: Pb7MoO9Cl2
Formula: Cu9(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)10 · 7H2O
Formula: VS4
Formula: Hg5Ag4S5(I,Br)2Cl2
References:
Keller, Paul, Lissner, Falk, Schleid, Thomas (2005) Single-crystal structure determination of perroudite, Hg5Ag4S5(I, Br)2Cl2, from Tsumeb (Namibia), and its structural relationships to other sulfide halides of mercury and cinnabar. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen, 181 (1) 1-9 doi:10.1127/0077-7757/2005/0181-0004
Formula: KFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O
Formula: PbAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6
Formula: Cu5Zn(AsO4)(PO4)(OH)6 · H2O
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Formula: Pb2CO3Cl2
References:
Formula: Cu8(Si8O22)(OH)4 · H2O
Formula: PbO2
Formula: PbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
ⓘ Plumbogummite var. Ga-rich plumbogummite
Formula: Pb(Al,Ga)3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6
Formula: Pb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
Formula: Pb3O2(SeO3)
Type Locality:
Formula: Pb13(CO3)6(Si10O27) · 3H2O
Type Locality:
Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · H2O
Formula: Ca(MoO4)
Formula: CaAl2F4[(OH)4-xFx]
Formula: Ca2Zn4(AsO4)4 · H2O
Type Locality:
Formula: Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4
Formula: FeS2
Formula: Mn4+O2
Formula: Pb5(PO4)3Cl
Formula: SiO2
Habit: Crystals to 1cm, massive
Colour: Milky, gray
Description: In veins and country rock.
Formula: SiO2
Formula: SiO2
Formula: Pb4Zn2(SO4)(SiO4)(Si2O7)
Type Locality:
Formula: As4S4
Description: Found as inclusions.
Formula: Zn3(AsO3)2
Type Locality:
Description: 23.4
Formula: (Cu1+,Zn)11Fe4(Ge4+,As5+)2S16
Formula: MnCO3
Description: Analysis here https://www.mindat.org/photo-892883.html on Jordi Fabre's specimen photo https://www.mindat.org/photo-313243.html proves rhodochrosite and not to be confused with smithsonite.
Formula: Zn2CuGaS4
Description: needs more precise high resolution chemical data. Area where richardsite was found is an exsolution.
Formula: (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10
Formula: (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2
References:
Formula: Cu9S5
Formula: TiO2
Formula: Ca3Ge(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2O
Type Locality:
Formula: Ca(WO4)
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+3As3+5O13
Type Locality:
Formula: (Cu,Zn)7(SO4)2(OH)10 · 3H2O
Formula: Pb(HAsO4)
Type Locality:
References:
Formula: Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O
Formula: PbSO3
Habit: Prismatic
Colour: Yellow
Description: Found on a specimen of hydrocerussite from the Lead Pocket, 1991, 43 level.
Formula: PbFe3+3AsO4(AsO3OH)(OH)6
Formula: PbCuAsS3
Formula: Sb2O3
Formula: Ca(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
Formula: CaFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2
Type Locality:
Description: occurs as platy to compact anhedral to subhedral masses that do not exceed 0.3 mm in maximum size and are randomly scattered throughout the dark green to black matrix. Sewardite is easily confused with the more common carminite; chemical analysis is required to distinguish the two minerals
References:
Roberts, A. C., Cooper, M. A., Hawthorne, F. C., Criddle, A. J., Stirling, J. A.R. (2002) Sewardite, CaFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2, the Ca-analogue of carminite, from Tsumeb, Namibia: description and crystal structure. The Canadian Mineralogist, 40 (4) 1191-1198 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.40.4.1191
Formula: Cu5(Si2O6)2(OH)2
Formula: FeCO3
ⓘ Siderite var. Zinc-bearing Siderite
Formula: (Fe,Zn)CO3
Formula: Pb2+4(S2O3)O2(OH)2
Type Locality:
Description:
References:
Roberts, Andrew C., Cooper, Mark A., Hawthorne, Frank C., Criddle, Alan J., Stanley, Christopher J., Key, Charles L., Jambor, John L. (1999) Sidpietersite, Pb2+4(S6+O3S2-)O2(OH)2, a new thiosulfate-bearing mineral species from Tsumeb, Namibia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 37 (5) 1269-1273
Formula: Ag
Formula: (Ag,Hg)
Formula: Ca3Zn2(PO4)2(CO3)(OH)2 · H2O
Colour: white
Description: Found as white needles to 0.5mm on colourless smithsonite associated with willemite on sphalerite-galena-dolomite-tennantite matrix level 33, stope W80.
Formula: ZnCO3
References:
Formula: Ga(OH)3
Type Locality:
Formula: Cu(OH)2
Formula: ZnS
Formula: Cu2FeSnS4
Formula: Sb3+Sb5+2O6(OH)
Formula: AsSbO3
Type Locality:
References:
Origlieri, Marcus, Downs, Robert T., Pinch, William W., Zito, Gary L. (2009) Stibioclaudetite, a new mineral from Tsumeb, Namibia. The Mineralogical Record, 40 (3) 209-213
Formula: Sb2S3
Description: See https://www.mindat.org/mesg-513605.html
Formula: Pb(WO4)
Colour: light yellow
Formula: Fe2+[Ge4+(OH)6]
Type Locality:
Description: Level 30 = 1000m.
Formula: Zn2Cu(AsO4)2
Type Locality:
References:
Formula: AgCuS
Formula: S8
Formula: Cu3VS4
Formula: (Pb,Ca)3(Al,Fe2+,Mg)2((Si,Al)4O10)(CO3)2(OH)2
Description: Subhedral highly viterous, glassy crystals found on Level34, W30 stope, Level 28, W30 stope, Level 39, W30 stope and Level 29, W30 stope known associations are smithsonite, willemite, kegelite, queitite, eyite, goethite, sphalerite, galena, tennantite, calcite, dolomite and kaolinite.
Formula: Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2
Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
Formula: Ca2Mg(AsO4)2 · 2H2O
Formula: CaCu(VO4)(OH)
Formula: Cu6(Cu4Cu2)As4S12S
Formula: Cu6(Cu4C2+2)As4S12S
Habit: Tetrahedral crystals to 30cm on edge.
Colour: Mostly frosted or corroded
Description: Pseudomorphs of azurite and malachite after tennantite are found.
References:
Origlieri, Marcus, Downs, Robert T., Pinch, William W., Zito, Gary L. (2009) Stibioclaudetite, a new mineral from Tsumeb, Namibia. The Mineralogical Record, 40 (3) 209-213
Formula: Cu6(Cu4Zn2)As4S12S
Formula: CuO
Formula: Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S
Description: Antimony appears to be scarce and not positively identified. May be included due to mistranslation of fahlerz.
Formula: Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O
Formula: PbCu2+2(AsO4)2 · 2H2O
Type Locality:
Formula: CaMg(AsO4)F
Colour: White
Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O
Description: Listed in the species list only, as massive and common (page 317).
Formula: ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Formula: PbZn2(AsO4)2 · 2H2O
Type Locality:
Habit: Crystals
Colour: brown
Formula: Pb2Cu(PO4)(SO4)(OH)
Type Locality:
References:
Formula: GaO(OH)
Type Locality:
References:
Schlüter, Jochen, Klaska, Karl-Heinz, Adiwidjaja, Gunadi, Gebhard, Georg (2003) Tsumgallite, GaO(OH), a new mineral from the Tsumeb mine, Tsumeb, Namibia. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte, 2003 (11) 521-527 doi:10.1127/0028-3649/2003/2003-0521
Formula: WS2
Formula: Cu3Se2
Formula: Pb4Cd(AsO4)3Cl
Type Locality:
Formula: Pb5(VO4)3Cl
Formula: BaCu3(VO4)2(OH)2
Formula: Zn3(AsO4)2 · 2H2O
Type Locality:
Description: 2nd oxidation zone (Pilar E9, 31st level).
Formula: Ca9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH)
Formula: ZnFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2
Type Locality:
Description: From the 44 level.
References:
Formula: Zn2SiO4
Formula: BaCO3
Habit: Minute flat pseudohexagonal crystals, massive
Colour: mily gray to white or cream colored
Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O
Formula: Pb(MoO4)
Formula: Pb[(Mo,W)O4]
Formula: (Zn,Fe)S
Formula: PbCuAl(AsO4)2OH · H2O
Colour: yellow green
Description: EDS: Pb1(Cu^2+_1.07,Zn_0.08,Al3+_0.69,Fe3+_0.20)(AsO4)_1.9(PO4)0.1(OH)_0.85(H_2O)1.15
Formula: Cu(HAsO4) · 2H2O
Formula: AlF(OH)2
Formula: PbZn2(AsO4)2(H2O,OH)2
Type Locality:
Formula: Cu2(Zn,Fe)(Ge,Ga)S4
Formula: CuZn(AsO4)(OH)
Description: https://youtu.be/3qgo9po-bT8 A very interesting presentation on the Adamite-Zincolvinite-Olivenite series.
Formula: (Zn,Cu)2(CO3)(OH)2
Type Locality:
Formula: Ca2Zn(AsO4)2 · 2H2O
Type Locality:
Colour: white to colorless
Formula: Zr(SiO4)
Description: A mineral from the country rock.