How to Address a King or QueenThis format, based on the English form used for the monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, is acceptable for all kings and queens, except the King of Saudi Arabia who is addressed as "The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques" instead of His Majesty.Envelope: His Majesty The King of (full name of country) (Address)Her Majesty The Queen of (full name of country) (Address) _Their Majesties The King and Queen of (country/people) (Address)_Letter salutation: Your Majesty:How to Address the King of Saudi Arabia? This afternoon I am to draft a congratulatory message for the National Day of Saudi Arabia to the King of Saudi Arabia in his capacity as Prime Minister and would welcome your expertise. What would be the appropriate form of address both on the envelope and in the salutation? -- Renata BankoffDear Ms. Bankoff: The King of Saudi Arabia has a special courtesy title all to himself and there is a form of address to use it: Envelope: The Custodian of The Two Holy Mosques The King of Saudi Arabia (Address) Salutation: Your Majesty: Two holy mosques are the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca and the Al-Masjid al-Nabawi in Medina. I suppose you could list under his name that he was also prime minister, but being king pretty much trumps being the PM. FYI, your question is answered in my book on page 420 in a chapter where I cover the forms of address for every current noble head of state in the world. -- Robert Hickey **Does a US Citizen Bow to a Foreign Head of State?Does the President Bow to a Foreign King or Queen?**Mr. Hickey,How deeply does a US citizen bow or curtsy when meeting a king or queen? Then as a follow-up, does the President of the United States bow or curtsy when meeting a king or queen on an official visit to their country? -- Jennifer Ripley, Winchester, TennesseeDear Ms. Ripley, I would follow the advice of Chris Young, President of the Protocol Diplomacy International / Protocol officers Association (he's also Chief of Protocol of the State of Georgia, and Director of International Affairs) when he says “Look no further than the U.S. Constitution, which states in Article I, Section 9, that ‘No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States.’ Those weren’t just words that prohibited Congress from naming someone a prince or princess, duke or duchess, lord or lady. Those words were clear signals that in the U.S. all persons are on equal footing: that no nobility would exist here and thus no one had to bow to anyone. Certainly people here have titles such as president, chief executive officer, mayor, chancellor, and the like, but none of those titles was encoded on someone’s DNA. Titles were to be ascending, earned through one’s own sweat equity and remarkable character, rather than descending, simply a generational bequeath to one’s progeny.” So a US citizen when meeting a king or queen – in the United States or in the monarch’s country -- should simply offer nod of the head as a sign of respect and shake the hand of the monarch if it was offered. This contrasts with either a deep bow or curtsy which would be an appropriate sign of fealty from a subject. Regarding the President. again I would quote of Chris Young, when he says both are “equals on the world stage. Both are heads of state …. the only order of precedence that exists between the two is usually an alphabetical one rather than one of rank.” Since they are peers neither would bow to the other. So no, the President of the United States would perhaps offer nod of the head as a sign of respect and shake hands. -- Robert Hickey