Spangolite (original) (raw)

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

About SpangoliteHide

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Formula:

Cu6Al(SO4)(OH)12Cl · 3H2O

Colour:

Dark to emerald green, blue-green; light green in transmitted light.

Specific Gravity:

3.135 - 3.141

Name:

Named in 1890 by Samuel Lewis Penfield in honor of Norman Spang (12 November 1841 (not 1842), Etna, Pennsylvania, USA - December 1922, Paris, France), iron manufacturer and mineral collector of Etna, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, USA. He contributed the type specimen for study.

A secondary mineral commonly occurring with other secondary copper minerals in oxidized zones of copper-bearing ore bodies.

Note: The exact type locality is uncertain; the original specimen found “within a radius of 200 miles of Tombstone” (probably from Bisbee).

Thin tabular spangolite may be confused with chalcophyllite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

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Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:3721:7

5a02a5cf-bcf4-4574-8001-efe63885dcae

IMA Classification of SpangoliteHide

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Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

Type description reference:

Classification of SpangoliteHide

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7.DD.15

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
D : With only medium-sized cations; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra

31.1.5.1

31 : HYDRATED SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
1 : (AB)m(XO4)pZq·xH2O, where m:p > 6:1

26.8

26 : Sulphates with Halide

Mineral SymbolsHide

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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Pronunciation of SpangoliteHide

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Pronunciation:

Physical Properties of SpangoliteHide

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Transparency:

Transparent, Translucent

Colour:

Dark to emerald green, blue-green; light green in transmitted light.

Comment:

About 2 on {0001} and about 3 on the inclined faces.

Cleavage:

Perfect
On {0001}, perfect.
On {1011}, {0111}: distinct.

Density:

3.135 - 3.141 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.14 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of SpangoliteHide

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RI values:

_n_ω = 1.680 - 1.687 _n_ε = 1.627 - 1.641

δ = 0.053

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Comments:

Dichroic:
O = Green
E = Bluish green

Chemistry of SpangoliteHide

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Mindat Formula:

Cu6Al(SO4)(OH)12Cl · 3H2O

Crystallography of SpangoliteHide

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Class (H-M):

3_m_ - Ditrigonal Pyramidal

Cell Parameters:

a = 8.24 Å, c = 14.34 Å

Unit Cell V:

843.21 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Crystals frequently holohedral in aspect; either short prismatic [0001] or, more commonly, tabular {0001}. Less commonly hemimorphic with large {0001} and tapering toward the antilogous pole. The prism and trigonal pyramid faces are horizontally striated with series of trigonal pyramids and prisms in oscillatory combination. The geometrically equivalent positive and negative trigonal pyramids are seemingly always equally developed, rendering a hexagonal appearance to the crystal.

Twinning:

On {0001}, rare, with the acute (antilogous) poles of the two individuals joined together.

Comment:

Cell parameters are variable: a = 8.245-8.278 A, c = 14.32-14.53 A

Crystal StructureHide

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ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0001585	Spangolite	Hawthorne F C, Kimata M, Eby R K (1993) The crystal structure of spangolite, a complex copper sulfate sheet mineral American Mineralogist 78 649-652		1993	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Radiation - Copper Kα

Data Set:

Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Powder Diffraction Data:

Geological EnvironmentHide

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Geological Setting:

Oxidized zones of copper-bearing ore bodies.

Other Language Names for SpangoliteHide

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Simplified Chinese:氯铜铝矾

Traditional Chinese:氯銅鋁礬

Common AssociatesHide

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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

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Other InformationHide

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Notes:

Insoluble in water. Readily soluble in acids.

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for SpangoliteHide

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References for SpangoliteHide

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Reference List:

**Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York.**pp.576-578

Merlino, S., Pasero, M., Sabelli, C., Trosti-Ferroni, R. (1992) Crystal structure refinements of spangolite, a hydrated basic sulphate of copper and aluminum, from three different occurrences. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1992: 349-357.

Fennell, T, Piatek, J O, Stephenson, R A, Nilsen, G J, Rønnow, H M (2011) Spangolite: an s = 1/2 maple leaf lattice antiferromagnet?. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 23 (16) 164201 doi:10.1088/0953-8984/23/16/164201

Localities for SpangoliteHide

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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.