1971 Bangladesh genocide (original) (raw)
Der Genozid in Bangladesch wurde von pakistanischen Militärs und Milizen der islamistischen Partei Jamaat-e-Islami zur Unterdrückung der Unabhängigkeitsbestrebungen Bangladeschs während des Bangladesch-Kriegs begangen. Ermordet wurden in Ostpakistan (heute: Bangladesch) lebende religiöse Minderheiten, insbesondere Hindus, und Menschen, die tatsächlich oder vermeintlich der Awami-Liga nahestanden. Die am 25. März 1971 begonnenen und bis Mitte Januar 1972 andauernden systematischen Massaker kosteten nach Angaben der Behörden Bangladeschs 3 Millionen Menschen das Leben. Die Anzahl der Frauen, die Opfer von Vergewaltigungen wurden, wird auf 200.000 bis 400.000 geschätzt. 10 Millionen Menschen flohen nach Indien, 30 Millionen Menschen wurden aus ihren Häusern vertrieben.
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| dbo:abstract | الإبادة الجماعية في بنغلاديش مصطلح يرجع لأعمال قام بها الجيش الوطني الباكستاني في بنغلاديش خلال الحرب الهندية الباكستانية الثالثة المسماة حرب تحرير بنغلاديش في عام 1971 م نتج عنها مقتل ما يقارب 3 ملايين شخص ومصادر أخرى ترجح أن عدد القتلى يتراوح من 1 إلى 3 ملايين. وساهمت في تهجير ما يقارب 10 ملايين للأقاليم الغربية البنغالية وكذلك للهند. ساهمت الإبادة الجماعية في بنغلاديش 1971 والتي ارتكبتها باكستان الغربية ضد باكستان الشرقية بسبب مطالبتها بحق تقرير المصير، وكان جزء رئيسي منها ضد السكان الهندوس، إلى نزوح عدد كبير من السكان الهندوس، وشكل الهندوس نحو 60% من اللاجئين البنغال إلى الهند حينها. وأجبر العديد من الهندوس على اعتناق الإسلام. وشملت الإبادة الجماعية في بنغلاديش 1971 والتي ارتكبتها باكستان الغربية حملة منهجية من الإغتصاب الجماعي، من قبل القوات المسلحة الباكستانية ومن ميليشيات مساندة إسلاموية تنتمي لتنظيم . (ar) Der Genozid in Bangladesch wurde von pakistanischen Militärs und Milizen der islamistischen Partei Jamaat-e-Islami zur Unterdrückung der Unabhängigkeitsbestrebungen Bangladeschs während des Bangladesch-Kriegs begangen. Ermordet wurden in Ostpakistan (heute: Bangladesch) lebende religiöse Minderheiten, insbesondere Hindus, und Menschen, die tatsächlich oder vermeintlich der Awami-Liga nahestanden. Die am 25. März 1971 begonnenen und bis Mitte Januar 1972 andauernden systematischen Massaker kosteten nach Angaben der Behörden Bangladeschs 3 Millionen Menschen das Leben. Die Anzahl der Frauen, die Opfer von Vergewaltigungen wurden, wird auf 200.000 bis 400.000 geschätzt. 10 Millionen Menschen flohen nach Indien, 30 Millionen Menschen wurden aus ihren Häusern vertrieben. (de) The genocide in Bangladesh began on 25 March 1971 with the launch of Operation Searchlight, as the government of Pakistan, dominated by West Pakistan, began a military crackdown on East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) to suppress Bengali calls for self-determination. During the nine-month-long Bangladesh Liberation War, members of the Pakistan Armed Forces and supporting pro-Pakistani Islamist militias from Jamaat-e-Islami killed between 300,000 and 3,000,000 people and raped between 200,000 and 400,000 Bengali women, in a systematic campaign of genocidal rape. The Government of Bangladesh states 3,000,000 people were killed during the genocide, making it the largest genocide since the Holocaust during World War II. The actions against women were supported by Pakistan's religious leaders, who declared that Bengali women were gonimoter maal (Bengali for "public property"). As a result of the conflict, a further eight to ten million people fled the country to seek refuge in neighbouring India. It is estimated that up to 30 million civilians were internally displaced out of 70 million. During the war, there was also ethnic violence between Bengalis and Urdu-speaking Biharis. Biharis faced reprisals from Bengali mobs and militias, and from 1,000 to 150,000 were killed. There is an academic consensus that the events which took place during the Bangladesh Liberation War constituted a genocide; however, there are some scholars and authors who disagree that the killing was a genocide. (en) Η γενοκτονία του Μπανγκλαντές ξεκίνησε στις 26 Μαρτίου 1971 με την λεγόμενη επιχείρηση Searchlight , όταν το τότε Δυτικό Πακιστάν (σημερινό Πακιστάν) ξεκίνησε στρατιωτική επέμβαση στο ανατολικό τμήμα της χώρας (σημερινό Μπανγκλαντές), προκειμένου να καταστείλει τις εκκλήσεις των Βεγγαλέζων για αυτοδιάθεση. Κατά τη διάρκεια του εννεαμήνου πολέμου για την απελευθέρωση του Μπαγκλαντές, μέλη του πακιστανικού στρατού και συμμαχικών ισλαμιστικών πολιτοφυλακών της Τζαμάτ-ε-Ισλαμί σκότωσαν μεταξύ 300.000 και 3.000.000 ανθρώπους και βίασαν μεταξύ 200.000 και 400.000 γυναίκες σύμφωνα με πηγές του Μπανγκλαντές και της Ινδίας, σε μια συστηματική επιχείρηση γενοκτονίας . Οι επιθέσεις εναντίον των γυναικών υποστηρίχθηκαν από θρησκευτικούς ηγέτες της Τζαμάτ-ε-Ισλαμί, οι οποίοι χαρακτήρισαν τις Βεγγαλέζες γυναίκες ως γκονιμοτέρ μαλ («δημόσιο κτήμα» στην τοπική γλώσσα). Ως αποτέλεσμα της σύγκρουσης, άλλα οκτώ έως δέκα εκατομμύρια άνθρωποι, κυρίως Ινδουιστές, εγκατέλειψαν την χώρα και αναζήτησαν καταφύγιο στην γειτονική Ινδία. Εκτιμάται ότι έως και 30 από τα 70 εκατομμύρια πολίτες εκτοπίστηκαν εσωτερικά. Κατά την διάρκεια του πολέμου ξέσπασαν επίσης εθνοτικές συγκρούσεις μεταξύ Βεγγαλέζων και Μπιχάρι που μιλούν Ουρντού . Οι Μπιχάρι υπέστησαν αντίποινα από όχλους και πολιτοφυλακές Βεγγαλέζων και από 1.000 έως 150.000 έχασαν την ζωή τους. Άλλες πηγές τους ανεβάζουν σε 500.000 . Υπάρχει σε εξέλιξη μια ακαδημαϊκή συζήτηση για το κατά πόσον τα γεγονότα αυτά, ιδίως οι ενέργειες εναντίον Ινδουιστών, συνιστούν γενοκτονία . (el) Historio > 20-a jarcento > Bangladeŝa genocido De marto ĝis decembro 1971 disvolviĝis en la tiama Orienta Pakistano, nun Bangladeŝo, genocido de bengalanoj fare de la pakistana armeo kaj biharanaraj milicoj, kiu mortigis, ofte ege kruele, plurajn centmilojn da homoj. Estis aparta fokusiĝo al intelektuloj, ĉar la tiama pakistana diktatoro Generalo Jaja Ĥan cele malhelpi ke Bangladeŝo povus iam krei ŝtaton, klopodis neniigi ĉian eblan estantan, kaj estontan (la universitatstudentoj) eliton kaj intelektularon de la lando. (eo) Le génocide au Bangladesh ou génocide du Pakistan oriental est la destruction en 1971, par l'État pakistanais, son armée et des milices islamistes, d'une grande partie des Bengalis qui peuplaient la partie est du Pakistan (devenue le Bangladesh). Il est une conséquence, assumée par le pouvoir central du Pakistan, de sa répression excessive et impitoyable de la rébellion bengalie durant la guerre de libération du Bangladesh. (fr) El conocido como genocidio de Bangladés comenzó el 26 de marzo de 1971 con el lanzamiento de la , una ofensiva militar iniciada por Pakistán Occidental en el ala oriental del país para reprimir a los bengalíes que exigían su autodeterminación. Durante los nueve meses siguientes se dilató una larga guerra por la independencia de Bangladés, en la que miembros de las fuerzas armadas paquistanís y de las milicias que les apoyaban asesinaron entre 300 000 y 3 000 000 de personas y violaron entre 200 000 y 400 000 mujeres de Bangladés en una campaña sistemática de «estupro genocida». La guerra también testificó la violencia sectaria entre bengalíes y biharís de lengua urdu. Existe un consenso académico en que los acontecimientos que ocurrieron durante la guerra de liberación de Bangladés constituyeron un genocidio. (es) Kekejaman Bangladesh 1971 merujuk pada pembunuhan banyak orang di Bangladesh dan perlakuan tidak adil yang dilakukan oleh selama Perang Kemerdekaan Bangladesh tahun 1971. Bangladesh menyebutnya genosida, tetapi, Para petinggi di Pakistan menyebutnya "Kebohongan Bengal". Pemerintah Bangladesh dan beberapa organisasi indenpenden menyatakan bahwa antara 1 sampai 3 juta jiwa dibunuh dan 10 juta lainnya mengungsi ke India. (in) バングラデシュ大虐殺（バングラデシュだいぎゃくさつ、英語: Bangladesh genocide）とは、1971年のバングラデシュ独立戦争の際に東パキスタン（現在のバングラデシュ）で発生した大量虐殺である。 背景や経緯はバングラデシュ独立戦争と重複する部分もあるが、ここでは主に民間人への暴力、虐殺という側面から記述する。 (ja) 1971년 방글라데시 집단학살(벵골어: ১৯৭১ বাংলাদেশে গণহত্যা)은 1971년 3월 26일 의 시작과 함께, 서파키스탄이 장악하고 있던 파키스탄 정부가 벵골인의 자결 요구를 진압하기 위해 동파키스탄(현재의 방글라데시)에 대한 군사 탄압을 시작하면서 방글라데시에서의 대학살이 시작되었다. 9개월 동안 지속된 방글라데시 독립 전쟁 동안 와 출신의 친 파키스탄 이슬람 민병대는 조직적인 집단 학살을 통해 30만 명에서 300만 명 사이의 사람들을 살해하고 20만에서 40만 명의 벵골 여성들을 강간했다. 방글라데시 정부는 대학살 기간 동안 300만 명의 사람들이 죽었으며, 이는 홀로코스트 이후 가장 큰 규모의 대학살이라고 밝혔다. 여성에 대한 행동은 파키스탄의 종교 지도자들에 의해 지지되었는데, 그들은 벵골 여성들이 "공공 재산"을 의미하는 벵골어로 "고니모터 말(gonimoter maal)"이 될 것이라고 선언했다. 이 분쟁의 결과로, 800만 명에서 1000만 명의 사람들이 이웃한 인도로 피신했다. 7000만 명 중 최대 3000만 명의 민간인이 국내로 추방된 것으로 추정된다. 전쟁 중에는 벵골어와 우르두어를 사용하는 비하리인 사이에 민족간 폭력도 있었다. 비하리인은 벵골인 폭도와 민병대의 보복에 직면했고, 1,000명에서 150,000명이 사망했다. 방글라데시 독립 전쟁 동안 일어난 사건들이 집단학살을 구성했다는 학계의 공감대가 형성되어 있지만, 일부 학자들과 작가들은 살인이 집단학살이라고 동의하지 않는다. (ko) O genocídio em Bangladesh começou em 26 de março de 1971 com o lançamento da , quando o Paquistão Ocidental iniciou uma ofensiva militar na ala oriental do país para reprimir os bengalis que exigiam autodeterminação. Durante os nove meses de uma longa guerra pela independência de Bangladesh, membros das forças armadas paquistanesas e das milícias que as apoiavam assassinaram entre 300 mil e 3 000 000 pessoas e estupraram entre 200 000 a 400 000 mulheres de Bangladesh em uma campanha sistemática de estupro genocida. A guerra também testemunhou a violência sectária entre bengalis e de língua urdu. Há um consenso acadêmico que os acontecimentos que ocorreram durante a guerra de libertação de Bangladesh constituíram um genocídio. (pt) Геноцид в Бангладеш (бенг. ১৯৭১ বাংলাদেশে গণহত্যা) — геноцид, организованный и осуществленный Вооружёнными силами Пакистана в период Войны за независимость Бангладеш на территории Восточного Пакистана (современной Бангладеш) в 1971 году. Действия военных были направлены на подавления всякого сопротивления бенгальцев путём депортации, этнических чисток, массовых убийств и изнасилований. (ru) 孟加拉國種族滅絕，始於1971年3月26日，當時巴基斯坦開始對該國東翼（東巴基斯坦）進行軍事鎮壓，以壓制孟加拉人自決權的要求，同時巴基斯坦方面開始實施種族滅絕行動，這一行動持續了8個半月又三天。 (zh) |
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| dbp:caption | Rayerbazar killing field photographed immediately after the war started, showing bodies of Bengali nationalist intellectuals (en) |
| dbp:date | 0001-03-26 (xsd:gMonthDay) (en) June 2020 (en) June 2022 (en) September 2021 (en) |
| dbp:fatalities | Estimated between 300,000 and 3,000,000 (en) |
| dbp:imageSize | 200 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:location | dbr:East_Pakistan |
| dbp:motive | dbr:Racism |
| dbp:partof | the Bangladesh Liberation War (en) |
| dbp:perps | Pakistan Army * President. Yahya Khan * Lt Gen. Tikka Khan * Lt Gen. A.A.K Niazi * Maj Gen. Rao Farman * Razakars * Al-Badr * Al-Shams (en) |
| dbp:reason | failed verification, also provide page number (en) how many thousand? (en) Forbes sites by contributors are blogs, not reliable sources for facts. It claims D'Costa's interview of Dr. Davis was published in "a Bangladeshi publication". Identify and cite that instead, if it's reliable. (en) |
| dbp:target | dbr:Bengalis |
| dbp:title | 1971 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:type | dbr:Deportation dbr:Genocidal_rape dbr:Mass_murder dbr:Ethnic_cleansing |
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| dct:subject | dbc:Ethnic_cleansing_in_Asia dbc:Genocides_in_Asia dbc:1971_Bangladesh_genocide dbc:1971_murders_in_Bangladesh dbc:20th-century_mass_murder_in_Asia dbc:Bangladesh_Liberation_War dbc:Bangladesh–Pakistan_relations dbc:Mass_murder_in_1971 dbc:Massacres_committed_by_Pakistan_in_East_Pakistan dbc:Massacres_in_1971 dbc:Massacres_in_Bangladesh dbc:Pakistani_war_crimes dbc:Persecution_of_Buddhists_by_Muslims dbc:Rebellions_in_Pakistan dbc:War_crimes_in_Bangladesh |
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| rdfs:comment | Der Genozid in Bangladesch wurde von pakistanischen Militärs und Milizen der islamistischen Partei Jamaat-e-Islami zur Unterdrückung der Unabhängigkeitsbestrebungen Bangladeschs während des Bangladesch-Kriegs begangen. Ermordet wurden in Ostpakistan (heute: Bangladesch) lebende religiöse Minderheiten, insbesondere Hindus, und Menschen, die tatsächlich oder vermeintlich der Awami-Liga nahestanden. Die am 25. März 1971 begonnenen und bis Mitte Januar 1972 andauernden systematischen Massaker kosteten nach Angaben der Behörden Bangladeschs 3 Millionen Menschen das Leben. Die Anzahl der Frauen, die Opfer von Vergewaltigungen wurden, wird auf 200.000 bis 400.000 geschätzt. 10 Millionen Menschen flohen nach Indien, 30 Millionen Menschen wurden aus ihren Häusern vertrieben. (de) Historio > 20-a jarcento > Bangladeŝa genocido De marto ĝis decembro 1971 disvolviĝis en la tiama Orienta Pakistano, nun Bangladeŝo, genocido de bengalanoj fare de la pakistana armeo kaj biharanaraj milicoj, kiu mortigis, ofte ege kruele, plurajn centmilojn da homoj. Estis aparta fokusiĝo al intelektuloj, ĉar la tiama pakistana diktatoro Generalo Jaja Ĥan cele malhelpi ke Bangladeŝo povus iam krei ŝtaton, klopodis neniigi ĉian eblan estantan, kaj estontan (la universitatstudentoj) eliton kaj intelektularon de la lando. (eo) Le génocide au Bangladesh ou génocide du Pakistan oriental est la destruction en 1971, par l'État pakistanais, son armée et des milices islamistes, d'une grande partie des Bengalis qui peuplaient la partie est du Pakistan (devenue le Bangladesh). Il est une conséquence, assumée par le pouvoir central du Pakistan, de sa répression excessive et impitoyable de la rébellion bengalie durant la guerre de libération du Bangladesh. (fr) Kekejaman Bangladesh 1971 merujuk pada pembunuhan banyak orang di Bangladesh dan perlakuan tidak adil yang dilakukan oleh selama Perang Kemerdekaan Bangladesh tahun 1971. Bangladesh menyebutnya genosida, tetapi, Para petinggi di Pakistan menyebutnya "Kebohongan Bengal". Pemerintah Bangladesh dan beberapa organisasi indenpenden menyatakan bahwa antara 1 sampai 3 juta jiwa dibunuh dan 10 juta lainnya mengungsi ke India. (in) バングラデシュ大虐殺（バングラデシュだいぎゃくさつ、英語: Bangladesh genocide）とは、1971年のバングラデシュ独立戦争の際に東パキスタン（現在のバングラデシュ）で発生した大量虐殺である。 背景や経緯はバングラデシュ独立戦争と重複する部分もあるが、ここでは主に民間人への暴力、虐殺という側面から記述する。 (ja) Геноцид в Бангладеш (бенг. ১৯৭১ বাংলাদেশে গণহত্যা) — геноцид, организованный и осуществленный Вооружёнными силами Пакистана в период Войны за независимость Бангладеш на территории Восточного Пакистана (современной Бангладеш) в 1971 году. Действия военных были направлены на подавления всякого сопротивления бенгальцев путём депортации, этнических чисток, массовых убийств и изнасилований. (ru) 孟加拉國種族滅絕，始於1971年3月26日，當時巴基斯坦開始對該國東翼（東巴基斯坦）進行軍事鎮壓，以壓制孟加拉人自決權的要求，同時巴基斯坦方面開始實施種族滅絕行動，這一行動持續了8個半月又三天。 (zh) الإبادة الجماعية في بنغلاديش مصطلح يرجع لأعمال قام بها الجيش الوطني الباكستاني في بنغلاديش خلال الحرب الهندية الباكستانية الثالثة المسماة حرب تحرير بنغلاديش في عام 1971 م نتج عنها مقتل ما يقارب 3 ملايين شخص ومصادر أخرى ترجح أن عدد القتلى يتراوح من 1 إلى 3 ملايين. وساهمت في تهجير ما يقارب 10 ملايين للأقاليم الغربية البنغالية وكذلك للهند. ساهمت الإبادة الجماعية في بنغلاديش 1971 والتي ارتكبتها باكستان الغربية ضد باكستان الشرقية بسبب مطالبتها بحق تقرير المصير، وكان جزء رئيسي منها ضد السكان الهندوس، إلى نزوح عدد كبير من السكان الهندوس، وشكل الهندوس نحو 60% من اللاجئين البنغال إلى الهند حينها. وأجبر العديد من الهندوس على اعتناق الإسلام. وشملت الإبادة الجماعية في بنغلاديش 1971 والتي ارتكبتها باكستان الغربية حملة منهجية من الإغتصاب الجماعي، من قبل القوات المسلحة الباكستانية ومن ميليشيات مساندة إس (ar) The genocide in Bangladesh began on 25 March 1971 with the launch of Operation Searchlight, as the government of Pakistan, dominated by West Pakistan, began a military crackdown on East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) to suppress Bengali calls for self-determination. During the nine-month-long Bangladesh Liberation War, members of the Pakistan Armed Forces and supporting pro-Pakistani Islamist militias from Jamaat-e-Islami killed between 300,000 and 3,000,000 people and raped between 200,000 and 400,000 Bengali women, in a systematic campaign of genocidal rape. The Government of Bangladesh states 3,000,000 people were killed during the genocide, making it the largest genocide since the Holocaust during World War II. (en) Η γενοκτονία του Μπανγκλαντές ξεκίνησε στις 26 Μαρτίου 1971 με την λεγόμενη επιχείρηση Searchlight , όταν το τότε Δυτικό Πακιστάν (σημερινό Πακιστάν) ξεκίνησε στρατιωτική επέμβαση στο ανατολικό τμήμα της χώρας (σημερινό Μπανγκλαντές), προκειμένου να καταστείλει τις εκκλήσεις των Βεγγαλέζων για αυτοδιάθεση. Κατά τη διάρκεια του εννεαμήνου πολέμου για την απελευθέρωση του Μπαγκλαντές, μέλη του πακιστανικού στρατού και συμμαχικών ισλαμιστικών πολιτοφυλακών της Τζαμάτ-ε-Ισλαμί σκότωσαν μεταξύ 300.000 και 3.000.000 ανθρώπους και βίασαν μεταξύ 200.000 και 400.000 γυναίκες σύμφωνα με πηγές του Μπανγκλαντές και της Ινδίας, σε μια συστηματική επιχείρηση γενοκτονίας . Οι επιθέσεις εναντίον των γυναικών υποστηρίχθηκαν από θρησκευτικούς ηγέτες της Τζαμάτ-ε-Ισλαμί, οι οποίοι χαρακτήρισαν τις Βεγγαλέζε (el) El conocido como genocidio de Bangladés comenzó el 26 de marzo de 1971 con el lanzamiento de la , una ofensiva militar iniciada por Pakistán Occidental en el ala oriental del país para reprimir a los bengalíes que exigían su autodeterminación. Durante los nueve meses siguientes se dilató una larga guerra por la independencia de Bangladés, en la que miembros de las fuerzas armadas paquistanís y de las milicias que les apoyaban asesinaron entre 300 000 y 3 000 000 de personas y violaron entre 200 000 y 400 000 mujeres de Bangladés en una campaña sistemática de «estupro genocida». (es) 1971년 방글라데시 집단학살(벵골어: ১৯৭১ বাংলাদেশে গণহত্যা)은 1971년 3월 26일 의 시작과 함께, 서파키스탄이 장악하고 있던 파키스탄 정부가 벵골인의 자결 요구를 진압하기 위해 동파키스탄(현재의 방글라데시)에 대한 군사 탄압을 시작하면서 방글라데시에서의 대학살이 시작되었다. 9개월 동안 지속된 방글라데시 독립 전쟁 동안 와 출신의 친 파키스탄 이슬람 민병대는 조직적인 집단 학살을 통해 30만 명에서 300만 명 사이의 사람들을 살해하고 20만에서 40만 명의 벵골 여성들을 강간했다. 방글라데시 정부는 대학살 기간 동안 300만 명의 사람들이 죽었으며, 이는 홀로코스트 이후 가장 큰 규모의 대학살이라고 밝혔다. 방글라데시 독립 전쟁 동안 일어난 사건들이 집단학살을 구성했다는 학계의 공감대가 형성되어 있지만, 일부 학자들과 작가들은 살인이 집단학살이라고 동의하지 않는다. (ko) O genocídio em Bangladesh começou em 26 de março de 1971 com o lançamento da , quando o Paquistão Ocidental iniciou uma ofensiva militar na ala oriental do país para reprimir os bengalis que exigiam autodeterminação. Durante os nove meses de uma longa guerra pela independência de Bangladesh, membros das forças armadas paquistanesas e das milícias que as apoiavam assassinaram entre 300 mil e 3 000 000 pessoas e estupraram entre 200 000 a 400 000 mulheres de Bangladesh em uma campanha sistemática de estupro genocida. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | 1971 Bangladesh genocide (en) الإبادة الجماعية في بنغلاديش 1971 (ar) Genozid in Bangladesch (de) Γενοκτονία του Μπανγκλαντές (1971) (el) Bangladeŝa genocido (eo) Genocidio de Bangladés en 1971 (es) Génocide au Bangladesh (fr) Kekejaman di Bangladesh 1971 (in) 1971년 방글라데시 집단학살 (ko) バングラデシュ大虐殺 (1971年) (ja) Genocídio em Bangladesh em 1971 (pt) Геноцид в Бангладеш (1971) (ru) 1971年孟加拉國種族滅絕 (zh) |
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