Hybrid electric vehicle (original) (raw)
- Un vehicle híbrid elèctric és un vehicle elèctric de propulsió alternativa que combina l'ús d'un motor mogut per energia elèctrica provinent de bateries i un motor de combustió interna. Els models més recents i usats es basen en patents de l'enginyer , anomenat el "Pare del cotxe híbrid". A nivell mundial el 2009 ja circulaven més de 2,5 milions de vehicles híbrids elèctrics lleugers, liderats pels Estats Units —amb 1,6 milions—,seguit pel Japó (més de 640.000) i Europa (més de 235 mil). A nivell mundial, els models híbrids fabricats per Toyota Motor Corporation van sobrepassar la marca històrica de 2 milions de vehicles venuts a l'agost de 2009, que és seguida per Honda Motor Co. Ltd amb més de 300 mil híbrids venuts fins al gener de 2009, i Ford Motor Company, amb més de 122.000 híbrids venuts fins a finals de 2009. (ca)
- مركبة كهربائية هجينة (اختصاراً HEV) هي مركبة هجينة تستخدم مصدرين للقدرة الدافعة للمركبة اعتماداً على محرك احتراق داخلي وعلى محرك كهربائي. كانت شركة تويوتا أول شركة طرحت سيارة كهربائية هجينة حديثة في الأسواق عندما أنزلت سيارة تويوتا بريوس سنة 1997، تلتها شركة هوندا بطراز Honda Insight سنة 1999. (ar)
- Ein Hybridelektrokraftfahrzeug (englisch Hybrid Electric Vehicle, HEV), gemäß EU-Richtlinie kurz Hybridelektrofahrzeug, umgangssprachlich auch Hybridfahrzeug oder Hybridauto, akademisch Fahrzeug mit Hybridantrieb, ist ein Elektrofahrzeug, das von mindestens einem Elektromotor sowie einem weiteren Energiewandler angetrieben wird und Energie sowohl aus seinem elektrischen Speicher (Akku) als auch einem zusätzlich mitgeführten Kraftstoff bezieht. Nur in der Ausführung als Plug-in-Hybrid ist eine elektrische Aufladung am Stromnetz vorgesehen. Klassisch wird dazu ein Verbrennungsmotor mit einem elektrischen Generator eingesetzt, zunehmend auch Brennstoffzellen, die aus mitgeführtem Wasserstoff direkt Elektrizität gewinnen, speziell bezeichnet als Brennstoffzellenfahrzeug (englisch Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle, FCHV). Ein Hybridantrieb kann mit unterschiedlichen Zielvorgaben gestaltet werden: Schon in seiner historischen Entwicklung für erste Elektrofahrzeuge um 1900 ging es allein um Reichweite. Im Serien-Automobilbau sowie im Motorsport wird er zuweilen ergänzend als Beschleunigungsreserve eingesetzt, die vor allem im niedrigen Drehzahlbereich das Drehmoment steigert, und um mit Rekuperationsbremse sowie durch optimalen Arbeitspunkt des Verbrennungsmotors dessen Effizienz und Kraftstoffverbrauch zu verbessern. Gegenwärtig werden Verbrennungsmotoren mit Akkumulatoren kombiniert, es lassen sich aber auch Superkondensatoren als besonders leistungsstarke Kurzzeit-Reserve für höchste Beschleunigung einsetzen. (de)
- Un vehículo híbrido eléctrico (VHE) es un coche de propulsión mixta combinando un motor eléctrico y un motor de combustión. A nivel mundial en 2016 ya circulaban más de 58 millones de vehículos híbridos eléctricos livianos, liderados por Estados Unidos, y Japón, seguidos por Europa.; los modelos híbridos fabricados por Toyota Motor Corporation sobrepasaron la marca histórica de 9 millones de vehículos vendidos en abril de 2016. En segundo lugar está Honda Motor Co., Ltd. con más de 1,35 millones de híbridos vendidos hasta junio de 2014, Ford Motor Corporation, con más de 424,000 híbridos vendidos en los Estados Unidos hasta junio de 2015. y el Grupo Hyundai con ventas acumuladas de 200.000 híbridos hasta marzo de 2014, incluyendo tanto los modelos de la Hyundai Motors como los de Kia Motors. (es)
- Ibilgailu elektriko hibridoa (IEH) propultsio mistoko auto bat da, motor elektrikoa eta errekuntza-motorra konbinaltzen dituena. 2016an, mundu mailan, 58 milioi ibilgailu elektriko hibrido arin baino gehiago zirkulatzen ari ziren, Estatu Batuak eta Japonia buru zituztela, eta Europa atzetik. egindako modelo hibridoek 2016ko apirilean saldutako 9 milioi ibilgailuko marka historikoa gainditu zuten. Bigarren postuan Honda Motor dago, 2014ko ekainera arte 1,35 milioi hibrido baino gehiago salduta, , 2015eko ekainera arte Estatu Batuetan 424.000 hibrido baino gehiago salduta, eta Hyundai Taldea, 2014ko martxora arte 200.000 hibridoren salmenta metatuta, eta Kia Motors enpresen ereduak barne. (eu)
- A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle that combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) system with an electric propulsion system (hybrid vehicle drivetrain). The presence of the electric powertrain is intended to achieve either better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle or better performance. There is a variety of HEV types and the degree to which each function as an electric vehicle (EV) also varies. The most common form of HEV is the hybrid electric car, although hybrid electric trucks (pickups and tractors), buses, boats and aircraft also exist. Modern HEVs make use of efficiency-improving technologies such as regenerative brakes which convert the vehicle's kinetic energy to electric energy, which is stored in a battery or supercapacitor. Some varieties of HEV use an internal combustion engine to turn an electrical generator, which either recharges the vehicle's batteries or directly powers its electric drive motors; this combination is known as a motor–generator. Many HEVs reduce idle emissions by shutting down the engine at idle and restarting it when needed; this is known as a start-stop system. A hybrid-electric produces lower tailpipe emissions than a comparably sized gasoline car since the hybrid's gasoline engine is usually smaller than that of a gasoline-powered vehicle. If the engine is not used to drive the car directly, it can be geared to run at maximum efficiency, further improving fuel economy. Ferdinand Porsche developed the Lohner–Porsche in 1901. But hybrid electric vehicles did not become widely available until the release of the Toyota Prius in Japan in 1997, followed by the Honda Insight in 1999. Initially, hybrid seemed unnecessary due to the low cost of gasoline. Worldwide increases in the price of petroleum caused many automakers to release hybrids in the late 2000s; they are now perceived as a core segment of the automotive market of the future. As of April 2020, over 17 million hybrid electric vehicles have been sold worldwide since their inception in 1997. Japan has the world's largest hybrid electric vehicle fleet with 7.5 million hybrids registered as of March 2018. Japan also has the world's highest hybrid market penetration with hybrids representing 19.0% of all passenger cars on the road as of March 2018, both figures excluding kei cars. As of December 2020, the U.S. ranked second with cumulative sales of 5.8 million units since 1999, and, as of July 2020, Europe listed third with 3.0 million cars delivered since 2000. Global sales are led by the Toyota Motor Corporation with more than 15 million Lexus and Toyota hybrids sold as of January 2020, followed by Honda Motor Co., Ltd. with cumulative global sales of more than 1.35 million hybrids as of June 2014; As of September 2022, worldwide hybrid sales are led by the Toyota Prius liftback, with cumulative sales of 5 million units. The Prius nameplate had sold more than 6 million hybrids up to January 2017. Global Lexus hybrid sales achieved the 1 million unit milestone in March 2016. As of January 2017, the conventional Prius is the all-time best-selling hybrid car in both Japan and the U.S., with sales of over 1.8 million in Japan and 1.75 million in the U.S. (en)
- Une automobile hybride électrique est un véhicule automobile faisant appel à deux types d'énergie embarqués pour se mouvoir, dont l'un est de nature électrique (électrochimique ou électrostatique). L'architecture la plus répandue pour ce type de véhicule hybride associe un moteur électrique à un moteur thermique, généralement à essence. La nature réversible de la partie motrice électrique permet la récupération d'une partie de l'énergie cinétique du véhicule par freinage régénératif. Le moteur électrique devient alors générateur : en fournissant un couple résistant aux roues il produit de l’électricité, laquelle est stockée dans une batterie d'accumulateurs ou de supercondensateurs. Les motorisations hybrides impliquent un surplus d'énergie grise pour leur fabrication et un surcoût de plusieurs milliers d'euros. En contrepartie, elles permettent de réduire les émissions directes de CO2 et d'autres polluants par le véhicule de 15 à 25 %, en particulier lorsque utilisées en ville, où la circulation est erratique, ou dans les embouteillages. (fr)
- Sebuah kendaraan listrik hibrida (hybrid electric vehicle atau HEV) adalah jenis kendaraan hibrida dan kendaraan listrik yang menggabungkan sistem mesin pembakaran dalam konvensional dengan sistem daya gerak listrik. Keberadaan powertrain listrik bertujuan untuk meraih atau performa yang lebih baik daripada . Berbagai jenis HEV dibuat dan kegunaannya sebagai kendaraan listrik juga bervariasi. Bentuk HEV yang paling umum adalah mobil listrik hibrida, meski truk (pick-up dan traktor) dan bus listrik hibrida juga tersedia. (in)
- 하이브리드 전기차(Hybrid electric vehicle, HEV), 하이브리드 전기차량, 하이브리드 전기자동차, 하이브리드 전기 운송 장비는 전통적인 내연기관(ICE) 시스템과 전기 추진 시스템을 합친 하이브리드 차량의 일종이다. 전기파워트레인은 석유를 사용하는 차보다 더 나은 연비를 가능케 하고 더 나은 성능을 내기 위해 고안된 것이다. 전기차(EV)가 다양한 것처럼 HEV 종류는 기능별로 다양하다. 가장 흔한 형태의 HEV는 하이브리드 전기차이지만 하이브리드 전기 트럭(픽업, 트랙터), 버스, 보트, 항공기도 존재한다. (ko)
- ハイブリッド車(ハイブリッドしゃ、英: hybrid car ハイブリッドカー)は、2つ以上の動力源(原動機)を持つ自動車。略称はHV(hybrid vehicle)。 (ja)
- Een hybride auto (of hybrideauto) is een auto die een combinatie van verschillende technieken gebruikt ter aandrijving. Een hybride voertuig is volgens de definitie van de Verenigde Naties een voertuig waarin ten minste twee energie-omzetters en twee energieopslagsystemen zijn om het voertuig aan te drijven. (nl)
- Hybrydowy pojazd elektryczny – pojazd, który do celów mechanicznego napędzania pobiera energię z obu następujących źródeł zmagazynowanej energii elektrycznej/mocy znajdujących się w pojeździe: * zużywalne paliwo; * akumulator, kondensator, koło zamachowe, prądnica lub inne urządzenia do magazynowania energii elektrycznej lub mocy. (pl)
- Um automóvel híbrido é um automóvel que tem um motor de combustão interna, normalmente a gasolina, e um motor eléctrico que permite manter o motor de combustão funcionando a baixas rotações, ou em certos momentos não funcionando, e, desse modo, reduzir o consumo de combustível e a emissão de poluentes. Como exemplo, tem-se um automóvel que combine motor a combustão e motor elétrico na realidade é um veículo elétrico alimentado pela energia cinética proveniente da queima de combustível. Este é o modelo mais difundido nas locomotivas e geradores diesel-elétrico. Embora o automóvel híbrido polua menos do que os automóveis somente com motor a combustão, seus custos são altos se comparados à diferença de emissão de poluentes. Por enquanto, apenas automóveis caros dispõem dessa tecnologia. Porém a previsão é de que com o tempo a tecnologia se torne mais barata. Atualmente, o mercado vem buscando adaptação , no mercado brasileiro de automóveis por se tratar de um veículo de alta tecnologia. No Brasil, observa-se as altas taxas para importação dessa tecnologia, já nos EUA esse tipo de tecnologia já existe há muito tempo desde 2001, quando foi lançado e testado nos Estados Unidos o “Prius Hybrid” em 2001, esse veículo apresentou falhas após 10 anos” mas a Toyota repara gratuitamente todos que possuem “”Recalls”” , são reparos realizados diretamente e especificamente pelo fabricante, gratuitamente, por reconhecerem suas falhas técnicas naquele lançamento. O governo busca implantar essa tecnologia no transporte coletivo, como em ônibus (autocarros), para melhorar a qualidade do ar nos grandes centros urbanos, que é cada vez pior. Estes diferem dos Trólebus por não possuírem fiação aérea para fornecer energia, podendo circular em qualquer lugar; o Trólebus só pode trafegar onde exista esse suporte. Essa tecnologia também pode ser aplicada na categoria de carros esportivos, como o BMW I8. (pt)
- 混合动力电动載具(英語:hybrid electric vehicle,簡稱HEV)是一种將传统的内燃机与电动推进系统(混合動力車輛驅動裝置)结合在一起的混合动力车辆。电动动力总成的存在旨在实现比使用石油燃料的載具擁有更好的燃油经济性或更好的性能。目前道路車輛、船隻與飛機都存在混合動力電動驅動的產品。 现代的混合动力汽车利用提高效率的技术,例如将车辆的动能轉化为电能的再生制动,该动能被存储在电动车电池或双电层电容器中。某些混合动力載具使用内燃机来驱动发电机,该发电机可为车辆的电池充电或直接为其电动马达提供动力。这种组合称为电动发电机。许多混合动力載具通过在怠速时关闭发动机并在需要时重新启动发动机来。这就是所谓怠速熄火系統。与同等大小的汽油載具相比,混合动力載具产生的尾气排放更少,因为混合动力汽车的汽油发动机通常比純汽油动力載具小。 斐迪南·保時捷在1901年开发了,它被視為全球第一輛混合動力汽車。但是直到1997年丰田普锐斯在日本发布以及1999年的本田洞察者發佈,混合动力汽车才开始广泛使用。最初,由于汽油价格低廉,混合动力似乎並不必要。但全球石油价格上涨导致许多汽车制造商在2000年代末開始发布了混合动力车。 (zh)
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- مركبة كهربائية هجينة (اختصاراً HEV) هي مركبة هجينة تستخدم مصدرين للقدرة الدافعة للمركبة اعتماداً على محرك احتراق داخلي وعلى محرك كهربائي. كانت شركة تويوتا أول شركة طرحت سيارة كهربائية هجينة حديثة في الأسواق عندما أنزلت سيارة تويوتا بريوس سنة 1997، تلتها شركة هوندا بطراز Honda Insight سنة 1999. (ar)
- Ibilgailu elektriko hibridoa (IEH) propultsio mistoko auto bat da, motor elektrikoa eta errekuntza-motorra konbinaltzen dituena. 2016an, mundu mailan, 58 milioi ibilgailu elektriko hibrido arin baino gehiago zirkulatzen ari ziren, Estatu Batuak eta Japonia buru zituztela, eta Europa atzetik. egindako modelo hibridoek 2016ko apirilean saldutako 9 milioi ibilgailuko marka historikoa gainditu zuten. Bigarren postuan Honda Motor dago, 2014ko ekainera arte 1,35 milioi hibrido baino gehiago salduta, , 2015eko ekainera arte Estatu Batuetan 424.000 hibrido baino gehiago salduta, eta Hyundai Taldea, 2014ko martxora arte 200.000 hibridoren salmenta metatuta, eta Kia Motors enpresen ereduak barne. (eu)
- Sebuah kendaraan listrik hibrida (hybrid electric vehicle atau HEV) adalah jenis kendaraan hibrida dan kendaraan listrik yang menggabungkan sistem mesin pembakaran dalam konvensional dengan sistem daya gerak listrik. Keberadaan powertrain listrik bertujuan untuk meraih atau performa yang lebih baik daripada . Berbagai jenis HEV dibuat dan kegunaannya sebagai kendaraan listrik juga bervariasi. Bentuk HEV yang paling umum adalah mobil listrik hibrida, meski truk (pick-up dan traktor) dan bus listrik hibrida juga tersedia. (in)
- 하이브리드 전기차(Hybrid electric vehicle, HEV), 하이브리드 전기차량, 하이브리드 전기자동차, 하이브리드 전기 운송 장비는 전통적인 내연기관(ICE) 시스템과 전기 추진 시스템을 합친 하이브리드 차량의 일종이다. 전기파워트레인은 석유를 사용하는 차보다 더 나은 연비를 가능케 하고 더 나은 성능을 내기 위해 고안된 것이다. 전기차(EV)가 다양한 것처럼 HEV 종류는 기능별로 다양하다. 가장 흔한 형태의 HEV는 하이브리드 전기차이지만 하이브리드 전기 트럭(픽업, 트랙터), 버스, 보트, 항공기도 존재한다. (ko)
- ハイブリッド車(ハイブリッドしゃ、英: hybrid car ハイブリッドカー)は、2つ以上の動力源(原動機)を持つ自動車。略称はHV(hybrid vehicle)。 (ja)
- Een hybride auto (of hybrideauto) is een auto die een combinatie van verschillende technieken gebruikt ter aandrijving. Een hybride voertuig is volgens de definitie van de Verenigde Naties een voertuig waarin ten minste twee energie-omzetters en twee energieopslagsystemen zijn om het voertuig aan te drijven. (nl)
- Hybrydowy pojazd elektryczny – pojazd, który do celów mechanicznego napędzania pobiera energię z obu następujących źródeł zmagazynowanej energii elektrycznej/mocy znajdujących się w pojeździe: * zużywalne paliwo; * akumulator, kondensator, koło zamachowe, prądnica lub inne urządzenia do magazynowania energii elektrycznej lub mocy. (pl)
- 混合动力电动載具(英語:hybrid electric vehicle,簡稱HEV)是一种將传统的内燃机与电动推进系统(混合動力車輛驅動裝置)结合在一起的混合动力车辆。电动动力总成的存在旨在实现比使用石油燃料的載具擁有更好的燃油经济性或更好的性能。目前道路車輛、船隻與飛機都存在混合動力電動驅動的產品。 现代的混合动力汽车利用提高效率的技术,例如将车辆的动能轉化为电能的再生制动,该动能被存储在电动车电池或双电层电容器中。某些混合动力載具使用内燃机来驱动发电机,该发电机可为车辆的电池充电或直接为其电动马达提供动力。这种组合称为电动发电机。许多混合动力載具通过在怠速时关闭发动机并在需要时重新启动发动机来。这就是所谓怠速熄火系統。与同等大小的汽油載具相比,混合动力載具产生的尾气排放更少,因为混合动力汽车的汽油发动机通常比純汽油动力載具小。 斐迪南·保時捷在1901年开发了,它被視為全球第一輛混合動力汽車。但是直到1997年丰田普锐斯在日本发布以及1999年的本田洞察者發佈,混合动力汽车才开始广泛使用。最初,由于汽油价格低廉,混合动力似乎並不必要。但全球石油价格上涨导致许多汽车制造商在2000年代末開始发布了混合动力车。 (zh)
- Un vehicle híbrid elèctric és un vehicle elèctric de propulsió alternativa que combina l'ús d'un motor mogut per energia elèctrica provinent de bateries i un motor de combustió interna. Els models més recents i usats es basen en patents de l'enginyer , anomenat el "Pare del cotxe híbrid". (ca)
- Ein Hybridelektrokraftfahrzeug (englisch Hybrid Electric Vehicle, HEV), gemäß EU-Richtlinie kurz Hybridelektrofahrzeug, umgangssprachlich auch Hybridfahrzeug oder Hybridauto, akademisch Fahrzeug mit Hybridantrieb, ist ein Elektrofahrzeug, das von mindestens einem Elektromotor sowie einem weiteren Energiewandler angetrieben wird und Energie sowohl aus seinem elektrischen Speicher (Akku) als auch einem zusätzlich mitgeführten Kraftstoff bezieht. (de)
- A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle that combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) system with an electric propulsion system (hybrid vehicle drivetrain). The presence of the electric powertrain is intended to achieve either better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle or better performance. There is a variety of HEV types and the degree to which each function as an electric vehicle (EV) also varies. The most common form of HEV is the hybrid electric car, although hybrid electric trucks (pickups and tractors), buses, boats and aircraft also exist. (en)
- Un vehículo híbrido eléctrico (VHE) es un coche de propulsión mixta combinando un motor eléctrico y un motor de combustión. A nivel mundial en 2016 ya circulaban más de 58 millones de vehículos híbridos eléctricos livianos, liderados por Estados Unidos, y Japón, seguidos por Europa.; los modelos híbridos fabricados por Toyota Motor Corporation sobrepasaron la marca histórica de 9 millones de vehículos vendidos en abril de 2016. En segundo lugar está Honda Motor Co., Ltd. con más de 1,35 millones de híbridos vendidos hasta junio de 2014, Ford Motor Corporation, con más de 424,000 híbridos vendidos en los Estados Unidos hasta junio de 2015. y el Grupo Hyundai con ventas acumuladas de 200.000 híbridos hasta marzo de 2014, incluyendo tanto los modelos de la Hyundai Motors como lo (es)
- Une automobile hybride électrique est un véhicule automobile faisant appel à deux types d'énergie embarqués pour se mouvoir, dont l'un est de nature électrique (électrochimique ou électrostatique). L'architecture la plus répandue pour ce type de véhicule hybride associe un moteur électrique à un moteur thermique, généralement à essence. (fr)
- Um automóvel híbrido é um automóvel que tem um motor de combustão interna, normalmente a gasolina, e um motor eléctrico que permite manter o motor de combustão funcionando a baixas rotações, ou em certos momentos não funcionando, e, desse modo, reduzir o consumo de combustível e a emissão de poluentes. Como exemplo, tem-se um automóvel que combine motor a combustão e motor elétrico na realidade é um veículo elétrico alimentado pela energia cinética proveniente da queima de combustível. Este é o modelo mais difundido nas locomotivas e geradores diesel-elétrico. (pt)
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