Interurban (original) (raw)

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Meziměstská tramvaj je forma tramvajové dopravy, často rychlodrážního nebo vlakotramvajového typu, která překračuje administrativní hranice obcí.

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dbo:abstract Meziměstská tramvaj je forma tramvajové dopravy, často rychlodrážního nebo vlakotramvajového typu, která překračuje administrativní hranice obcí. (cs) Eine Überlandstraßenbahn, veraltet auch Fernstraßenbahn genannt, ist eine Straßenbahnstrecke, die sich deutlich von klassischen innerstädtischen Straßenbahnverbindungen unterscheidet. Der Begriff wird auch für eine auf Überlandabschnitten verkehrende Straßenbahn-Linie verwendet. Eine Überlandstraßenbahn übernimmt Verkehrsbeziehungen im Regionalbereich, meist über Stadtgrenzen hinweg. Sie kann dabei auch, ähnlich einer klassischen Eisenbahn, städteverbindende Funktionen haben. Aber nicht jede städteverbindende Straßenbahnstrecke gilt als Überlandstraßenbahn. Dies ist beispielsweise dann nicht der Fall, wenn in Ballungsräumen wie dem Ruhrgebiet Städte ohne Siedlungslücke direkt aneinandergrenzen. Ebenfalls nicht zu den Überlandstraßenbahnen gehören Tram-Train-Systeme, denn diese verkehren in der Stadt als Straßenbahn und im ländlichen Bereich als Eisenbahn. Überlandstraßenbahnen sind oft eingleisig mit Ausweichen trassiert, verkehren meist auf eigenem Bahnkörper mit Vignolschienen und weisen längere Haltestellenabstände auf. Oft verlaufen sie außerorts parallel zu Landstraßen, in Ortsdurchfahrten aber auf Rillenschienen im Straßenplanum. Ein weiteres Kennzeichen sind Haltestellen auf freiem Feld oder in Waldgebieten. (de) The Interurban (or radial railway in Europe and Canada) is a type of electric railway, with streetcar-like electric self-propelled rail cars which run within and between cities or towns. They were very prevalent in North America between 1900 and 1925 and were used primarily for passenger travel between cities and their surrounding suburban and rural communities. The concept spread to countries such as Japan, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, Italy and Poland. Interurban as a term encompassed the companies, their infrastructure, their cars that ran on the rails, and their service. In the United States, the early 1900s interurban was a valuable economic institution. Most roads between towns and many town streets were unpaved. Transportation and haulage was by horse-drawn carriages and carts. The interurban provided reliable transportation, particularly in winter weather, between the town and countryside. In 1915, 15,500 miles (24,900 km) of interurban railways were operating in the United States and, for a few years, interurban railways, including the numerous manufacturers of cars and equipment, were the fifth-largest industry in the country. By 1930, most interurbans in North America were gone with a few surviving into the 1950s. Outside of the US large networks of high-speed electric tramways have been built in countries across the world that survive today. Notable systems exist in the Low Countries, Poland and Japan, where populations are densely packed around large conurbations such as the Randstad, Upper Silesia, Greater Tokyo Area and Keihanshin. Switzerland, particularly, has a large network of mountain narrow gauge interurban lines. In addition, many tram-train lines are being built, especially in France and Germany but also elsewhere in the world. These can be regarded as interurbans since they run on the streets, like trams, when in cities, while out of them they either share existing railway lines or put lines abandoned by the railway companies to a new use. (en) Un tramway vicinal est en Belgique une ligne de tramway (suburbain, interurbain ou rural) ou de chemin de fer secondaire de la Société nationale des chemins de fer vicinaux. Par extension, le terme s'emploie pour l'ensemble des lignes ferrées de la SNCV y compris pour des lignes purement urbaines. (fr) インターアーバン(英語: Interurban、都市間電気鉄道)は、都市と都市を結ぶ電気鉄道の一体系を指す。数十km程度の都市間を結ぶ路線であり、都市内輸送を中心とする鉄道、数百kmにも及ぶ長距離路線と対比される。北米、日本、西ヨーロッパで普及した。 英語の発音はインタ・アーバンに近く、そこから転じて日本ではインターバンと呼ばれることもある。一部書籍ではドイツ語風のインターバーンという表記も見られるが、英語由来の単語である。 (ja) Een interurban (uit het Latijn, inter = tussen en urbs = stad) is een Amerikaanse term voor een vorm van railvervoer tussen steden en dorpen. In België wordt gesproken over buurtspoorwegen; in Nederland is interlokale tram gangbaar. Duitsland kent een zelfde soort tramlijnen als Überlandstraßenbahn. In Australië is interurban echter de term voor een intercitytrein. In Canada werd het woord interurban gebruikt, maar ook, vooral in de provincie Ontario, radial railway, zoals de elektrische spoorlijnen uit een stad straalden (radiate = uitstralen). Eerst en voornamelijk in de Verenigde Staten heeft dit vervoermiddel een grote rol gespeeld bij de ontwikkeling van het leven buiten de steden. Op het hoogtepunt van deze ontwikkeling waren er meer dan 25.000 kilometer tramlijnen en 10.000 tramwagens. Sommige trams waren in staat meer dan 130 kilometer per uur te rijden, waren uiterst luxueus en er kon bijvoorbeeld onderweg worden gedineerd. In veel grote steden ontstonden voor deze diensten aparte, monumentale stationsgebouwen zoals het stationsgebouw in Indianapolis dat tevens een hotel was en waarvandaan per dag ongeveer 500 passagierswagens en 100 vrachttrams vertrokken. (nl) I tram interurbani, o tram extraurbani, sono una particolare variante di tram adatta a un servizio più pesante dovendo in genere collegare tra loro diversi centri abitatI. Sono principalmente, ma non esclusivamente, adibiti al trasporto dei passeggeri. Essendo destinati a un uso più impegnativo, sono costruiti in maniera più robusta e sono più potenti e veloci. I tram interurbani spesso condividono i binari con le tranvie urbane all'interno delle città, mentre al di fuori delle città corrono perlopiù in o in all'interno delle strade. Quando circolano su tratte esercitate con regime di circolazione ferroviario o percorrono vere e proprie tratte della rete ferroviaria assumono altre definizioni come tram-treno. (it) Interurban, międzymiastowy tramwaj – typ kolejki elektrycznej, do obsługi której wykorzystywane są wagony tramwajowe, jeżdżące w obrębie miast, a także między miastami. Były one rozpowszechnione w Stanach Zjednoczonych i w Kanadzie w latach 1900–1925, a również były stosowane (i ciągle są) na Kubie, w Europie i Azji. Były one używane do przewozu pasażerów między miastami i ich przedmieściami, a także na obszarach wiejskich. Pojęcie interurban, czyli międzymiastowy używane jest na określenie przewoźnika, infrastruktury systemu transportowego oraz wagonów osobowych, które poruszają się po szynach. Systemy szybkiego tramwaju i tramwaju dwusystemowego są podobne do sieci interurban. W Polsce międzymiastowe linie tramwajowe istnieją w sieci tramwajowej obejmującej miejscowości na Górnym Ślasku i Zagłębiu Dąbrowskim i w systemie tramwajowym w aglomeracji łódzkiej. (pl) Междугородный и пригородный трамвай (интерурбан) — вид рельсового транспорта, соединяющий разные города или один город с его пригородами. Интерурбаны отличаются от обычных железных дорог тем, что организация их работы гораздо ближе к трамваю, что выражается в частности в более лёгком подвижном составе (как правило, электрическом), частых остановках, лёгком строении пути, устройстве совмещённого пути и т. д. Нередко часть маршрута, проходящая по центру города, ничем не отличается от линии обычного городского трамвая. Тем не менее в отношении многих систем нельзя однозначно определить, следует ли их считать междугородными трамваями или лёгкими железными дорогами. (ru) En interurbanspårväg (från latinets inter, mellan och urbs, stad) är en spårväg som förbinder närliggande städer med varandra, i tätbefolkade områden. I vissa avseenden är den ett mellanting mellan en spårväg och en järnväg. Interurbanspårvägar hade historiskt stor betydelse för kollektivtrafiken i särskilt USA (interurban) och Belgien (chemin de fer vicinal eller buurtspoorweg). De är oftast elektrifierade, i allmänhet med 600–1500 V likström, men oelektrifierade interurbanspårvägar har också förekommit. Interurbanspårvägarna går helt eller delvis på egen banvall. De elektrifierade interurbanspårvägarna har fördelen gentemot järnvägar att vagnarna klarar brantare lutningar. (sv) Міжміський і приміський трамвай (інтерурбан) — вид рейкового транспорту, що сполучає різні міста або одне місто з його передмістями. Інтерурбани відрізняються від звичайних залізниць тим, що організація їх роботи набагато ближче до трамваю, що виражається зокрема в більш легкому рухомому складі (як правило, електричному), частих зупинках, легкій будові колії, пристрою суміщеної колії тощо. Нерідко частина маршруту, що проходить по центру міста, нічим не відрізняється від лінії звичайного міського трамваю. Проте відносно багатьох систем не можна однозначно визначити, чи слід їх вважати міжміськими трамваями або легкими залізницями. (uk) 城际电车是一种连结城市的公共交通系统,通常采用类似有轨电车的轻型铁路车辆。在美国、日本以及荷兰、比利时、波兰等国家曾建有大型的城际电车网络,部分城际电车线路运营至今。 (zh)
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dbp:footer Mikage Station in 1910 and today . Note the longer platforms and grade separation. These improvements were typical evolutions of early interurbans in Japan. (en) Nankai Electric Railway Namba Station. Many Japanese private railways still retain their large stub interurban terminals connected to their department store and office developments. (en)
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dbp:image The platform of Mikage Station on the Hanshin Main Line 01.jpg (en) 阪神御影停留所 明治四十三年.jpg (en) Namba Station.JPG (en) Nankai namba station02s3072.jpg (en)
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rdfs:comment Meziměstská tramvaj je forma tramvajové dopravy, často rychlodrážního nebo vlakotramvajového typu, která překračuje administrativní hranice obcí. (cs) Un tramway vicinal est en Belgique une ligne de tramway (suburbain, interurbain ou rural) ou de chemin de fer secondaire de la Société nationale des chemins de fer vicinaux. Par extension, le terme s'emploie pour l'ensemble des lignes ferrées de la SNCV y compris pour des lignes purement urbaines. (fr) インターアーバン(英語: Interurban、都市間電気鉄道)は、都市と都市を結ぶ電気鉄道の一体系を指す。数十km程度の都市間を結ぶ路線であり、都市内輸送を中心とする鉄道、数百kmにも及ぶ長距離路線と対比される。北米、日本、西ヨーロッパで普及した。 英語の発音はインタ・アーバンに近く、そこから転じて日本ではインターバンと呼ばれることもある。一部書籍ではドイツ語風のインターバーンという表記も見られるが、英語由来の単語である。 (ja) Междугородный и пригородный трамвай (интерурбан) — вид рельсового транспорта, соединяющий разные города или один город с его пригородами. Интерурбаны отличаются от обычных железных дорог тем, что организация их работы гораздо ближе к трамваю, что выражается в частности в более лёгком подвижном составе (как правило, электрическом), частых остановках, лёгком строении пути, устройстве совмещённого пути и т. д. Нередко часть маршрута, проходящая по центру города, ничем не отличается от линии обычного городского трамвая. Тем не менее в отношении многих систем нельзя однозначно определить, следует ли их считать междугородными трамваями или лёгкими железными дорогами. (ru) En interurbanspårväg (från latinets inter, mellan och urbs, stad) är en spårväg som förbinder närliggande städer med varandra, i tätbefolkade områden. I vissa avseenden är den ett mellanting mellan en spårväg och en järnväg. Interurbanspårvägar hade historiskt stor betydelse för kollektivtrafiken i särskilt USA (interurban) och Belgien (chemin de fer vicinal eller buurtspoorweg). De är oftast elektrifierade, i allmänhet med 600–1500 V likström, men oelektrifierade interurbanspårvägar har också förekommit. Interurbanspårvägarna går helt eller delvis på egen banvall. De elektrifierade interurbanspårvägarna har fördelen gentemot järnvägar att vagnarna klarar brantare lutningar. (sv) Міжміський і приміський трамвай (інтерурбан) — вид рейкового транспорту, що сполучає різні міста або одне місто з його передмістями. Інтерурбани відрізняються від звичайних залізниць тим, що організація їх роботи набагато ближче до трамваю, що виражається зокрема в більш легкому рухомому складі (як правило, електричному), частих зупинках, легкій будові колії, пристрою суміщеної колії тощо. Нерідко частина маршруту, що проходить по центру міста, нічим не відрізняється від лінії звичайного міського трамваю. Проте відносно багатьох систем не можна однозначно визначити, чи слід їх вважати міжміськими трамваями або легкими залізницями. (uk) 城际电车是一种连结城市的公共交通系统,通常采用类似有轨电车的轻型铁路车辆。在美国、日本以及荷兰、比利时、波兰等国家曾建有大型的城际电车网络,部分城际电车线路运营至今。 (zh) Eine Überlandstraßenbahn, veraltet auch Fernstraßenbahn genannt, ist eine Straßenbahnstrecke, die sich deutlich von klassischen innerstädtischen Straßenbahnverbindungen unterscheidet. Der Begriff wird auch für eine auf Überlandabschnitten verkehrende Straßenbahn-Linie verwendet. (de) The Interurban (or radial railway in Europe and Canada) is a type of electric railway, with streetcar-like electric self-propelled rail cars which run within and between cities or towns. They were very prevalent in North America between 1900 and 1925 and were used primarily for passenger travel between cities and their surrounding suburban and rural communities. The concept spread to countries such as Japan, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, Italy and Poland. Interurban as a term encompassed the companies, their infrastructure, their cars that ran on the rails, and their service. In the United States, the early 1900s interurban was a valuable economic institution. Most roads between towns and many town streets were unpaved. Transportation and haulage was by horse-drawn carriages and c (en) I tram interurbani, o tram extraurbani, sono una particolare variante di tram adatta a un servizio più pesante dovendo in genere collegare tra loro diversi centri abitatI. Sono principalmente, ma non esclusivamente, adibiti al trasporto dei passeggeri. Essendo destinati a un uso più impegnativo, sono costruiti in maniera più robusta e sono più potenti e veloci. I tram interurbani spesso condividono i binari con le tranvie urbane all'interno delle città, mentre al di fuori delle città corrono perlopiù in o in all'interno delle strade. (it) Interurban, międzymiastowy tramwaj – typ kolejki elektrycznej, do obsługi której wykorzystywane są wagony tramwajowe, jeżdżące w obrębie miast, a także między miastami. Były one rozpowszechnione w Stanach Zjednoczonych i w Kanadzie w latach 1900–1925, a również były stosowane (i ciągle są) na Kubie, w Europie i Azji. Były one używane do przewozu pasażerów między miastami i ich przedmieściami, a także na obszarach wiejskich. (pl) Een interurban (uit het Latijn, inter = tussen en urbs = stad) is een Amerikaanse term voor een vorm van railvervoer tussen steden en dorpen. In België wordt gesproken over buurtspoorwegen; in Nederland is interlokale tram gangbaar. Duitsland kent een zelfde soort tramlijnen als Überlandstraßenbahn. In Australië is interurban echter de term voor een intercitytrein. In Canada werd het woord interurban gebruikt, maar ook, vooral in de provincie Ontario, radial railway, zoals de elektrische spoorlijnen uit een stad straalden (radiate = uitstralen). (nl)
rdfs:label Meziměstská tramvaj (cs) Überlandstraßenbahn (de) Tramway vicinal (fr) Interurban (en) Tram interurbano (it) インターアーバン (ja) Interurban (nl) Interurban (pl) Междугородный и пригородный трамвай (ru) Interurbanspårväg (sv) Інтерурбан (uk) 城际电车 (zh)
rdfs:seeAlso dbr:General_Motors_streetcar_conspiracy dbr:History_of_trams
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is dbp:type of dbr:Catalina_Dock_Line dbr:Puget_Sound_Electric_Railway dbr:San_Bernardino–Riverside_Line dbr:San_Fernando_Line dbr:San_Pedro_via_Dominguez_Line dbr:Santa_Ana_Line dbr:Santa_Ana–Huntington_Beach_Line dbr:Santa_Ana–Orange_Line dbr:Santa_Monica_Air_Line dbr:Sawtelle_Line dbr:Huntington_Beach–La_Bolsa_Line dbr:Petaluma_and_Santa_Rosa_Railroad dbr:Riverside–Arlington_Line dbr:Riverside–Rialto_Line dbr:Upland–Ontario_Line dbr:Upland–San_Bernardino_Line dbr:Venice_Short_Line dbr:Venice–Inglewood_Line dbr:Venice–Playa_del_Rey_Line dbr:Norwich_and_Westerly_Railway dbr:Elgin_and_Belvidere_Electric_Company dbr:Fukui_Railway_Fukubu_Line dbr:Fullerton_Line dbr:Glendale–Burbank_Line dbr:Monrovia–Glendora_Line dbr:Annandale_Line dbr:Long_Beach_Line dbr:Long_Beach–San_Pedro_Line dbr:Shorb_Line dbr:Sierra_Madre_Line dbr:Aurora,_Plainfield_and_Joliet_Railroad dbr:Balboa_Line dbr:Waukesha_Beach_Railway dbr:Wells_Street_Terminal dbr:Westgate_Line dbr:Whittier_Line dbr:Alhambra–San_Gabriel_Line dbr:Ferrocarril_de_Sóller dbr:Norristown_High_Speed_Line dbr:Northern_Texas_Traction_Company dbr:Owensmouth_Line dbr:Pasadena_via_Oak_Knoll_Line dbr:Hawthorne–El_Segundo_Line dbr:Texas_Electric_Railway dbr:Texas_Interurban_Railway dbr:Arrowhead_Line dbr:Chicago,_Aurora_and_DeKalb_Railroad dbr:La_Habra–Fullerton–Yorba_Linda_Line dbr:Pomona–Claremont_Line dbr:South_Shore_Line dbr:Redlands_Line dbr:Redondo_Beach_via_Gardena_Line dbr:Redondo_Beach_via_Playa_del_Rey_Line dbr:Woodstock_and_Sycamore_Traction_Company
is gold:hypernym of dbr:Michigan_United_Railways dbr:Brantford_and_Hamilton_Electric_Railway dbr:Peninsular_Railway_(California) dbr:Cincinnati,_Dayton_and_Toledo_Traction dbr:Toledo,_Port_Clinton_and_Lakeside_Railway dbr:Glendale_and_Montrose_Railway dbr:Nevada_County_Traction_Company dbr:Terre_Haute,_Indianapolis_and_Eastern_Traction_Company
is rdfs:seeAlso of dbr:Michigan_United_Railways dbr:Transportation_in_South_Florida
is owl:differentFrom of dbr:Light_rail
is foaf:primaryTopic of wikipedia-en:Interurban