Malay trade and creole languages (original) (raw)

dbo:abstract

Kreolské jazyky na bázi malajštiny jsou kreolské jazyky vycházející z malajštiny nebo indonéštiny. Většinou těchto jazyků se mluví v Indonésii. (cs)
In addition to its classical and literary form, Malay had various regional dialects established after the rise of the Srivijaya empire in Sumatra, Indonesia. Also, Malay spread through interethnic contact and trade across the Malay Archipelago as far as the Philippines. That contact resulted in a lingua franca ("trade language") that was called Bazaar Malay or low Malay and in Malay Melayu Pasar. It is generally believed that Bazaar Malay was a pidgin, influenced by contact among Malay, Hokkien, Portuguese, and Dutch traders. Besides the general simplification that occurs with pidgins, the Malay lingua franca had several distinctive characteristics. One was that possessives were formed with punya 'its owner'; another was that plural pronouns were formed with orang 'person'. The only Malayic affixes that remained productive were tĕr- and bĕr-. Other features: * Ada became a progressive particle. * Reduced forms of ini 'this' and itu 'that' before a noun became determiners. * The verb pĕrgi 'go' was reduced, and became a preposition 'towards'. * Causative constructions were formed with kasi or bĕri 'to give' or bikin or buat 'to make'. * Ini becomes to ni * Itu becomes to tu * A single preposition, often sama, was used for multiple functions, including direct and indirect object. For example, * Rumah-ku 'my house' becomes Saya punya rumah * Saya pukul dia 'I hit him' becomes Saya kasi pukul dia * Megat dipukul Robert 'Megat is hit by Robert' becomes Megat dipukul dek Robert Bazaar Malay is used in a limited extent in Singapore and Malaysia, mostly among the older generation or people with no working knowledge of English. The most important reason that contributed to the decline of Bazaar Malay is that pidgin Malay has creolised and created several new languages. Another reason is due to language shift in both formal and informal contexts, Bazaar Malay in Singapore is gradually being replaced by English, with English and its creole Singlish being the lingua franca among the younger generations. (en)
Comme beaucoup d'autres langues, le malais et l'indonésien ont donné naissance à des créoles. On identifie ainsi : * le malais baba de Singapour ; * le malais de Malacca ; * le malais de Sri Lanka. * le peranakan en Indonésie (Java et Bali). * Portail de l’Indonésie * Portail de la Malaisie * Portail de Singapour * Portail du Sri Lanka * Langues créoles et créolophonie (fr)
Bahasa Dagang dan Kreol Melayu atau Melayu Kreol adalah subdialek dari dialek Melayu Kelantan yang telah mengalami kreolisasi. Kontak ini menghasilkan lingua franca yang dipengaruhi oleh pedagang Melayu dan Tiongkok. Selain penyederhanaan umum bahasa pidgin, lingua franca Melayu memiliki sejumlah karakteristik. Salah satunya adalah kepemilikan yang ditandai kata punya dan pronomina jamak ditandai kata orang. Satu-satunya afiks Melayu yang masih dipakai sampai sekarang adalah tər- dan bər-. Ciri khas lainnya: * Ada menjadi partikel . * Penyusutan bentuk ini dan itu sebelum kata benda menjadi penentu (determiner). * Kata kerja pərgi disusutkan dan menjadi kata depan yang bermakna 'ke'. * Konstruksi dibentuk menggunakan kasi, bəri, bikin, atau buat. * Kata depan tunggal, biasanya sama, dipakai untuk sejumlah fungsi, termasuk objek langsung dan tidak langsung. Contoh: * Rumah-ku menjadi Saya punya rumah * Saya pukul dia menjadi Saya kasi pukul dia * Megat dipukul Robert menjadi Megat dipukul dek Robert (in)
Além de sua forma clássica e literária, a língua malaia tem diversas variantes regionais estabelecidos antes da ascensão do Sultanato de Malaca. A propagação do malaio através do contato interétnico e do comércio em todo o arquipélago malaio, tanto quanto nas Filipinas, resultou em uma língua franca que foi chamada de "malaio bazaar" ou baixo malaio. Acredita-se geralmente que malaio bazaar fosse um pidgin, influenciado pelo contato entre os malaios e comerciantes chineses, portugueses e neerlandeses. Além da simplificação geral que ocorre com pidgins, a língua franca malaia tinha várias características distintas. O malaio bazaar ainda é usado, de forma limitada, em Singapura e na Malásia. A consequência mais importante, no entanto, foi a do pidgin malaio, com o surgimento de várias novas línguas crioulas, tais como: * malaio baba de Singapura * malaio de Malaca * malaio do Seri Lanca * peranakan na Indonésia (Java e Bali) * Malaio Manado * malaio de Jacarta * malaio ambonês (pt)
克里奥尔马来语是以马来语为基础的克里奥尔语。 (zh)

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dbp:aiatsis

P3 (en)

dbp:altname

(en)
Banda Malay (en)
Irian Malay (en)
Peranakan Indonesian (en)
Chitties Creole Malay (en)
بهاس ملايو چيتي (en)

dbp:date

1981 (xsd:integer)
1987 (xsd:integer)
1992 (xsd:integer)
1997 (xsd:integer)
2000 (xsd:integer)
2001 (xsd:integer)
2006 (xsd:integer)
2007 (xsd:integer)
2012 (xsd:integer)
2014 (xsd:integer)
n.d. (en)

dbp:dialects

dbp:elp

421 (xsd:integer)
1765 (xsd:integer)

dbp:elpname

Baba Malay (en)
Gorap (en)

dbp:ethnicity

dbr:Benteng_Chinese
dbr:Betawi_people
dbr:Peranakans
dbr:Loloan_Malays
dbr:Javanese_people
dbr:Chitty
dbr:Mardijker_people
(en)
various (en)
Sri Lankan Malays, also spoken by some Sinhalese in Hambantota (en)

dbp:fam

dbr:Kupang_Malay
dbr:Malay-based_creole
dbr:Malay-based_creole_languages
dbr:East_Indonesian_Malay
East Indonesian (en)
Malay-based creole (en)
Malay Creole (en)

dbp:family

Malay-based creole (en)
Brunei Malay-based creole? (en)
Malay–based pidgin (en)
Mixed Malay–Makassarese (en)

dbp:familycolor

Mixed (en)
Creole (en)
Pidgin (en)

dbp:glotto

ambo1250 (en)
beta1252 (en)
broo1238 (en)
baba1267 (en)
baca1243 (en)
bali1279 (en)
band1353 (en)
gora1261 (en)
kupa1239 (en)
maka1305 (en)
mala1481 (en)
mala1482 (en)
nort2828 (en)
papu1250 (en)
pera1256 (en)
saba1263 (en)
sril1245 (en)

dbp:glottorefname

Ambonese Malay (en)
Betawi (en)
Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin (en)
Kupang Malay (en)
Baba Malay (en)
Bacanese Malay (en)
Balinese Malay (en)
Banda Malay (en)
Brunei-Sabah Malay (en)
Gorap (en)
Makassar Malay (en)
Malaccan Creole Malay (en)
Manado Malay (en)
North Moluccan Malay (en)
Papuan Malay (en)
Peranakan Indonesian (en)
Sri Lanka Malay (en)

dbp:ietf

crp-035 (en)

dbp:iso

max (en)
sci (en)
ccm (en)
abs (en)
pea (en)
bew (en)
bpl (en)
bpq (en)
btj (en)
goq (en)
mbf (en)
mfp (en)
mhp (en)
mkn (en)
msi (en)
pmy (en)
xmm (en)

dbp:name

Ambonese Malay (en)
Betawi (en)
Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin (en)
Kupang Malay (en)
Baba Malay (en)
Bacanese Malay (en)
Balinese Malay (en)
Bandanese Malay (en)
Dili Malay (en)
Gorap (en)
Makassar Malay (en)
Malaccan Creole Malay (en)
Malay trade and creole languages (en)
Manado Malay (en)
North Moluccan Malay (en)
Papuan Malay (en)
Sabah Malay (en)
Sri Lankan Malay (en)
(ملايو بابا ڽوڽا) (en)
Baba Indonesian (en)

dbp:nativename

(en)
(بهاس ڤرانقن) (en)
Bahasa Indonesia Peranakan (en)
Bahasa Manado (en)
Bahasa Melayu Dili (en)
Bahasa-Bahasa Melayu Dagang dan Kreol (en)
بهاس٢ ملايو داݢڠ دان کريول (en)

dbp:ref

e21 (en)

dbp:region

dbr:Makassar
dbr:Maluku_Islands
dbr:Bacan
dbr:Bali
dbr:Banda_Islands
dbr:Broome,_Western_Australia
dbr:West_Timor
dbr:East_Java
dbr:North_Maluku
dbr:North_Sulawesi
dbr:Kampung_Alor
dbr:Jakarta
dbr:Dili
dbr:South_Sulawesi
dbr:Kupang
dbr:West_Papua_(region)
Melaka and Singapore (en)
Morotai Island, central Halmahera (en)
Nationwide, especially in Hambantota District (en)
Sabah, Sulu Archipelago, Labuan, south Palawan (en)

dbp:speakers

1 (xsd:integer)
6 (xsd:integer)
300 (xsd:integer)
1000 (xsd:integer)
2000 (xsd:integer)
3700 (xsd:integer)
20000 (xsd:integer)
25000 (xsd:integer)
46000 (xsd:integer)
100000 (xsd:integer)
200000 (xsd:integer)
250000 (xsd:integer)
700000 (xsd:integer)
850000 (xsd:integer)
1400000 (xsd:integer)
3000000 (xsd:integer)
5000000 (xsd:integer)
none (en)
L2 speakers: 40–50 (en)
"growing" (en)
Second language: million (en)
unknown; 500,000 combined L1 and L2 speakers (en)

dbp:states

dbr:Timor_Leste
dbr:Malaysia
dbr:Sri_Lanka
dbr:Indonesia
Southeast Asia, South Asia and Australia (en)

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dct:subject

rdf:type

rdfs:comment

Kreolské jazyky na bázi malajštiny jsou kreolské jazyky vycházející z malajštiny nebo indonéštiny. Většinou těchto jazyků se mluví v Indonésii. (cs)
Comme beaucoup d'autres langues, le malais et l'indonésien ont donné naissance à des créoles. On identifie ainsi : * le malais baba de Singapour ; * le malais de Malacca ; * le malais de Sri Lanka. * le peranakan en Indonésie (Java et Bali). * Portail de l’Indonésie * Portail de la Malaisie * Portail de Singapour * Portail du Sri Lanka * Langues créoles et créolophonie (fr)
克里奥尔马来语是以马来语为基础的克里奥尔语。 (zh)
In addition to its classical and literary form, Malay had various regional dialects established after the rise of the Srivijaya empire in Sumatra, Indonesia. Also, Malay spread through interethnic contact and trade across the Malay Archipelago as far as the Philippines. That contact resulted in a lingua franca ("trade language") that was called Bazaar Malay or low Malay and in Malay Melayu Pasar. It is generally believed that Bazaar Malay was a pidgin, influenced by contact among Malay, Hokkien, Portuguese, and Dutch traders. Other features: For example, (en)
Bahasa Dagang dan Kreol Melayu atau Melayu Kreol adalah subdialek dari dialek Melayu Kelantan yang telah mengalami kreolisasi. Kontak ini menghasilkan lingua franca yang dipengaruhi oleh pedagang Melayu dan Tiongkok. Selain penyederhanaan umum bahasa pidgin, lingua franca Melayu memiliki sejumlah karakteristik. Salah satunya adalah kepemilikan yang ditandai kata punya dan pronomina jamak ditandai kata orang. Satu-satunya afiks Melayu yang masih dipakai sampai sekarang adalah tər- dan bər-. Ciri khas lainnya: Contoh: (in)
Além de sua forma clássica e literária, a língua malaia tem diversas variantes regionais estabelecidos antes da ascensão do Sultanato de Malaca. A propagação do malaio através do contato interétnico e do comércio em todo o arquipélago malaio, tanto quanto nas Filipinas, resultou em uma língua franca que foi chamada de "malaio bazaar" ou baixo malaio. Acredita-se geralmente que malaio bazaar fosse um pidgin, influenciado pelo contato entre os malaios e comerciantes chineses, portugueses e neerlandeses. (pt)

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