Methyltransferase (original) (raw)
Methyltransferasen oder Methylasen sind Enzyme in allen Lebewesen, die ihre Substrate methylieren, das heißt, sie übertragen eine Methylgruppe auf andere Biomoleküle. Diese Reaktion ist Teil ganz unterschiedlicher Stoffwechselwege, insbesondere bei der Biosynthese der Cobalamine, Menachinone, von Porphyrin, Methionin und dTTP. Neben diversen Synthesewegen helfen Methyltransferasen allgemein beim Prozessieren von genetischer Information, so beim Verarbeiten von ribosomaler RNA, bei der DNA-Methylierung und anderer Methoden der Regulation der Transkription, beim mRNA-Capping und der Modifizierung von tRNA. Es gibt N-Methyltransferasen, und die vergleichsweise selteneren .
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dbo:abstract | ناقلة الميثيل (بالإنجليزية: Methyltransferase) هي عائلة كبيرة من الإنزيمات تقوم بمثيلة ركائزها، ويمكن تقسيمها إلى أقسام فرعية عديدة حسب خصائصها البنيوية. أشهر أقسام ناقلات الميثيل هو القسم 1 الذي تحتوي جميع الإنزيمات فيه على للارتباط بـ (SAM، سام). يحتوي القسم 2 من ناقلات الميثيل على نطاق SET كمثال نطاق SET لناقلة ميثيل الهستون. والقسم 3 من ناقلات الميثيل لها وظيفة مرتبطة بالغشاء. يمكن أن تُقسَّم ناقلات الميثيل كذلك إلى أنواع مختلفة حسب الركائز أثناء تفاعلات نقل الميثيل. تشمل هذه الأنواع، ناقلات ميثيل البروتين، ناقلات ميثيل الدنا/ الرنا، ناقلات ميثيل الناتج الطبيعي، وناقلات الميثيل غير المعتمدة على SAM. SAM هو مانح ميثيل كلاسيكي، لكن لوحظت مانحات ميثيل أخرى طبيعية. الآلية العامة في نقل الميثيل هو الهجوم المحب للنواة المشابه لـ أين يعمل كبريت الميثيونين كمحب للنواة وينقل مجموعة الميثيل إلى ركيزة الإنزيم. يُحوَّل SAM إلى (SAH) أثناء هذه العملية. كسر رابطة سام-ميثيل وتكوين الرابطة ركيزة-ميثيل يحدث بالتقريب في آن واحد. يوجد هذا التفاعل الإنزيمي في العديد من المسارات وله دور في الأمراض الجينية والسرطان وأمراض الأيض. (ar) Methyltransferasen oder Methylasen sind Enzyme in allen Lebewesen, die ihre Substrate methylieren, das heißt, sie übertragen eine Methylgruppe auf andere Biomoleküle. Diese Reaktion ist Teil ganz unterschiedlicher Stoffwechselwege, insbesondere bei der Biosynthese der Cobalamine, Menachinone, von Porphyrin, Methionin und dTTP. Neben diversen Synthesewegen helfen Methyltransferasen allgemein beim Prozessieren von genetischer Information, so beim Verarbeiten von ribosomaler RNA, bei der DNA-Methylierung und anderer Methoden der Regulation der Transkription, beim mRNA-Capping und der Modifizierung von tRNA. Es gibt N-Methyltransferasen, und die vergleichsweise selteneren . (de) Les méthyltransférases sont un groupe d'enzymes de la famille des transférases qui, comme leur nom l'indique, transfèrent un groupe méthyle d'un donneur à un accepteur. Les méthyltransférases forment la sous-classe EC 2.1.1 dans la nomenclature EC. La méthylation se produit couramment sur les bases nucléiques de l'ADN ou sur des acides aminés d'une protéine. De nombreuses méthytransferases, les méthylases SAM-dépendantes, utilisent la S-adénosylméthionine (SAM) comme donneur, où le groupe méthyle est activé par une liaison à un atome de soufre. (fr) Methyltransferases are a large group of enzymes that all methylate their substrates but can be split into several subclasses based on their structural features. The most common class of methyltransferases is class I, all of which contain a Rossmann fold for binding S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM). Class II methyltransferases contain a SET domain, which are exemplified by SET domain histone methyltransferases, and class III methyltransferases, which are membrane associated. Methyltransferases can also be grouped as different types utilizing different substrates in methyl transfer reactions. These types include protein methyltransferases, DNA/RNA methyltransferases, natural product methyltransferases, and non-SAM dependent methyltransferases. SAM is the classical methyl donor for methyltransferases, however, examples of other methyl donors are seen in nature. The general mechanism for methyl transfer is a SN2-like nucleophilic attack where the methionine sulfur serves as the leaving group and the methyl group attached to it acts as the electrophile that transfers the methyl group to the enzyme substrate. SAM is converted to S-Adenosyl homocysteine (SAH) during this process. The breaking of the SAM-methyl bond and the formation of the substrate-methyl bond happen nearly simultaneously. These enzymatic reactions are found in many pathways and are implicated in genetic diseases, cancer, and metabolic diseases. Another type of methyl transfer is the radical S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM) which is the methylation of unactivated carbon atoms in primary metabolites, proteins, lipids, and RNA. (en) Una metiltransferasi è un enzima appartenente alla classe delle transferasi, in grado di trasferire un gruppo metile da una molecola donatrice ad un accettore. Secondo la classificazione EC, tutte le metiltransferasi sono raggruppate nella sotto-sottoclasse EC 2.1.1. La metilazione mediata da questi enzimi ha solitamente luogo presso le basi azotate del DNA o sugli amminoacidi che compongono le proteine. La fonte di metili utilizzata dalle metiltransferasi è il metile reattivo legato allo zolfo della S-adenosil metionina (SAM). La metilazione del DNA è spesso utilizzata per silenziare e regolare i geni senza modificarne la sequenza. Tale metilazione, possibile grazie alla DNA metiltransferasi, avviene presso i residui di citosina ed è necessaria per molti processi connessi allo sviluppo embrionale dei mammiferi. Mutanti privi di tale enzima si sono rivelati non vitali. La metilazione è stata anche correlata allo sviluppo del cancro: la metilazione di geni oncosoppressori, infatti, promuove la tumorigenesi e la metastasi. Le metiltransferasi sito-specifiche presentano specificità di sequenza metilata, spesso identiche a quelle di alcuni enzimi di restrizione. La metilazione, in questi casi, può aver la funzione di proteggere il DNA dal taglio enzimatico, dal momento che gli enzimi di restrizione non sono in grado di tagliare sequenze metilate. La metilazione degli amminoacidi durante la formazione delle proteine porta concretamente ad un aumento del numero di differenti residui, con una conseguente diversità di funzioni. Le metilazioni hanno luogo presso gli atomi di azoto delle catene laterali o presso l'estremità N-terminale. In entrambi i casi, si tratta di reazioni solitamente irreversibili. (it) メチルトランスフェラーゼまたはメチル基転移酵素(methyltransferase)とは、メチル基を供与体から受容体へ転移させる転移酵素の総称である。 メチル化は大抵DNA中の核酸塩基もしくはタンパク質中のアミノ酸で起こる。メチルトランスフェラーゼはメチル基の供与体としてS-アデノシルメチオニン(SAM)の硫黄原子に結合した活性メチル基を用いる。 DNAメチル化は主にオリジナルのDNA配列の変更無しに遺伝子発現の制御に利用される。このメチル化はシトシン上で起こる。DNAメチル化は哺乳動物では胚形成期からの正常な発育のために必要である場合がある。ネズミDNAメチルトランスフェラーゼが欠損している変異体ES細胞をマウスの生殖細胞系に導入すると、劣性の致死表現型を引き起こす。また、ガン抑制遺伝子のメチル化は腫瘍化および転移ガンを進行させるため、メチル化はガン発生に関連がある可能性がある 。 部位特異的メチルトランスフェラーゼは、いくつかの制限酵素と同じDNA標的配列を持つ。また、メチル化は制限酵素が著しく修飾された配列を結合・認識できないため、酵素的切断からDNAを保護することがある。これはメチル化によって自身のDNAを保護すると同時に異質なDNAを除去する制限酵素を使うバクテリア制限修飾系において役立つ。 タンパク質の形成におけるアミノ酸でのメチル化は、アミノ酸に多様性を与え、従ってその機能にも多様性を与える。タンパク質のメチル化は、N末端上もしくはタンパク質の側鎖上の窒素原子上で起き、通常は不可逆である。 (ja) 메틸기전이효소(영어: methyltransferase) 또는 메틸트랜스퍼레이스는 기질을 메틸화하는 반응을 촉매하는 효소이며, 구조적 특징에 따라 여러 하위 부류로 나눌 수 있는 효소들의 큰 그룹이다. 메틸화효소(영어: methylase) 또는 메틸레이스라고도 한다. 가장 일반적인 메틸기전이효소의 부류는 클래스 I이며, 클래스 I은 S-아데노실메티오닌(SAM)에 결합하기 위한 을 포함하고 있다. 클래스 II 메틸기전이효소는 SET 도메인을 포함하며, 예로는 의 SET 도메인이 있다. 클래스 III 메틸기전이효소는 막에 결합되어 있다. 메틸기전이효소는 또한 메틸기 전이 반응에서 다른 기질들을 사용하는 다른 유형으로 구분될 수 있다. (ko) Metylotransferaza – enzym przenoszący resztę metylową pomiędzy związkami uczestniczącymi w reakcji, zmieniając w ten sposób ich działanie. (pl) |
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dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://biowiki.ucdavis.edu/Biochemistry/Catalysis/METHODS_OF_CATALYSIS/Metal_Ion_%28or_Electrostatic%29_Catalysis http://gcat.davidson.edu/conversions_04/dna_methyltransferase/index.html http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/the-role-of-methylation-in-gene-expression-1070 http://www.cellsignal.com/reference/pathway/Histone_Methylation.html http://www.news-medical.net/health/DNA-Methylation-What-is-DNA-Methylation.aspx http://www.phosphosite.org/proteinAction.do%3Fid=5489 https://web.archive.org/web/20071029191926/http:/www.flintbox.com/technology.asp%3Fpage=2941 http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/health-matters/201011/nutrition-and-depression-nutrition-methylation-and-depression-part-2 |
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rdfs:comment | Methyltransferasen oder Methylasen sind Enzyme in allen Lebewesen, die ihre Substrate methylieren, das heißt, sie übertragen eine Methylgruppe auf andere Biomoleküle. Diese Reaktion ist Teil ganz unterschiedlicher Stoffwechselwege, insbesondere bei der Biosynthese der Cobalamine, Menachinone, von Porphyrin, Methionin und dTTP. Neben diversen Synthesewegen helfen Methyltransferasen allgemein beim Prozessieren von genetischer Information, so beim Verarbeiten von ribosomaler RNA, bei der DNA-Methylierung und anderer Methoden der Regulation der Transkription, beim mRNA-Capping und der Modifizierung von tRNA. Es gibt N-Methyltransferasen, und die vergleichsweise selteneren . (de) Les méthyltransférases sont un groupe d'enzymes de la famille des transférases qui, comme leur nom l'indique, transfèrent un groupe méthyle d'un donneur à un accepteur. Les méthyltransférases forment la sous-classe EC 2.1.1 dans la nomenclature EC. La méthylation se produit couramment sur les bases nucléiques de l'ADN ou sur des acides aminés d'une protéine. De nombreuses méthytransferases, les méthylases SAM-dépendantes, utilisent la S-adénosylméthionine (SAM) comme donneur, où le groupe méthyle est activé par une liaison à un atome de soufre. (fr) 메틸기전이효소(영어: methyltransferase) 또는 메틸트랜스퍼레이스는 기질을 메틸화하는 반응을 촉매하는 효소이며, 구조적 특징에 따라 여러 하위 부류로 나눌 수 있는 효소들의 큰 그룹이다. 메틸화효소(영어: methylase) 또는 메틸레이스라고도 한다. 가장 일반적인 메틸기전이효소의 부류는 클래스 I이며, 클래스 I은 S-아데노실메티오닌(SAM)에 결합하기 위한 을 포함하고 있다. 클래스 II 메틸기전이효소는 SET 도메인을 포함하며, 예로는 의 SET 도메인이 있다. 클래스 III 메틸기전이효소는 막에 결합되어 있다. 메틸기전이효소는 또한 메틸기 전이 반응에서 다른 기질들을 사용하는 다른 유형으로 구분될 수 있다. (ko) Metylotransferaza – enzym przenoszący resztę metylową pomiędzy związkami uczestniczącymi w reakcji, zmieniając w ten sposób ich działanie. (pl) ناقلة الميثيل (بالإنجليزية: Methyltransferase) هي عائلة كبيرة من الإنزيمات تقوم بمثيلة ركائزها، ويمكن تقسيمها إلى أقسام فرعية عديدة حسب خصائصها البنيوية. أشهر أقسام ناقلات الميثيل هو القسم 1 الذي تحتوي جميع الإنزيمات فيه على للارتباط بـ (SAM، سام). يحتوي القسم 2 من ناقلات الميثيل على نطاق SET كمثال نطاق SET لناقلة ميثيل الهستون. والقسم 3 من ناقلات الميثيل لها وظيفة مرتبطة بالغشاء. يوجد هذا التفاعل الإنزيمي في العديد من المسارات وله دور في الأمراض الجينية والسرطان وأمراض الأيض. (ar) Methyltransferases are a large group of enzymes that all methylate their substrates but can be split into several subclasses based on their structural features. The most common class of methyltransferases is class I, all of which contain a Rossmann fold for binding S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM). Class II methyltransferases contain a SET domain, which are exemplified by SET domain histone methyltransferases, and class III methyltransferases, which are membrane associated. Methyltransferases can also be grouped as different types utilizing different substrates in methyl transfer reactions. These types include protein methyltransferases, DNA/RNA methyltransferases, natural product methyltransferases, and non-SAM dependent methyltransferases. SAM is the classical methyl donor for methyltransfera (en) Una metiltransferasi è un enzima appartenente alla classe delle transferasi, in grado di trasferire un gruppo metile da una molecola donatrice ad un accettore. Secondo la classificazione EC, tutte le metiltransferasi sono raggruppate nella sotto-sottoclasse EC 2.1.1. La metilazione mediata da questi enzimi ha solitamente luogo presso le basi azotate del DNA o sugli amminoacidi che compongono le proteine. La fonte di metili utilizzata dalle metiltransferasi è il metile reattivo legato allo zolfo della S-adenosil metionina (SAM). (it) メチルトランスフェラーゼまたはメチル基転移酵素(methyltransferase)とは、メチル基を供与体から受容体へ転移させる転移酵素の総称である。 メチル化は大抵DNA中の核酸塩基もしくはタンパク質中のアミノ酸で起こる。メチルトランスフェラーゼはメチル基の供与体としてS-アデノシルメチオニン(SAM)の硫黄原子に結合した活性メチル基を用いる。 DNAメチル化は主にオリジナルのDNA配列の変更無しに遺伝子発現の制御に利用される。このメチル化はシトシン上で起こる。DNAメチル化は哺乳動物では胚形成期からの正常な発育のために必要である場合がある。ネズミDNAメチルトランスフェラーゼが欠損している変異体ES細胞をマウスの生殖細胞系に導入すると、劣性の致死表現型を引き起こす。また、ガン抑制遺伝子のメチル化は腫瘍化および転移ガンを進行させるため、メチル化はガン発生に関連がある可能性がある 。 部位特異的メチルトランスフェラーゼは、いくつかの制限酵素と同じDNA標的配列を持つ。また、メチル化は制限酵素が著しく修飾された配列を結合・認識できないため、酵素的切断からDNAを保護することがある。これはメチル化によって自身のDNAを保護すると同時に異質なDNAを除去する制限酵素を使うバクテリア制限修飾系において役立つ。 (ja) |
rdfs:label | ناقلة الميثيل (ar) Methyltransferasen (de) Metiltransferasi (it) Méthyltransférase (fr) 메틸기전이효소 (ko) Methyltransferase (en) メチルトランスフェラーゼ (ja) Metylotransferaza (pl) |
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is dbo:wikiPageDisambiguates of | dbr:MT |
is dbo:wikiPageRedirects of | dbr:Methyl_transferase dbr:Methyl_transferases dbr:Methyltransferases dbr:Methylase dbr:Transmethylase |
is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of | dbr:Pseurotin_A dbr:Pyrrolysine dbr:Epigenetic_regulation_of_neurogenesis dbr:Epigenetics_in_learning_and_memory dbr:Epigenetics_of_cocaine_addiction dbr:Epigenetics_of_plant_growth_and_development dbr:Epitranscriptome dbr:MicroRNA dbr:HSD17B10 dbr:Mesoniviridae dbr:Methanohalophilus_mahii dbr:Methionine_synthase dbr:TRNA_(cytidine32/uridine32-2'-O)-methyltransferase dbr:Potexvirus dbr:Archease dbr:Robert_J._Schmitz dbr:Cyclodipeptide_synthases dbr:DNA_base_flipping dbr:DNA_binding_site dbr:DNA_methyltransferase dbr:Vanillin dbr:Vitamin_B12 dbr:EHMT1 dbr:EZH2 dbr:L-Tryptophan_decarboxylase dbr:O-GlcNAc dbr:O-methyltransferase dbr:ORF1ab dbr:Proline_isomerization_in_epigenetics dbr:Protein-S-isoprenylcysteine_O-methyltransferase dbr:Protein_methylation dbr:S-Adenosyl_methionine dbr:SARS-related_coronavirus dbr:Organic_Lake_virophage dbr:PDGFRA dbr:Radical_SAM dbr:Mupirocin dbr:N,N-Dimethyltryptamine dbr:N6-Methyladenosine dbr:Third-generation_sequencing dbr:LENG9 dbr:Orthohepevirus_A dbr:TEDDM1 dbr:Linezolid dbr:Caffeine_synthase dbr:Sul1_RNA_motif dbr:Hopanoids dbr:Idaeovirus dbr:PRC2 dbr:Protein_biosynthesis dbr:TBR1 dbr:MutS-1 dbr:O-6-methylguanine-DNA_methyltransferase dbr:2,5-Diketopiperazine dbr:Aureothin dbr:Brome_mosaic_virus dbr:AdoMet_MTase dbr:Tomas_Lindahl dbr:Trefoil_knot_fold dbr:William_Lipscomb dbr:Drug_metabolism dbr:H3K36me3 dbr:HBx dbr:Iridoviridae dbr:Juvenile_hormone_acid_O-methyltransferase dbr:SET_domain dbr:23S_rRNA_(adenine2085-N6)-dimethyltransferase dbr:23S_rRNA_(guanine2535-N1)-methyltransferase dbr:Echinomycin dbr:Ergotamine dbr:FR901483 dbr:Flavivirus dbr:Capping_enzyme dbr:Chromosome_21 dbr:Cilevirus dbr:Diet_and_cancer dbr:Glutamate_formimidoyltransferase dbr:Histone_methylation dbr:KMT2A dbr:KMT2D dbr:Restriction_enzyme dbr:Histidine dbr:Teixobactin dbr:CpG_island_hypermethylation dbr:Jingmenvirus dbr:TRAMP_complex dbr:Arginine dbr:Acetylserotonin_O-methyltransferase dbr:Chelidonine dbr:Choi_Yang-do dbr:Kasugamycin dbr:Kedarcidin dbr:L-isoaspartyl_methyltransferase dbr:Biosynthesis_of_doxorubicin dbr:Tabtoxin dbr:Coenzyme_Q5,_methyltransferase dbr:Heterochromatin dbr:Homologous_recombination dbr:West_Nile_virus dbr:Arsenic_biochemistry dbr:BAH_domain dbr:C12orf60 dbr:COMPASS_complex dbr:Fibrillarin dbr:Frequency_(gene) dbr:Hua-Enhancer1 dbr:Methyl_transferase dbr:Methyl_transferases dbr:Methyltransferases dbr:Methionine dbr:Methylase dbr:NhaA-II_RNA_motif dbr:Carnitine_biosynthesis dbr:Carrot_yellow-leaf_virus dbr:RadC_RNA_motif dbr:MT dbr:Methylation_induced_premeiotically dbr:Nicotinamide_N-methyltransferase dbr:Nidovirales dbr:Okenane dbr:WBSCR22 dbr:Polysaccharide_O-methyltransferase dbr:Protein-glutamate_O-methyltransferase dbr:Piwi-interacting_RNA dbr:Planarian_secretory_cell_nidovirus dbr:Plant_virus dbr:Lincosamides dbr:Five-prime_cap dbr:NCOA6 dbr:NDUFAF5 dbr:NDUFAF7 dbr:NSUN2 dbr:Naringenin_7-O-methyltransferase dbr:SETD3_(gene) dbr:Phycodnaviridae dbr:Pierre_Benveniste dbr:Polyketide_synthase dbr:Tumour_heterogeneity dbr:METTL14 dbr:PstI dbr:Pharmacoepigenetics dbr:Phenylethanolamine_N-methyltransferase dbr:METTL3 dbr:Oxepanoprolinamide dbr:PRMT1 dbr:PRMT4_pathway dbr:Ras_GTPase dbr:Yi_Zhang_(biochemist) dbr:Transferase dbr:Transmethylase |
is gold:hypernym of | dbr:EHMT2 |
is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Methyltransferase |