Exarch (original) (raw)
- إكساركوس (باليونانية القديمة: Έξαρχος) هو لقب أو منصب في الإمبراطورية البيزنطية كان يطلق على أي محافظ له سلطة موسعة لمقاطعة ممنوحة من العاصمة القسطنطينية.وكثيرا ما كان موقعه ينطوي على بعض العمليات العسكرية. (ar)
- Έξαρχος είναι ο τίτλος εκκλησιαστικού και πολιτικού αξιώματος που ανάγεται στον 9ο αιώνα. Στους βυζαντινούς χρόνους ήταν ο μόνιμος, ο προσωπικός απεσταλμένος (κάτι σαν Πρεσβευτής) του Πατριάρχη ή του Αυτοκράτορα σε διπλωματικές αποστολές. Κύριο αντικείμενό του ήταν η προώθηση όλων των αιτημάτων του Οικουμενικού Πατριάρχη ή του Αυτοκράτορα στους ηγέτες των κρατών. Σήμερα ο Τίτλος του Εξάρχου δίδεται σε Μητροπολίτες υπερόριων Μητροπόλεων του Οικουμενικού Θρόνου (Οικουμενικού Πατριαρχείου) και υποδηλώνει τη δικαιοδοσία και υπεροχή έναντι των άλλων Επισκόπων πάνω σε μία περιοχή του Μητροπολίτη που φέρει τον συγκεκριμένο τίτλο. (el)
- En el Imperio bizantino, un exarca (en griego antiguo, ἔξαρχος exarchos; que pasó al latín como exarchus) fue un gobernador con extendida autoridad sobre una provincia localizada a cierta distancia de la capital Constantinopla. La situación prevalente los involucró con frecuencia en operaciones militares. En las iglesias cristianas orientales (iglesia ortodoxa, iglesias ortodoxas orientales y católicas orientales), el término exarca tiene dos usos diferentes: el diputado de un patriarca, o un obispo que tiene autoridad sobre otros obispos sin ser un patriarca (por lo tanto, una posición entre la de patriarca y metropolitano); o bien, un obispo nombrado sobre un grupo de fieles que aún no es lo suficientemente grande o no está lo suficientemente organizado como para constituirse en una eparquía/diócesis (de ahí el equivalente de un vicario apostólico). Véanse también: Administración territorial del Imperio bizantino y Jerarquía de la Iglesia católica. (es)
- An exarch (/ˈɛksɑːrk/; from Ancient Greek ἔξαρχος exarchos, meaning “leader”) was the holder of any of various historical offices, some of them being political or military and others being ecclesiastical. In the late Roman Empire and early Byzantine Empire, an exarch was a governor of a particular territory. From the end of the 3rd century or early 4th, every Roman diocese was governed by a vicarius, who was titled "exarch" in eastern parts of the Empire, where the Greek language and the use of Greek terminology dominated, even though Latin was the language of the imperial administration from the provincial level up until the 440s (Greek translations were sent out with the official Latin text). In Greek texts, the Latin title is spelled βικάριος (bikarios). The office of exarch as a governor with extended political and military authority was later created in the Byzantine Empire, with jurisdiction over a particular territory, usually a frontier region at some distance from the capital Constantinople. In the Eastern Christian Churches (Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Catholic), the term exarch has three distinct uses: a metropolitan who holds the office of exarch is the deputy of a patriarch and holds authority over bishops of the designated ecclesiastical region (thus, a position between that of patriarch and regular metropolitan); or an auxiliary or titular bishop appointed to be exarch over a group of the faithful not yet large enough or organized enough to be constituted an eparchy or diocese (thus the equivalent of a vicar apostolic); or a priest or deacon who is appointed by a bishop as his executive representative in various fields of diocesan administration (in the Byzantine Empire, executive exarchs were usually collecting diocesan revenues for local bishops). (en)
- Exarka bat, Italian eta Afrikan Bizantziar Inperioko enperadoreen izenean gobernatzen zuen autoritate militarra zen. Mauriziok sortua VI. mendearen amaieran. Zentzu zorrotzagoan, zuzenean exarka batek administratutako Italia bizantziarreko probintzia izendatzen du, hau da, Ravena (zentzu honetan, erabiltzen jarraitu zen XII. mendearen amaiera arte). Beste alde batetik Greziako Eliza Ortodoxoan, exarka bat, hierarkikoki, aitalehenaren azpian dagoen lehen autoritatea da. (eu)
- Eksarkat (dari Yunani ἔξαρχος, exarchos; bahasa Inggris: exarch) adalah gelar seorang gubernur provinsi pada Kekaisaran Bizantium, terutama untuk wilayah yang agak jauh dari ibu kota Konstantinopel. Pada kebanyakan keadaan, seorang eksarka sering kali ikut serta dalam operasi militer. (in)
- Esarca o Esarco (in latino: exarchus, in greco moderno: ἔξαρχος) è stato un titolo utilizzato in diverse epoche e luoghi: * nell'antica Sparta indicava il capo degli efori; * nell'Impero bizantino designava i viceré, cioè i governatori di esarcati, grandi raggruppamenti territoriali d'oltremare (Esarcato d'Italia e Esarcato d'Africa); * tuttora il titolo è utilizzato dalle Chiese orientali, sia cattoliche sia ortodosse. Il titolo deriva dal greco ἐξ-, particella intensiva, e ἀρχός, capo, ad indicare un amministratore di grado superiore. (it)
- エクザルフ(ロシア語: Экзарх, 英語: exarch)とは、正教会の主教の役職・称号。総主教の使節としての役割を果たす他、独自の教区(エクザルフ教区, 英語: exarchate)を持つ場合もある。総主教代理と表記されることもある。 原語であるギリシア語: ἔξαρχος(エグザルホス、英語・ロシア語風表記としてはエクザルフ)は、上述の主教の役職・称号としての用法の他に、東ローマ帝国時代の「総督」「地方大守」等と訳される職も指していた。日本語以外の言語では、東ローマ帝国の総督職と、正教会における主教としてのエクザルフとを、原語からの転写を基にした同じ言葉で言い表す事が多い。 (ja)
- Экза́рх (греч. ἔξαρχος — «зачинатель»; «начальник хора»; «руководитель, глава») — изначально руководитель хора в Древней Греции. Позднее — титул руководителя, в частности, верховного жреца в Древнем Риме (понтифика) и верховного правителя крупной провинции в ранней Византии (см. Равеннский экзархат, Карфагенский экзархат). В православии и католицизме экзарх — сан главы отдельного церковного округа. (ru)
- Exark (grekiska: exarchos, anförare) är en titel. Exarken var under den senare romerska kejsartiden en underordnad officer, senare officer i motsats till menig. Från Justinianus I:s tid (527–565) gavs titeln åt ledarna av stora militära expeditioner, och från slutet av 500-talet åt de bysantinska provinsståthållarna i Italien och Afrika; med Exarkatet avses i första hand de bysantinska områdena i Italien. På Gregorius den stores tid (omkring 600) användes den allmänt. Den italienske exarken residerade i Ravenna och hade titeln patricius et exarchus Italiæ. Han innehade både den militära och den civila myndigheten i sin provins, liksom han också gentemot kyrkan utövade kejsarens rätt att pröva biskopsvalen och bekräfta påvevalet. Den sistnämnda befogenheten övergick omkring 730 till Roms patricius et dux. Ämbetet bortföll när langobarderna erövrade Ravenna 751. I Afrika hade det under arabernas angrepp försvunnit redan 647. Inom den kyrkliga förvaltningen betecknade i den äldsta kyrkan titeln exark övermetropoliten över en av de dieceser som var organiserade som högre förvaltningsenheter över provinserna (Alexandria, Antiokia, Jerusalem, Konstantinopel, Efesos och Caesarea), men utbyttes för de fyra förstnämnda senare mot titeln patriark. Det existerade 1870–1950. (sv)
- O exarco ou exarca era a autoridade bizantina que governava a península Itálica ou a África, na qualidade de representante do imperador do Oriente, após a queda do Império Romano do Ocidente. O cargo foi instituído pelo imperador Maurício, em fins do século VI, como uma reação ao enfraquecimento da autoridade imperial em regiões mais distantes do poder central, e unificava as funções civis e militares do governo da província numa mesma pessoa. O território governado pelo exarca chamava-se exarcado. Os bizantinos instituíram dois exarcados, o de Ravena e o de Cartago. Nas igrejas cristãs orientais (ortodoxas, ortodoxas orientais e católicas orientais), o termo "exarca" possui dois sentidos distintos: o substituto de um patriarca ou o bispo que detém autoridade sobre outros bispos sem que seja um patriarca (ou seja, um cargo entre o de patriarca e o de metropolita); e o bispo nomeado para um grupo de fiéis que não é ainda suficientemente amplo ou organizado para constituir uma eparquia ou diocese (ou seja, um cargo equivalente ao de vigário apostólico). (pt)
- Екза́рх (грец. έξαρχος) — почесна назва найвищих державних достойників у Візантійській Імперії. (uk)
- 督主教(英語:Exarch)是種在東方禮儀教會,如東方正教會及東儀天主教會,常見的神職人員職銜。意指代表某位宗主教管理某個地區的主教,在某些情況下則是管理數個教區但尚未足以成為宗主教的主教頭銜。而在東儀天主教會,此一職稱常常等同於宗座代牧一職 ,但除了代表教宗外,也有代表特定東儀天主教宗主教或是大總主教者,負責代表上述三者管理一個尚未足以成為教區的地方教會,值得注意的是此職在東儀天主教不一定是由主教品神職人員擔任。 (zh)
- http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/dioc-rite.htm
- https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_UPr1ZCxPW6QC%7Cpublisher=Catholic
- http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Religious_Organizations.html
- http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/data/typeapex.htm
- http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/data/typearex.htm
- http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/data/typeptex.htm
- https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=1fEkAQAAIAAJ%7Cyear=2002%7Clocation=Rome%7Cpublisher=Oriental
- https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=6J_YAAAAMAAJ
- https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=Bt0_AAAAYAAJ%7Cpublisher=Basil
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- إكساركوس (باليونانية القديمة: Έξαρχος) هو لقب أو منصب في الإمبراطورية البيزنطية كان يطلق على أي محافظ له سلطة موسعة لمقاطعة ممنوحة من العاصمة القسطنطينية.وكثيرا ما كان موقعه ينطوي على بعض العمليات العسكرية. (ar)
- Exarka bat, Italian eta Afrikan Bizantziar Inperioko enperadoreen izenean gobernatzen zuen autoritate militarra zen. Mauriziok sortua VI. mendearen amaieran. Zentzu zorrotzagoan, zuzenean exarka batek administratutako Italia bizantziarreko probintzia izendatzen du, hau da, Ravena (zentzu honetan, erabiltzen jarraitu zen XII. mendearen amaiera arte). Beste alde batetik Greziako Eliza Ortodoxoan, exarka bat, hierarkikoki, aitalehenaren azpian dagoen lehen autoritatea da. (eu)
- Eksarkat (dari Yunani ἔξαρχος, exarchos; bahasa Inggris: exarch) adalah gelar seorang gubernur provinsi pada Kekaisaran Bizantium, terutama untuk wilayah yang agak jauh dari ibu kota Konstantinopel. Pada kebanyakan keadaan, seorang eksarka sering kali ikut serta dalam operasi militer. (in)
- Esarca o Esarco (in latino: exarchus, in greco moderno: ἔξαρχος) è stato un titolo utilizzato in diverse epoche e luoghi: * nell'antica Sparta indicava il capo degli efori; * nell'Impero bizantino designava i viceré, cioè i governatori di esarcati, grandi raggruppamenti territoriali d'oltremare (Esarcato d'Italia e Esarcato d'Africa); * tuttora il titolo è utilizzato dalle Chiese orientali, sia cattoliche sia ortodosse. Il titolo deriva dal greco ἐξ-, particella intensiva, e ἀρχός, capo, ad indicare un amministratore di grado superiore. (it)
- エクザルフ(ロシア語: Экзарх, 英語: exarch)とは、正教会の主教の役職・称号。総主教の使節としての役割を果たす他、独自の教区(エクザルフ教区, 英語: exarchate)を持つ場合もある。総主教代理と表記されることもある。 原語であるギリシア語: ἔξαρχος(エグザルホス、英語・ロシア語風表記としてはエクザルフ)は、上述の主教の役職・称号としての用法の他に、東ローマ帝国時代の「総督」「地方大守」等と訳される職も指していた。日本語以外の言語では、東ローマ帝国の総督職と、正教会における主教としてのエクザルフとを、原語からの転写を基にした同じ言葉で言い表す事が多い。 (ja)
- Экза́рх (греч. ἔξαρχος — «зачинатель»; «начальник хора»; «руководитель, глава») — изначально руководитель хора в Древней Греции. Позднее — титул руководителя, в частности, верховного жреца в Древнем Риме (понтифика) и верховного правителя крупной провинции в ранней Византии (см. Равеннский экзархат, Карфагенский экзархат). В православии и католицизме экзарх — сан главы отдельного церковного округа. (ru)
- Екза́рх (грец. έξαρχος) — почесна назва найвищих державних достойників у Візантійській Імперії. (uk)
- 督主教(英語:Exarch)是種在東方禮儀教會,如東方正教會及東儀天主教會,常見的神職人員職銜。意指代表某位宗主教管理某個地區的主教,在某些情況下則是管理數個教區但尚未足以成為宗主教的主教頭銜。而在東儀天主教會,此一職稱常常等同於宗座代牧一職 ,但除了代表教宗外,也有代表特定東儀天主教宗主教或是大總主教者,負責代表上述三者管理一個尚未足以成為教區的地方教會,值得注意的是此職在東儀天主教不一定是由主教品神職人員擔任。 (zh)
- Έξαρχος είναι ο τίτλος εκκλησιαστικού και πολιτικού αξιώματος που ανάγεται στον 9ο αιώνα. Στους βυζαντινούς χρόνους ήταν ο μόνιμος, ο προσωπικός απεσταλμένος (κάτι σαν Πρεσβευτής) του Πατριάρχη ή του Αυτοκράτορα σε διπλωματικές αποστολές. Κύριο αντικείμενό του ήταν η προώθηση όλων των αιτημάτων του Οικουμενικού Πατριάρχη ή του Αυτοκράτορα στους ηγέτες των κρατών. (el)
- An exarch (/ˈɛksɑːrk/; from Ancient Greek ἔξαρχος exarchos, meaning “leader”) was the holder of any of various historical offices, some of them being political or military and others being ecclesiastical. (en)
- En el Imperio bizantino, un exarca (en griego antiguo, ἔξαρχος exarchos; que pasó al latín como exarchus) fue un gobernador con extendida autoridad sobre una provincia localizada a cierta distancia de la capital Constantinopla. La situación prevalente los involucró con frecuencia en operaciones militares. Véanse también: Administración territorial del Imperio bizantino y Jerarquía de la Iglesia católica. (es)
- O exarco ou exarca era a autoridade bizantina que governava a península Itálica ou a África, na qualidade de representante do imperador do Oriente, após a queda do Império Romano do Ocidente. O cargo foi instituído pelo imperador Maurício, em fins do século VI, como uma reação ao enfraquecimento da autoridade imperial em regiões mais distantes do poder central, e unificava as funções civis e militares do governo da província numa mesma pessoa. O território governado pelo exarca chamava-se exarcado. Os bizantinos instituíram dois exarcados, o de Ravena e o de Cartago. (pt)
- Exark (grekiska: exarchos, anförare) är en titel. Exarken var under den senare romerska kejsartiden en underordnad officer, senare officer i motsats till menig. Från Justinianus I:s tid (527–565) gavs titeln åt ledarna av stora militära expeditioner, och från slutet av 500-talet åt de bysantinska provinsståthållarna i Italien och Afrika; med Exarkatet avses i första hand de bysantinska områdena i Italien. På Gregorius den stores tid (omkring 600) användes den allmänt. Den italienske exarken residerade i Ravenna och hade titeln patricius et exarchus Italiæ. Han innehade både den militära och den civila myndigheten i sin provins, liksom han också gentemot kyrkan utövade kejsarens rätt att pröva biskopsvalen och bekräfta påvevalet. Den sistnämnda befogenheten övergick omkring 730 till Roms pa (sv)
- Exarch (en)
- إكسارخوس (ar)
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