Philip Melanchthon (original) (raw)
Philipp Melanchthon (pořečtěná forma příjmení Schwarzerdt, 16. února 1497 Bretten – 19. dubna 1560 Wittenberg) byl humanistický učenec, reformační teolog, vysokoškolský pedagog, poradce a přítel Martina Luthera. Ve své teologické pozici se snažil hledat konsenzus mezi jednotlivými reformačními myšlenkovými proudy. Zasloužil se o reformu evangelického církevního systému a německého školství.
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dbo:abstract | Philipp Melanchthon, (nom hel·lenitzat de Philipp Schwartzerdt) (16 de febrer 1497 — 19 d'abril del 1560) fou un professor i teòleg alemany seguidor, amic i sistematitzador de Luter que va tenir un paper clau a la Reforma Luterana i va esdevenir el líder del luteranisme després de la mort de Luter. Era el fill gran d'una família benestant. Són pare Georg era un armer, que va morir després d'una llarga malaltia quan Philipp tenia onze anys. Aquesta mort prematura i sobretot la convicció religiosa del seu pare en l'adversitat van marcar molt el jove Philipp. Aviat va ser influït pel luteranisme. Ja el 1519 a la seva disputatio per a obtenir el grau de baccalaureus va defensar els principis de , el que vol dir que per a elle només compten els texts de la bíblia, les «escriptures» i no la tradició ulterior i sola fides i va refusar el dogma de la transsubstanciació. El 1530 va escriure la Confessio Augustana (1530), un escrit encara fonamental de les esglésies luteranes i que va ser presentat a la Dieta d'Augsburg el 25 de juny del 1530 com un text de concòrdia amb el catolicisme. Amb la seva obra Oratio pro Luthero (Arenga a favor de Luter) va oposar-se al teòleg del vaticà . Va intentar de mitjançar en el conflicte entre Luter i Erasmus. Des del 1529 va activar-se políticament. Va acompanyar l'elector de Saxònia a l'assemblea de protesta (Protestationsreichtstag) dels prínceps alemanys seguidors del protestantisme a Espira, i des d'aleshores va esdevenir un portaveu respectat a totes les assemblees. Va ser un humanista i pedagog reconegut, tenint entre els seus alumnes l'indomit Tilemann Hesshusius. Tant en vida com després va ser una autoritat reconeguda, sobretot perquè va reeixir a convèncer el món acadèmic de a la reforma protestant. (ca) Philipp Melanchthon (pořečtěná forma příjmení Schwarzerdt, 16. února 1497 Bretten – 19. dubna 1560 Wittenberg) byl humanistický učenec, reformační teolog, vysokoškolský pedagog, poradce a přítel Martina Luthera. Ve své teologické pozici se snažil hledat konsenzus mezi jednotlivými reformačními myšlenkovými proudy. Zasloužil se o reformu evangelického církevního systému a německého školství. (cs) فيليب ملانكتون (بالألمانية: Philipp Melanchton) (بريتن، 16 فبراير 1497 - فيتنبيرغ، 19 أبريل 1560) إنساني ولاهوتي ألماني، صديق شخصي لمارتن لوثر وأحد أبرز شخصيات الإصلاح البروتستانتي. (ar) Ο Φίλιππος Μελάγχθων (Philipp Melanchthon), (πραγματικό όνομα: Φίλιππ Σβάρτσερδτ - Philipp Schwartzerdt, 16 Φεβρουαρίου 1497 - 19 Απριλίου 1560), ήταν Γερμανός λόγιος, καθηγητής ελληνικών, θεολογίας, ηγέτης της Λουθηρανικής εκκλησιαστικής Μεταρρύθμισης, φίλος και συνεργάτης του Μαρτίνου Λούθηρου. (el) Philipp Melanchthon (eigentlich Philipp Schwartzerdt; * 16. Februar 1497 in Bretten; † 19. April 1560 in Wittenberg) war neben Martin Luther der wichtigste kirchenpolitische Akteur und theologische Autor der Wittenberger Reformation. Von Johannes Reuchlin empfohlen, erhielt der junge Tübinger Humanist 1518 den Lehrstuhl für Altgriechisch an der Universität Wittenberg. Er stellte sich dort mit einem Programm zur Universitätsreform vor. Als einer der damals besten Kenner des Griechischen sah er im Studium der drei alten Sprachen einen Weg der Persönlichkeitsbildung. In den 1520er Jahren konnte er als Rektor in Wittenberg sowie als Schulgründer seine Reformpläne verwirklichen. Die Regeln der Rhetorik machte er für das Verständnis antiker Texte fruchtbar, und die Fähigkeit, ein Thema im Zusammenhang und in ansprechender Form darzustellen, wurde von den Wittenberger Studenten anstelle der traditionellen scholastischen Disputationen eingeübt. Melanchthon begleitete Luther 1519 zur Leipziger Disputation und profilierte sich danach als dessen Parteigänger. Mit den Loci communes legte er 1521 eine evangelische Dogmatik vor. Da Luther als Geächteter in seinen Reisemöglichkeiten eingeschränkt war, vertrat Melanchthon die Wittenberger Positionen bei Reichstagen und Religionsgesprächen. Mit der Confessio Augustana und der zugehörigen Apologie verfasste er 1530/31 zwei bis heute maßgebliche Bekenntnisschriften der evangelisch-lutherischen Kirche. Nach der Niederlage der Protestanten im Schmalkaldischen Krieg (1547) suchte Melanchthon Kompromisslösungen, was ihn in Gegensatz zu Matthias Flacius und seinem Kreis brachte. Der Adiaphoristische Streit war auch ein Streit um Melanchthons persönliche Integrität, in dem sich das konfessionelle Luthertum letztlich gegen ihn entschied. Obwohl Melanchthon seit 1560 als Praeceptor Germaniae („Lehrer Deutschlands“) bezeichnet wurde, gingen von seinem Werk auch europaweite Wirkungen aus: Melanchthonschüler prägten die lutherischen Kirchen in Skandinavien und Südosteuropa. Melanchthon stand in extensivem brieflichem Austausch mit anderen Reformatoren, darunter Johannes Calvin in Genf und Heinrich Bullinger in Zürich. Melanchthons Einfluss auf die Reformierte Kirche geht vor allem über den Heidelberger Katechismus, dessen Hauptverfasser, Zacharias Ursinus, sein Schüler war. Lange galt Melanchthon vor allem als Mitarbeiter Luthers. Die neuere Forschung nimmt stärker die Eigenständigkeit seines Denkens wahr. Als Bildungsreformer trug Melanchthon zur Etablierung der heutigen Naturwissenschaften an den Universitäten bei. Er sah den Fortschritt stets in der Erschließung antiker Quellentexte. Das heliozentrische Weltbild des Nikolaus Kopernikus hielt er für Spielerei, akzeptierte es aber zögernd als Denkmodell. Die neuen anatomischen Kenntnisse, die Andreas Vesalius durch Leichenöffnungen erzielt hatte, verfolgte er interessiert, verband sie aber auch mit den Erkenntnissen des Gelehrten und Arztes Galenos von Pergamon (2. Jahrhundert n. Chr.). (de) Filipo Melanktono resp. Filipo Melanĥtono (germane Philipp Melanchthon. laŭnaske Philipp Schwartzerd; naskiĝis la 16-an de februaro 1497, mortis la 19-an de aprilo 1560) estis germana profesoro kaj teologo, gravulo en la Protestanta Reformacio, grava estro de la Lutera Reformacio, kaj amiko kaj partnero de Marteno Lutero. (eo) Felipe Melanchthon (en alemán: Philipp Melanchthon) (Bretten, 16 de febrero de 1497 - Wittenberg, 19 de abril de 1560) fue un reformador religioso y erudito alemán. (es) Philipp Melanchthon, jaiotza-izena Philipp Schawarzerd alemaniar teologoa eta Erreforma Protestantearen lider intelektuala izan zen. 1518an Wittenbergeko unibertsitateko grekozko katedra lortu zuen, eta han Luteroren adiskide eta laguntzaile izan zen. 1521ean Lutero defenditu zuen Sorbonako Unibertsitatean, Apologia pro Luthero izeneko liburuaren bidez. Protestantismoaren funtsezko testu izan zen Augsburgeko aitorpenaren egile garrantzizkoena izan zen. 1546an Lutero hil zenean, ebanjelikoen buru bihurtu zen. 300 lan baino gehiago idatzi zituen, horien artean Loci communes rerum theologicarum, protestanteen lehen lan dogmatikoa. (eu) Philippe Mélanchthon est la forme francisée en usage dès le XVIe siècle du nom de l'érudit humaniste, philosophe et réformateur protestant allemand Philipp Melanchton (1497-1560), en latin Philippus Melanchthon, en grec Φίλιππος Μελάγχθων transcription ou interprétation approximative de son patronyme allemand Philipp Schwarzert. Docteur en théologie, professeur à l'université, disciple de Martin Luther, Mélanchthon est surtout connu pour avoir rédigé, en 1530, la Confession d'Augsbourg. Il est en outre le créateur du terme psychologie, forgé à partir du grec. (fr) Philip Melanchthon (born Philipp Schwartzerdt; 16 February 1497 – 19 April 1560) was a German Lutheran reformer, collaborator with Martin Luther, the first systematic theologian of the Protestant Reformation, intellectual leader of the Lutheran Reformation, and an influential designer of educational systems. He stands next to Luther and John Calvin as a reformer, theologian, and shaper of Protestantism. Melanchthon and Luther denounced what they believed was the exaggerated cult of the saints, asserted justification by faith, and denounced what they considered to be the coercion of the conscience in the sacrament of penance (confession and absolution), which they believed could not offer certainty of salvation. Both rejected the doctrine of transubstantiation, i.e. that the bread and wine of the eucharist are converted by the Holy Spirit into the flesh and blood of Christ; however, they affirmed that Christ's body and blood are present with the elements of bread and wine in the sacrament of the Lord's Supper. This Lutheran view of sacramental union contrasts with the understanding of the Catholic Church that the bread and wine cease to be bread and wine at their consecration (while retaining the appearances of both). Melanchthon made his distinction between law and gospel the central formula for Lutheran evangelical insight. By the "law", he meant God's requirements both in Old and New Testament; the "gospel" meant the free gift of grace through faith in Jesus Christ. (en) Philipp Melanchthon (Philipp Schwartzerdt atau Philippus Melanchthon; 17 Februari 1497 – 19 April 1560) adalah seorang profesor dan teolog dari Jerman, dan berperan penting dalam Reformasi Protestan. Martin Luther mengasaskan ajarannya sendiri dengan rekannya Philip Melanchton sebelum meninggal pada tahun 1546. Melanchthon dianggap sebagai teolog sistematika pertama dalam Reformasi Protestan, pemimpin intelektual dalam Reformasi Lutheran, dan perencana yang berpengaruh dalam sistem pendidikan. Bersama Luther dan Calvin, ia diakui sebagai reformator, teolog, dan pembentuk Protestantisme. Luther dan Melanchthon merupakan pendiri utama gerakan Lutheranisme. Mereka menolak kultus berlebihan para santo, pengampunan karena perbuatan, dan pemaksaan nurani dalam sakramen pertobatan oleh Gereja Katolik Roma, yang mereka yakini tidak dapat memberikan kepastian keselamatan. Melanchthon membuat perbedaan antara "hukum" dan "Injil" sebagai formula utama pandangan injili Lutheran. Ia memaksudkan "hukum" sebagai persyaratan bagi Allah, baik dalam Perjanjian Lama maupun Perjanjian Baru, sedangkan "Injil" berarti hadiah cuma-cuma rahmat melalui iman di dalam Yesus Kristus. (in) 필리프 멜란히톤(독일어: Philipp Melanchthon, 독일어 발음: [meˈlançtɔn], 본성: 슈바르체르트·Schwartzerdt, 1497년 2월 16일 ~ 1560년 4월 19일 비텐베르크)은 독일의 신학자이자 종교개혁가이다. 루터의 종교 개혁 운동의 동료로서 종교개혁운동을 통한 복음주의의 확립을 위하여 투쟁하였다. 1519년 루터와 함께 라이프치히 논쟁에도 참석하였다. 비텐베르크 대학의 교수로 있으면서 개신교 신학의 기초를 세우는 데 노력하였다. 신학자들의 신학적 차이를 화해시키는 관용적 인물로 종교개혁 신학의 발전에 큰 기여를 하였다. 저서로는 《신학 강요》, 《아우크스부르크 신앙 고백》 등이 있다. (ko) フィリップ・メランヒトン(Philipp Melanchthon, 出生名:Philipp Schwartzerd, 1497年2月16日 – 1560年4月19日)は、ドイツの人文主義者、キリスト教神学者。ルター派。 ルターの宗教改革において、ルターの思想の体系化に尽力。プロテスタント正統の基礎を築いたという面でカルヴァンと並び称される。 (ja) Philipp Melanchthon (Bretten (de Palts), 16 februari 1497 – Wittenberg (Saksen), 19 april 1560) was een Duits filosoof en theoloog. Hij was de rechterhand van Maarten Luther en daarmee een belangrijk geestelijke. (nl) Filippo Melantone (in tedesco Philipp Melanchthon, in latino: Philippus Melanchthon, nato Philipp Schwarzerdt; Bretten, 16 febbraio 1497 – Wittenberg, 19 aprile 1560) è stato un umanista, teologo e astrologo tedesco, amico personale di Martin Lutero e uno dei maggiori protagonisti della Riforma protestante.È inoltre noto per aver contribuito, in pieno rinascimento europeo, a porre le fondamenta della moderna psicologia. (it) Filip Melanchton (właściwie Philipp Schwartzerd ur. 16 lutego 1497 w Bretten, zm. 19 kwietnia 1560 w Wittenberdze) – reformator religijny, najbliższy współpracownik Marcina Lutra, współtwórca reformacji, profesor Uniwersytetu w Wittenberdze. W Niemczech zreorganizował szkolnictwo i wprowadził szkołę humanistyczną, która stała się wzorcem dla szkół na Śląsku i Pomorzu. Autor Wyznania augsburskiego, podstawowej księgi wyznaniowej luteranizmu. (pl) Filipe Melâncton (em alemão: Philipp Melanchthon; Bretten, 16 de fevereiro de 1497 — Vitemberga, 19 de abril de 1560) foi um reformador, astrólogo e astrônomo alemão. Colaborador de Lutero, redigiu a “Confissão de Augsburgo” (1530) e converteu-se no principal líder do luteranismo após a morte de Lutero. (pt) Philipp Melanchthon (försvenskad stavning, främst i äldre texter, Filip Melankton), ursprungligen Philipp Schwarzerd, född 16 februari 1497 i Bretten, död 19 april 1560 i Wittenberg, var en tysk teolog, humanist och reformator. Melanchthon var Martin Luthers främste medarbetare. (sv) Фи́липп Мела́нхтон (нем. Philipp Melanchthon; 16 февраля 1497, Бреттен (ныне — федеральная земля Баден-Вюртемберг) — 19 апреля 1560, Виттенберг (ныне — федеральная земля Саксония-Анхальт) — немецкий гуманист, теолог и педагог, евангелический реформатор, систематизатор лютеранской теологии, сподвижник Лютера. (ru) 腓力·墨蘭頓(Philipp Melanchthon,或譯作菲利普·梅兰希通,1497年2月16日-1560年4月19日),為著名的早期基督新教信義宗神學家,是第一個將信義宗神學系統化的人。是德国语言学家、哲学家、人类学家、神学家、教科书作家和新拉丁语诗人,被譽為“德国的老師”(Praeceptor Germaniae),他與馬丁·路德是最好的朋友與同志,是德意志宗教改革乃至全歐洲的宗教改革中,除馬丁·路德外的另一个重要人物。 (zh) Філіпп Меланхтон (нім. Philipp Melanchthon, 16 лютого 1497, Бреттен (нині — федеральна земля Баден-Вюртемберг) — 19 квітня 1560, Віттенберг (нині — федеральна земля Саксонія-Ангальт) — німецький гуманіст, теолог і педагог, євангелічний реформатор, систематизатор лютеранської теології, сподвижник Мартіна Лютера. (uk) |
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rdfs:comment | Philipp Melanchthon (pořečtěná forma příjmení Schwarzerdt, 16. února 1497 Bretten – 19. dubna 1560 Wittenberg) byl humanistický učenec, reformační teolog, vysokoškolský pedagog, poradce a přítel Martina Luthera. Ve své teologické pozici se snažil hledat konsenzus mezi jednotlivými reformačními myšlenkovými proudy. Zasloužil se o reformu evangelického církevního systému a německého školství. (cs) فيليب ملانكتون (بالألمانية: Philipp Melanchton) (بريتن، 16 فبراير 1497 - فيتنبيرغ، 19 أبريل 1560) إنساني ولاهوتي ألماني، صديق شخصي لمارتن لوثر وأحد أبرز شخصيات الإصلاح البروتستانتي. (ar) Ο Φίλιππος Μελάγχθων (Philipp Melanchthon), (πραγματικό όνομα: Φίλιππ Σβάρτσερδτ - Philipp Schwartzerdt, 16 Φεβρουαρίου 1497 - 19 Απριλίου 1560), ήταν Γερμανός λόγιος, καθηγητής ελληνικών, θεολογίας, ηγέτης της Λουθηρανικής εκκλησιαστικής Μεταρρύθμισης, φίλος και συνεργάτης του Μαρτίνου Λούθηρου. (el) Filipo Melanktono resp. Filipo Melanĥtono (germane Philipp Melanchthon. laŭnaske Philipp Schwartzerd; naskiĝis la 16-an de februaro 1497, mortis la 19-an de aprilo 1560) estis germana profesoro kaj teologo, gravulo en la Protestanta Reformacio, grava estro de la Lutera Reformacio, kaj amiko kaj partnero de Marteno Lutero. (eo) Felipe Melanchthon (en alemán: Philipp Melanchthon) (Bretten, 16 de febrero de 1497 - Wittenberg, 19 de abril de 1560) fue un reformador religioso y erudito alemán. (es) Philippe Mélanchthon est la forme francisée en usage dès le XVIe siècle du nom de l'érudit humaniste, philosophe et réformateur protestant allemand Philipp Melanchton (1497-1560), en latin Philippus Melanchthon, en grec Φίλιππος Μελάγχθων transcription ou interprétation approximative de son patronyme allemand Philipp Schwarzert. Docteur en théologie, professeur à l'université, disciple de Martin Luther, Mélanchthon est surtout connu pour avoir rédigé, en 1530, la Confession d'Augsbourg. Il est en outre le créateur du terme psychologie, forgé à partir du grec. (fr) 필리프 멜란히톤(독일어: Philipp Melanchthon, 독일어 발음: [meˈlançtɔn], 본성: 슈바르체르트·Schwartzerdt, 1497년 2월 16일 ~ 1560년 4월 19일 비텐베르크)은 독일의 신학자이자 종교개혁가이다. 루터의 종교 개혁 운동의 동료로서 종교개혁운동을 통한 복음주의의 확립을 위하여 투쟁하였다. 1519년 루터와 함께 라이프치히 논쟁에도 참석하였다. 비텐베르크 대학의 교수로 있으면서 개신교 신학의 기초를 세우는 데 노력하였다. 신학자들의 신학적 차이를 화해시키는 관용적 인물로 종교개혁 신학의 발전에 큰 기여를 하였다. 저서로는 《신학 강요》, 《아우크스부르크 신앙 고백》 등이 있다. (ko) フィリップ・メランヒトン(Philipp Melanchthon, 出生名:Philipp Schwartzerd, 1497年2月16日 – 1560年4月19日)は、ドイツの人文主義者、キリスト教神学者。ルター派。 ルターの宗教改革において、ルターの思想の体系化に尽力。プロテスタント正統の基礎を築いたという面でカルヴァンと並び称される。 (ja) Philipp Melanchthon (Bretten (de Palts), 16 februari 1497 – Wittenberg (Saksen), 19 april 1560) was een Duits filosoof en theoloog. Hij was de rechterhand van Maarten Luther en daarmee een belangrijk geestelijke. (nl) Filippo Melantone (in tedesco Philipp Melanchthon, in latino: Philippus Melanchthon, nato Philipp Schwarzerdt; Bretten, 16 febbraio 1497 – Wittenberg, 19 aprile 1560) è stato un umanista, teologo e astrologo tedesco, amico personale di Martin Lutero e uno dei maggiori protagonisti della Riforma protestante.È inoltre noto per aver contribuito, in pieno rinascimento europeo, a porre le fondamenta della moderna psicologia. (it) Filip Melanchton (właściwie Philipp Schwartzerd ur. 16 lutego 1497 w Bretten, zm. 19 kwietnia 1560 w Wittenberdze) – reformator religijny, najbliższy współpracownik Marcina Lutra, współtwórca reformacji, profesor Uniwersytetu w Wittenberdze. W Niemczech zreorganizował szkolnictwo i wprowadził szkołę humanistyczną, która stała się wzorcem dla szkół na Śląsku i Pomorzu. Autor Wyznania augsburskiego, podstawowej księgi wyznaniowej luteranizmu. (pl) Filipe Melâncton (em alemão: Philipp Melanchthon; Bretten, 16 de fevereiro de 1497 — Vitemberga, 19 de abril de 1560) foi um reformador, astrólogo e astrônomo alemão. Colaborador de Lutero, redigiu a “Confissão de Augsburgo” (1530) e converteu-se no principal líder do luteranismo após a morte de Lutero. (pt) Philipp Melanchthon (försvenskad stavning, främst i äldre texter, Filip Melankton), ursprungligen Philipp Schwarzerd, född 16 februari 1497 i Bretten, död 19 april 1560 i Wittenberg, var en tysk teolog, humanist och reformator. Melanchthon var Martin Luthers främste medarbetare. (sv) Фи́липп Мела́нхтон (нем. Philipp Melanchthon; 16 февраля 1497, Бреттен (ныне — федеральная земля Баден-Вюртемберг) — 19 апреля 1560, Виттенберг (ныне — федеральная земля Саксония-Анхальт) — немецкий гуманист, теолог и педагог, евангелический реформатор, систематизатор лютеранской теологии, сподвижник Лютера. (ru) 腓力·墨蘭頓(Philipp Melanchthon,或譯作菲利普·梅兰希通,1497年2月16日-1560年4月19日),為著名的早期基督新教信義宗神學家,是第一個將信義宗神學系統化的人。是德国语言学家、哲学家、人类学家、神学家、教科书作家和新拉丁语诗人,被譽為“德国的老師”(Praeceptor Germaniae),他與馬丁·路德是最好的朋友與同志,是德意志宗教改革乃至全歐洲的宗教改革中,除馬丁·路德外的另一个重要人物。 (zh) Філіпп Меланхтон (нім. Philipp Melanchthon, 16 лютого 1497, Бреттен (нині — федеральна земля Баден-Вюртемберг) — 19 квітня 1560, Віттенберг (нині — федеральна земля Саксонія-Ангальт) — німецький гуманіст, теолог і педагог, євангелічний реформатор, систематизатор лютеранської теології, сподвижник Мартіна Лютера. (uk) Philipp Melanchthon, (nom hel·lenitzat de Philipp Schwartzerdt) (16 de febrer 1497 — 19 d'abril del 1560) fou un professor i teòleg alemany seguidor, amic i sistematitzador de Luter que va tenir un paper clau a la Reforma Luterana i va esdevenir el líder del luteranisme després de la mort de Luter. Era el fill gran d'una família benestant. Són pare Georg era un armer, que va morir després d'una llarga malaltia quan Philipp tenia onze anys. Aquesta mort prematura i sobretot la convicció religiosa del seu pare en l'adversitat van marcar molt el jove Philipp. (ca) Philipp Melanchthon (eigentlich Philipp Schwartzerdt; * 16. Februar 1497 in Bretten; † 19. April 1560 in Wittenberg) war neben Martin Luther der wichtigste kirchenpolitische Akteur und theologische Autor der Wittenberger Reformation. (de) Philipp Melanchthon, jaiotza-izena Philipp Schawarzerd alemaniar teologoa eta Erreforma Protestantearen lider intelektuala izan zen. (eu) Philip Melanchthon (born Philipp Schwartzerdt; 16 February 1497 – 19 April 1560) was a German Lutheran reformer, collaborator with Martin Luther, the first systematic theologian of the Protestant Reformation, intellectual leader of the Lutheran Reformation, and an influential designer of educational systems. He stands next to Luther and John Calvin as a reformer, theologian, and shaper of Protestantism. (en) Philipp Melanchthon (Philipp Schwartzerdt atau Philippus Melanchthon; 17 Februari 1497 – 19 April 1560) adalah seorang profesor dan teolog dari Jerman, dan berperan penting dalam Reformasi Protestan. Martin Luther mengasaskan ajarannya sendiri dengan rekannya Philip Melanchton sebelum meninggal pada tahun 1546. Melanchthon dianggap sebagai teolog sistematika pertama dalam Reformasi Protestan, pemimpin intelektual dalam Reformasi Lutheran, dan perencana yang berpengaruh dalam sistem pendidikan. Bersama Luther dan Calvin, ia diakui sebagai reformator, teolog, dan pembentuk Protestantisme. Luther dan Melanchthon merupakan pendiri utama gerakan Lutheranisme. Mereka menolak kultus berlebihan para santo, pengampunan karena perbuatan, dan pemaksaan nurani dalam sakramen pertobatan oleh Gereja Kat (in) |
rdfs:label | فيليب ملانكتون (ar) Philipp Melanchthon (ca) Philipp Melanchthon (cs) Philipp Melanchthon (de) Φίλιππος Μελάγχθων (el) Filipo Melanktono (eo) Felipe Melanchthon (es) Philipp Melanchthon (eu) Philippe Mélanchthon (fr) Philipp Melanchthon (in) Filippo Melantone (it) フィリップ・メランヒトン (ja) 필리프 멜란히톤 (ko) Philip Melanchthon (en) Philipp Melanchthon (nl) Filip Melanchton (pl) Filipe Melâncton (pt) Меланхтон, Филипп (ru) Philipp Melanchthon (sv) Філіпп Меланхтон (uk) 腓力·墨蘭頓 (zh) |
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