Beneficiaries Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

CHAPTER 8 Economic Reforms, Growth, and Governance: The Political Economy Aspects of Bangladesh's Development Surprise Wahiduddin Mahmud, Sadiq Ahmed, and Sandeep Mahajan Bangladesh emerged from its war of independence desperately... more

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- Development Economics, Developing Countries, Agriculture, Economic Development

We all want to build something that matters. From the Advisory Services perspective, no matter the business line, it's about helping meaningful players accomplish sustainable results. However, entering a continent with a new product is something that can be extremely challenging. This SmartLesson tells of a project that-against all odds-installed the first online collateral registry in Africa, designed in line with international best practices and following principles established by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law.

- by Isabel Caruana
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- Information Technology, International Trade, Multimedia, Video

This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.

- by Caterina Ruggeri Laderchi
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- Accounting, Biomass, Alternative Energy, Approach

All rights reserved June 2009 The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The World Bank Group encourages dissemination... more

- by Scott Jacobs
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- Business, Entrepreneurship, Human Rights, Corporate Governance

Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 17 16 15 14 World Bank Studies are published to communicate the results of the Bank's work to the development community with the least possible delay. The manuscript of this paper therefore has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formally edited texts. This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.

- by Tina Soreide
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- Criminal Law, Criminal Justice, Accounting, Foreign Direct Investment

A commodity exchange is a goods and financial market where different groups of participants trade commodities and commodity-linked contracts, with the underlying objective of transferring exposure to commodity price risks (UNCTAD). A commodity exchange that only trades goods is known as a physical or 'cash or forward' market, while the exchange that trades price derivatives is known as financial or 'futures and options' market (see Glossary for detailed definitions). Some agriculture commodity exchanges have both. Agricultural commodity exchanges date as far back as the early 18th century. Modern exchanges, notably the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) was created in 1848, recently merged with the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME), is one the oldest and most successful futures exchanges worldwide. Today several agricultural commodity exchanges exist throughout the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region. They facilitate trade and financial products in countries whose ec...

- by Diego Arias
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- Business, Arbitration, Developing Countries, Agriculture

Tous droits réservés Fait aux États-Unis d' Amérique Premier tirage : 2010 Cet ouvrage est l'oeuvre des services de la Banque internationale pour la reconstruction et le développement/Banque mondiale. Les observations, interprétations et conclusions qui y sont exprimées ne reflètent pas nécessairement les vues du Conseil des administrateurs de la Banque mondiale, ni des pays qu'ils représentent. La Banque mondiale ne garantit pas l'exactitude des données présentées dans cette publication. Les frontières, les couleurs, les dénominations et toute autre information figurant sur les cartes du présent ouvrage n'impliquent de la part de la Banque mondiale aucun jugement quant au statut juridique d'un territoire quelconque et ne signifient nullement que la Banque reconnaît ou accepte ces frontières. Droits et licences Le contenu de cette publication fait l'objet d'un dépôt légal. La reproduction ou la transmission d'une partie ou de l'intégralité de la présente publication peut constituer une violation de la loi applicable. La Banque internationale pour la reconstruction et le développement/Banque mondiale encourage la diffusion de ses études et, normalement, accorde sans délai l'autorisation d'en reproduire des passages. Pour obtenir l'autorisation de reproduire ou de réimprimer toute partie de cette publication, veuillez adresser votre demande, en fournissant tous les renseignements nécessaires, par courrier postal,

- by Jorge Arbache
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- Health Care, Economic Growth, Justice, Economic Development

Pension and social insurance programs that prevent a substantial loss in consumption resulting from old age, disability, or death are an integral part of any social protection system. The dual objectives of such programs are to allow for the prevention of a sharp decline in income when these life-cycle events take place and protection against poverty in old age. This background paper reviews the World Bank's conceptual framework for the analysis of pension programs and defines the major challenges facing low and middle income countries, namely, coverage, adequacy and sustainability. The paper proposes a broad, forward-looking strategy to help address these challenges.

- by Mark Dorfman
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- Business, Health Care, Fertility, Developing Countries

All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America September 2008 This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly.

- by Helene Kyed
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- International Development, Human Rights, Community Development, Democratization

Papers in the Action Learning Program Dissemination Series are not formal publications of the World Bank. They are published informally by the Participation and Civic Engagement Group in the Social Development Department and circulated to... more

- by Pramesh Shah
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- Nutrition, Accounting, Health Care, Policy Analysis

This performance report presents the results of the assessment of the public financial management (PFM) system in Mali which was conducted on the basis of the "Performance Measurement Framework" adopted in the context of the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability partnership. It results from the dialogue between the Government of Mali and its donors in the PFM area. The main objective of preparing this PFM performance report (PFM PR) is to establish the baseline and build a common pool of information which can be used by both the Government and other stakeholders to monitor progress in improving the PFM system in Mali in the near future. In particular, it aims at putting in place a framework to measure and evaluate the impact of the implementation of the Government's Action Plan to Strengthen Public Financial Management (PAGAM/GFP) which was adopted in 2005. This PFM PR constitutes Volume II of the Public Expenditure Management and Financial Accountability Review (PEMFAR), which is being finalized. 2. The active participation of the Government of Mali in the preparation of the report is gratefully acknowledged. It has benefited from the guidance of H.E. Abou Bacar Touré, Minister of Finance, and the involvement of Mr. Sambou Wague, Secretary General of the Ministry of Finance, the General and National Directors and staff from the Ministry of Finance and other government entities and civil society organizations. 3. The preparation of this report results from a productive coordination with the donors led by the Government of Mali. It is also an example of a concerted effort within the donor's working group dealing with PFM and budget support issues. Against this background, the Government of Mali led the process with the support of the Swedish International Development Agency which financed a sensitization workshop held in September 2006. In addition, it coordinated with the Delegation of the European Union the financing of the team of consultants. The World Bank coordinated the exercise in close coordination with the Ministry of Finance and the PEFA focal point (Mme Zamilatou Sidibé, Technical Advisor). 4. The report was prepared by Mr. Ali Achour (international consultant, mission chief), Mme Mary Betley (international consultant) and Oumar Mallé (local consultant). The field work took place in November 2006, after the September 2006 sensitization workshop which was facilitated by Mr. Giovanni Caprio (international consultant). The report was validated in a workshop held in January 2007 and finalized after consultations that took place during February-May 2007. The report benefits from comments provided by the Malian authorities and donors, including the PEFA Secretariat. The Government of Mali has agreed to the disclosure of this report in October 2007. 5. The World Bank team that coordinated the preparation of this report involved Mr. Abdoulaye Konaté (Task Team Leader), Mr. Marcelo Andrade (Co-Task Team Leader, Senior Economist, AFTP4), Mr. Alain Catalan (former Financial Management Specialist, AFTFM), and Mr. Cheick Traoré (Senior Procurement Specialist). Logistical support was provided by Judite Fernandes (AFTP4) and Safiatou Dicko Ba (AFMML). Mr. Michel Lazare (Fiscal Affairs Department, IMF) and Mr. Abdoul Aziz Wane (Resident Representative, Mali) provided comments from the IMF. With regards to donors, technical discussions benefited from the involvement of Mmes Ulrika Broback and Camilla Bengtsson (Swedish Cooperation), Mr.

- by Ali Achour
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- Accounting, Economic policy, Decentralization, Financial System
- by Oumar DIOUF
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- Climate Change, Economic Growth, Economic Development, Cooperatives
- by Serap Gonulal
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- Accounting, Developing Countries, Financial Services, General Insurance

The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.

- by Habib Ahmed
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- Accounting, Capital Markets, Developing Countries, Economic Development

World Bank Working Papers are published to communicate the results of the Bank's work to the development community with the least possible delay. The manuscript of this paper therefore has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formally-edited texts. Some sources cited in this paper may be informal documents that are not readily available. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank of the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission promptly to reproduce portions of the work.

- by Adriaan Verspoor
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- Community Development, Accounting, Economic Growth, Developing Countries

The objective of Bagre Growth Pole project is to support Burkina Faso Government by developing Bagre as a functional growth point under agro-business impulse. Bagre Growth Pole is a project which targets agricultural and pasture productivity increase, but there are environmental and social risks related to agricultural activities intensification, irrigation and lowlands exploitation, pasture activities, fishing, along with post-production operations (storage, conservation, products transformation / promotion. The Environmental and social Management Framework Plan will help identify these risks linked with project varied interventions in target production systems, but also allow a definition of mitigation measures to be implemented during project execution. Bagre major environmental and social risks factors are : ( i ) influence of lake waters quality on fishing development; (ii ) demographical pressure in the area can cause: risks of wet areas deterioration, along with lake banks an...

- by mohamadou Lamine Faye
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- Climate Change, Economic Growth, Economic Development, Cooperatives
- by Nadja M Alexander
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- Intellectual Property, Human Rights, Business Law, Commercial Law

Employment creation is a key area where the private sector can contribute to poverty reduction. The objectives of this study are to gain some general insights into the channels where the private sector contributes to job creation, value-added, and poverty reduction, and more specifically to quantify the impacts that can be attributed to International Finance Corporation's (IFC's) activities in Ghana. Unlike many African economies that depend heavily upon a single commodity, Ghana remains relatively well diversified between agriculture, industry, commodities, and services. Ghana's economy continues to revolve around agriculture, which employs 85 percent of the workforce but only contributes about 30 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The government and other stakeholders must continue to develop policies and programs that ensure productivity gains in the agricultural sector, but from a development point of view it is also crucial to create jobs in other sectors to e...

- by Rene Kim
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- Business, Community Development, Accounting, Corporate Governance

The objective of this strategic framework is to mainstream citizen engagement in World Bank Group-supported policies, programs, projects, and advisory services and analytics to improve their development results and within the scope of these operations, contribute to building sustainable national systems for citizen engagement with governments and the private sector. Progress toward this objective will be assessed using indicators included in program, project, and corporate results frameworks.

- by Harika Masud
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- Human Rights, Community Development, Focus Groups, Economic Growth

Conclusion 62 The Role of the World Bank in Strengthening Governance.

- by Frances Seymour
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- Climate Change, Economic Growth, Environmental Management, Economic policy

This study investigates an attempt to economically and socially empower some of the poorest and most vulnerable young women in one of the poorest and most fragile places in the world: northern Uganda. Investing in women is said to be a key to development. Educate her, buy her a cow or goat, or help her start a business and great things will follow: sustained increases in income, greater empowerment and social inclusion, health and education for the children, and (especially in war-affected regions) mental health and happiness. This report provides provisional answers to these questions based on data collected from April 2009 to August 2012. The questions will continue to be explored and analyzed in academic papers in future, but the authors attempt to draw out the key findings and policy lessons as close to the end of the intervention and data collection as possible.

- by Julian Jamison
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- Economics, Depression, Housing, Agriculture

Conclusion 62 The Role of the World Bank in Strengthening Governance.

- by mamadou lamine diedhiou
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- Climate Change, Economic Growth, Economic Development, Cooperatives

BRAC/RED publishes research reports, scientific papers, monographs, working papers, research compendium in Bangla (Nirjash), proceedings, manuals, and other publications on subjects relating to poverty, social development, health,... more

- by Imran Hossain
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- Microfinance, Innovations, Financial Market, Sustainability
- by Ray Rist
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- Data Analysis, Health Care, Economic Growth, Impact Evaluation

Main Pension System Parameters, Republic of Srpska Contents xix The papers and country statements in this volume were prepared for the conference "International Forum on Pension Reform: Exploring the Link to Labor and Financial Market Reforms," held in Bled, Slovenia, June 7-9, 2007. The contributions have since been revised and updated. The conference was an initiative of the Center of Excellence in Finance (CEF) and was organized in close cooperation with Robert Holzmann of the World Bank and with Slovenian experts. Among the more than 140 presenters and participants were senior government officials from ministries of finance, ministries of labor and social affairs, and central banks in Southeastern Europe who presented country statements on vision and progress in pension, labor, and financial sector reforms. Other invited experts explored the reform needs of pension systems, labor markets, and financial markets and exchanged country-specific experiences. Pension reform is at the center of public debate in many countries around the world. Given the importance of its social and macroeconomic implications, it confronts policy makers, practitioners, and academia with challenging questions. The diverse reform needs of pension systems in aging societies, which are further stressed by the pressures of globalization, require parallel Preface xxi xxii Preface the conference and in the preparation of this volume. Neither would have come about without his valuable inputs. Among Slovenian contributing experts, we especially thank Dušan Kidrič from the Institute of Macroeconomic Analysis and Development, Gonzalo Caprirolo from the Ministry of Finance, and Damjan Kozamernik from the Bank of Slovenia for their advice on preparation of the conference. We extend our thanks to the panelists from ministries of finance, central banks, and ministries of labor in the CEF member countries who accepted the invitation to share their valuable views with others. We are also grateful to the presenters, supported by their institutions, who shared their views and country cases with the conference. Most of the panelists and presenters responded to our request to submit written statements and background papers for this publication in order to add to the research work on the topic of pension reform combined with labor market and financial market reform. We are grateful to Landis MacKellar of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Vienna, who transformed these statements and background papers into a manuscript. Book design, editing, and production were coordinated by the World Bank's Office of the Publisher. Nancy Levine edited the manuscript.

- by Landis MacKellar
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- Financial Systems, Capital Markets, Asset Allocation, Financial Markets

Document of The World Bank AICTE All India Council for Technical Education (within the MHRD portfolio) AITT All India Trade Test (administered under DGET) ATI Advanced Training Institute (within the DGET portfolio) AVI Accredited Vocational Institutes(s) (administered under NIOS) BAT Board(s) of Apprenticeship Training (administered under MHRD) BTC Basic Training Center(s) (administered under DGET) CABE Central Advisory Board for Education (within the MHRD portfolio) CAC Central Apprenticeship Council (within the DGET portfolio) CAPART Council for Advancement of People's Action and Rural Technology (within the portfolio of the Ministry for Rural Development) CBSE Central Board for Secondary Education (within the MHRD portfolio) CII Confederation of Indian Industry COBSE Council of Boards of School Education (in India) COEs Centers of Excellence (under establishment in ITIs with funding from the central and state governments) CP Community Polytechnic(s) (within the MHRD portfolio) CSS Centrally Supported Scheme(s)

- by Amit Dar
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- Information Technology, Higher Education, Human Development, Accreditation

(Consultant), and Molly Schmalzbach (Consultant). Fiona Mackintosh provided valuable editing support. Ana Lukau, Lucie muchekehu, and Gaamangwe thato thipe provided valuable assistance with document processing and logistical support. The team would like to thank the government officials working on social protection programs for their help as well as the partners and other stakeholders that are supporting the strengthening of the social protection system. The team would particularly like to thank

- by Lillian Mookodi
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- Rural, Coping Strategies, Economic Growth, Human Development

This work is a product of the staff of the World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.

- by Elena Bardasi
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- Political Economy, Nutrition, Human Rights, Housing

The study draws on detailed reviews of the pay and employment aspects of three of the most durable and successful civil service reforms in Africa, all undertaken in a structural adjustment context: Ghana, the Gambia and Guinea. The institutional components of the three reform programs focus on reorganizing and strengthening the central personnel agency and on strengthening payroll management. Components included the development of improved personnel information systems (all three), the creation of a unified cadre of personnel officers and their training (all three), the establishment or strengthening of manpower planning, budgeting and control capabilities (all three), and the development of management services such as job inspections and management reviews (Ghana and The Gambia). All three programs also included the development of training policies and the strengthening of training delivery capacities throughout the civil service. Efforts to improve payroll management, as well as t...

- by Louis de Merode
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- Business, Economic Growth, Housing, Economic policy
- by Roy Bahl
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- Accounting, Housing, Developing Countries, Public sector

In a recent report on middle-income countries, Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) found that countries and the World Bank Group have been relatively effective in the overarching priority of promoting growth and reducing poverty, but not... more

- by Vinod Thomas
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- Business, Air Quality, Climate Change, Accounting
- by Pedro Olinto
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- Climate Change, Coping Strategies, Community Development, Accounting

ESMFP measures' global cost is estimated 1000 000 000 Fcfa including technical costs (eventual ESIS realization with ESMP in case of under-project classification in "A" or "B"category, needing a complementary environmental assessment: provision for ESMP implementation: Drafting of a good agricultural practice guide. Setting up of an environmental and social data base in rural development sector; Agricultural activities vulnerability elimination measures; Actors training and awareness; Project activities Monitoring/Assessment costs; Capacities enhancement costs, in terms of actors training and awareness costs.

- by mohamadou Lamine Faye
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- Climate Change, Economic Growth, Cooperatives, Competitive advantage
- by VIJDAN KORMAN
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- Business, Climate Change, Economic Growth, Capital Markets

All rights reserved This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly.

- by Carolina P Austria
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- Business, Community Development, Economic Growth, Developing Countries

The Network of Networks for Impact Evaluation (NONIE) was established in 2006 to foster more and better impact evaluations by its membership, the evaluation networks of bilateral and multilateral organizations focusing on development issues, as well as networks of developing country evaluators. NONIE's member networks conduct a broad set of evaluations, examining issues such as project and strategy performance, institutional development, and aid effectiveness. But the focus of NONIE is narrower. By sharing methodological approaches and promoting learning by doing on impact evaluations, NONIE aims to promote the use of this more specific approach by its members within their larger portfolio of evaluations. This document, by Frans Leeuw and Jos Vaessen, has been developed to support this focus.

- by FRANS LEEUW
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- Business, Methodology, Data Analysis, Political Science

This paper looks at the experiences of various Asian countries in expanding the coverage of the pension system to informal sector workers. The paper argues that given aging and growing informality, a rapid forward-looking response from governments in the region is necessary to provide protection against the risk of poverty in old age. This risk is particularly acute in the case of informal sector workers, as is the difficulty of reaching them through traditional formal-sector pension approaches. From the analysis of various case studies the paper concludes that expanding coverage to informal sector workers through mandatory systems is unlikely to work. Alternative, voluntary arrangements are need. However, because informal sector workers tend to have lower savings capacity and high discount rates, targeted subsidies might be required to encourage enrollment. The paper discusses some of the issues related to the design of these programs-including those related to administration and the collection of contributions. In all cases, the paper emphasizes the need to resolve difficult tradeoffs between these transfers to prevent poverty during old-age and expenditures in other social programs.

- by Landis MacKellar
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- Accounting, Capital Markets, Fertility, Economic Development
- by Edgardo Mosqueira
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- Focus Groups, Social Capital, Human Development, Empowerment

This project/report has been supported by: (i) the Multi-donor Trust Fund Labour Markets, Job Creation, and Economic Growth through funding from the German, Norwegian, Austrian, and Korean governments, (ii) the donors of the TFESSD fund at the World Bank, and (iii) the Belgian Poverty Reduction Partnership Program. The project was commissioned by the World Bank. Disclaimer The findings, interpretations and conclusions reached in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent.

- by Pamela Abbott
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- Business, Entrepreneurship, Community Development, Economic Growth

This note was prepared by Warren A. Van Wicklin III, of the World Bank's Social Development Department (SDV), as part of the effort by SDV's Social Accountability and Demand for Good Governance team and OPCS's GAC-in-Projects team to provide guidance on ways to improve governance and accountability in Bank operations. Zach Neumann (OPCS) conducted the review of recent Operation Risk Assessment Frameworks (ORAFs). Sanjay Agarwal and Hélène Grandvoinnet (SDV) provided overall guidance for the review and this note, as well as extensive comments and guidance on earlier drafts. The author is grateful to peer reviewers

- by Warren A Van Wicklin
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- Business, Ethics, Accounting, Auditing

- by Miriam Bruhn
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- Adult Education, Health Education, Education Policy, Curriculum

All rights reserved 1 2 3 4 10 09 08 07 The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. Latin American Development Forum Series This series was created in 2003 to promote debate, disseminate information and analysis, and convey the excitement and complexity of the most topical issues in economic and social development in Latin America and the Caribbean. It is sponsored by the Inter-American Development Bank, the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, and the World Bank. The manuscripts chosen for publication represent the highest quality in each institution's research and activity output and have been selected for their relevance to the academic community, policy makers, researchers, and interested readers.

- by Rodrigo Suescun
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- Accounting, Education System, Capital Expenditures, Allocation

This note provides guidance on how the social safety net, nutrition, health, and education sectors should respond to rising food prices. For addtonal n-depth nformaton on ths topc, whch s dscussed n summary format n ths report, refer to... more

- by Margaret Grosh
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- Climate Change, Coping Strategies, Human Development, Food Production
- by Amit Dar
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- Developing Countries, Resources, Incentives, Financing
- by Jorge Donis
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- Business, Economics, Accounting, Economic Development
- by Sudhir Rajkumar
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- Accounting, Financial Markets, Fund Management, Derivatives