Chinese minorities Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

[From the introduction]. The Reb gong Vale is a densely populated high-altitude agricultural oasis that runs north-to-south for approximately twenty kilometers through the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, surrounded by barren pastoral... more

[From the introduction].
The Reb gong Vale is a densely populated high-altitude agricultural oasis that runs north-to-south for approximately twenty kilometers through the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, surrounded by barren pastoral hills that rise to rocky snow-capped peaks. The majority of the vale's residents self-identify as Tibetan, but this population contains considerable diversity along religious, sectarian, and linguistic lines. We explore how the linguistic diversity of the region might have been maintained despite communities sharing a common identity, being engaged in inter-communal ritual networks, sharing common trade and pilgrimage sites, and living in close proximity in the absence of geographical barriers. Given their contiguity and interconnectedness, what enabled certain communities to remain distinct from nearby populations? Under such circumstances, how did relatively small communities maintain distinct languages? What prevented them from being linguistically assimilated into the Tibetan population?

Back cover text: Real Social Science presents a new, hands-on approach to social inquiry. The theoretical and methodological ideas behind the book, inspired by Aristotelian phronesis, represent an original perspective within the social... more

Back cover text: Real Social Science presents a new, hands-on approach to social inquiry. The theoretical and methodological ideas behind the book, inspired by Aristotelian phronesis, represent an original perspective within the social sciences, and this volume gives readers for the first time a set of studies exemplifying what applied phronesis looks like in practice. The reflexive analysis of values and power gives new meaning to the impact of research on policy and practice. Real Social Science is a major step forward in a novel and thriving field of research. This book will benefit scholars, researchers, and students who want to make a difference in practice, not just in the academy. Its message will make it essential reading for students and academics across the social sciences.

魏明德 (Benoit Vermander)，《從羊圈小村到地球村——涼山彝族的生活與傳說》，人籟論辨月刊第12期，2005年1月，196頁。

The dichotomy between China’s claim to respect, protect and promote Tibetan culture in the education system and its actual practice of alienating Tibetans from their linguistic and cultural heritage and identity through a vigorous... more

The dichotomy between China’s claim to respect, protect and promote Tibetan culture in the education system and its actual practice of alienating Tibetans from their linguistic and cultural heritage and identity through a vigorous imposition of Chinese curricula under its Han-Chinese nationalist agenda has only resulted in a failure to achieve the kind of domination it seeks over the Tibetan people.

The Chinese provinces are a crazy patchwork quilt of languages and dialects, where the histories of migrations and cultural enclaves, the tides of influence from empire and commerce, the sperm trails that follow rivers and railway lines... more

The Chinese provinces are a crazy patchwork quilt of languages and dialects, where the histories of migrations and cultural enclaves, the tides of influence from empire and commerce, the sperm trails that follow rivers and railway lines ... are recorded in a tangle of codes that no one has yet made a serious attempt to untangle. Note that these comments are obviously informal, not a part of systematic research. Chinese scholars themselves are now (2013) taking a much more thorough interest in dialects than was the case even in 2000.

In this edited volume, the contributors provide a unique, panoramic view of the complex relationship between English(es), English language teaching, and localized linguistic and cultural practices. Each chapter presents vivid and... more

In this edited volume, the contributors provide a unique, panoramic view of the complex relationship between English(es), English language teaching, and localized linguistic and cultural practices. Each chapter presents vivid and well-researched examples of policies and practices and reflects not only diverse geographies but also a wide range of educational TESOL settings, including higher education, primary and secondary education, and teacher education. The book takes a global perspective in support of a mandate for conceptualizing English as integral to the process of becoming multilingual yet also outlines the economic, ideological, and policy implementation challenges to construct and enact multilingually oriented policies. The book provides not only a comprehensive reference for those interested in learning more about educational language policy but also serves as a blue print for change agents who seek to move toward more just educational systems for all language learners."

Phronetic organizational research is an approach to the study of management and organizations focusing on ethics and power. It is based on a contemporary interpretation of the Aristotelian concept phronesis, usually as ‘prudence’.... more

Phronetic organizational research is an approach to the study of management and organizations focusing on ethics and power. It is based on a contemporary interpretation of the Aristotelian concept phronesis, usually as ‘prudence’. Phronesis is the ability to think and act in relation to values, to deliberate about ‘things that are good or bad for humans’ in the words of Aristotle (1976:1140a24–b12). Phronetic organizational research effectively provides answers to the following four value-rational questions, for specific problematics in management and organization studies: 1. Where are we going with this specific management problematic? 2. Who gains and who loses, and by which mechanisms of power? 3. Is this development desirable? 4. What, if anything, should we do about it?

马克·尚巴尼论证分析传统所谓的“专业”风格并不能确保论证专业，事实上，也不能保证论证者头脑清晰。

This paper focuses on a specific community of individuals who have mixed Southern Chinese and Filipino cultural heritage in the Philippinesthe 'Lannangs'. I investigate the Lannang identity and, with ethnographic interviews and survey... more

This paper focuses on a specific community of individuals who have mixed Southern Chinese and Filipino cultural heritage in the Philippinesthe 'Lannangs'. I investigate the Lannang identity and, with ethnographic interviews and survey data, propose that the identity should be broadly defined as comprising of four dynamic parts: being Filipino, being Chinese, being neither, and being both. Focusing on the Manila community, I show how the Lannangs navigate between these orientations depending on the social context and the interlocutors. Moreover, drawing on the notions of indexicality and simultaneity, I investigate the role of language in the characterization of the Lannang identity. I also show that Hokkien, Lánnanguè, Tagalog, English, among other languages, are being used to embody the aspects of 'Lannang-ness'.

Against the backdrop of China's dynamic social development, this chapter adopts the research perspective of intersectionality to study institutions and discourses that create, sustain and legitimise social inequalities. A special focus is... more

Against the backdrop of China's dynamic social development, this chapter adopts the research perspective of intersectionality to study institutions and discourses that create, sustain and legitimise social inequalities. A special focus is placed on the social categories of class, citizenship and ethnicity and the role of the party-state in their definition and use as markers of difference and identification. Comparing the Mao era to the post-1978 reform period, the chapter brings out the salient role played by the party-state, but also the increased spaces for meaning-making available to social actors in the recent years.

"The emergence of archaeology as an independent discipline during the early 1950s directly resulted in the establishment of three major archaeological journals – Wenwu (1950), Kaogu Xuebao (1951), and Kaogu (1955) – as outlets for... more

"The emergence of archaeology as an independent discipline during the early 1950s directly resulted in the establishment of three major archaeological journals – Wenwu (1950), Kaogu Xuebao (1951), and Kaogu (1955) – as outlets for information gathered in fieldwork; full site reports followed suit. Nowadays, we have roughly three dozen archaeological periodicals and surely more than a thousand monographs covering all areas and periods of Chinese (pre)history at our disposal. Said publications are our primary sources of information. However, the fact that they are anything but primary sources in a strictly methodological sense hardly gets acknowledged.
In reality, excavation reports – preliminary as well as monographs – most often only provide a sample of actual data collected from archaeological sites. Consequently, we are constantly dealing with deliberate choices of editors on what particular information to divulge. This paper shall demonstrate that nature and quality of findings are the main decisive factors in this process. For instance, even looted tombs dating from the Zhanguo and Han periods yielding manuscripts generally take precedence over undisturbed graves discovered at the same cemetery simply because they contained manuscripts. Many conclusions concerning such burials are therefore based on a rather small number of published tombs while the often more representative majority of equally accessible graves remain unnoticed. In short, the paper is aiming to raise awareness for a pressing methodological problem. In doing so, it will address various rationales behind the practice of presenting selective evidence in excavation reports and suggest ways to cope with it."

Twelve Sui folk tales from Sandu Shui Autonomous County, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China. The stories were originally collected, transcribed and edited according to Tangzhou pronunciation by Pan Chiyuan (Sui nationality from... more

Twelve Sui folk tales from Sandu Shui Autonomous County, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China. The stories were originally collected, transcribed and edited according to Tangzhou pronunciation by Pan Chiyuan (Sui nationality from Tangzhou) and Daisy Lai. For the convenience of those learning the standard Sui orthography, Pan Chenglong (Sui nationality from Sandong) and Andy Castro re-transcribed the stories in standard Sandong dialect and added English translations and Sui-Chinese-English interlinearisations. We hope that these materials will prove useful for Sui friends learning to read and write, and for Chinese and foreign scholars.
这些水语口述故事原来是潘池元（水族，塘州人）和赖静如（水语研究员）以塘州音收集、整理、翻译和发表的。为了方便水族和学者学习水语三洞标准音，潘承龙（水族，三洞人）和康蔼德（水语研究员）就把它们改成三洞音，并提供英文翻译和水-汉-英个别单词对照。 希望这些材料有助于学习水语标准拼音的水族朋友和国内外学者！

In un mondo globalizzato come quello odierno dove l'informazione è al centro della vita quotidiana, risultano comunque numerosi i fatti storici e di attualità trascurati dalla stampa internazionale e dai principali organi di informazione.... more

In un mondo globalizzato come quello odierno dove l'informazione è al centro della vita quotidiana, risultano comunque numerosi i fatti storici e di attualità trascurati dalla stampa internazionale e dai principali organi di informazione. E, come spesso è accaduto nella storia dell'uomo, a farne le spese e a non essere ricordate sono proprio quelle minoranze di persone che per un motivo o per un altro sono state sopraffatte dall’élite politica al potere e non tutelati dalla maggioranza etnica residente nell’area geografica limitrofa.

Die Situation in Chinas nordwestlicher Region Xinjiang hat in den letzten Jahren zunehmende internationale Aufmerksamkeit erfahren. Berichte über Masseninternierungen von Uiguren und anderen ethnischen Gruppen in Umerziehungslagern,... more

Die Situation in Chinas nordwestlicher Region Xinjiang hat in den letzten Jahren zunehmende internationale Aufmerksamkeit erfahren. Berichte über Masseninternierungen von Uiguren und anderen ethnischen Gruppen in Umerziehungslagern, Zwangsarbeit, Zwangssterilisation und weitere Menschenrechtsverletzungen beherrschen die Schlagzeilen und belasten die Beziehungen zwischen China und seinen Kritikern. Die chinesische Regierung rechtfertigt ihr Vorgehen hingegen als Kampf gegen Terrorismus, islamistischen Extremismus und ethnischen Separatismus. „Xinjiang – China und die Uiguren“ präsentiert erstmalig in deutscher Sprache eine tiefergehende wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung mit diesem kontroversen Thema. Prägnant und anschaulich führt der erste Teil des Buchs in die komplexe Geschichte der Region ein. Der zweite Teil stellt die Entwicklungen im 21. Jahrhundert dar. Hierbei zeigt sich ein facettenreiches Bild der sozioökonomischen Entwicklung, der ethnischen Identität sowie der Sprach- und Religionspolitik. Der dritte Teil hinterfragt die gängigen Deutungen des Xinjiang-Konflikts, analysiert Proteste und Terrorismus ebenso wie die staatlichen Repressionsmaßnahmen und die internationale Dimension der Auseinandersetzung. Quellennah, basierend auf den Ergebnissen der neuesten Forschung und in einem unaufgeregten Ton vermittelt „Xinjiang – China und die Uiguren“ ein ausgewogenes Bild der aktuellen Konflikte.

This article critically examines how securitization campaigns by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) turn the country’s Muslim minorities into potential threats, while simultaneously seeking to legitimize the CCP’s repressive security... more

This article critically examines how securitization campaigns by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) turn the country’s Muslim minorities into potential threats, while simultaneously seeking to legitimize the CCP’s repressive security practices. Applying securitization theory, the article examines whether there are ethnicity-based differences in the securitization process, particularly between the Hui and Uyghur Muslim minority groups and why such differences exist. In doing so, the article brie y introduces the different Muslim communities within China, as well as the impact of the Chinese government’s Open Door Policy on Chinese Muslim minorities.
The existential security threat perceived and subsequently leveraged by China originates in demands for increased autonomy, more cultural and religious rights, and, in some cases, formal independence from China by its Uyghur population. Sociopolitical unrest in Xinjiang heightens Chinese insecurities and hardens the CCP’s policies toward the Uyghur minority group inside Xinjiang, as well as other Chinese Muslim minorities, specifically the Hui minority predominantly located in Ningxia. There are significant differences in how the state securitizes these two Muslim minority groups, which can be explained with the use of model minorities. In framing its own Muslim minority groups as a security issue, China employs the post-9/11 Global “War on Terror” to transform ethnic unrest into a terrorism- based challenge to the Chinese state. As such, the focus of securitization shifted from ethnic identity to religious practice. This conceptual shift underlies state attempts to legitimize its counterinsurgency policies under the principle of combating the “Three Evils” of separatism, terrorism, and religious extremism, which are aimed specifically at religious minorities.

S.V. Dmitriev and S.L. Kuzmin. 2014. The Qing Empire as China: an Anatomy of Historical Myth. – Oriens (Moscow) (1): 5-17. It is often considered that China is a unique state in the world which has been several times won by foreigners,... more

S.V. Dmitriev and S.L. Kuzmin. 2014. The Qing Empire as China: an Anatomy of Historical Myth. – Oriens (Moscow) (1): 5-17.
It is often considered that China is a unique state in the world which has been several times won by foreigners, but never became a part of any other state, thus retaining continuity of its history and statehood based on consecutive row of ruling dynasties. This view is based on ancient sinocentric model which does not satisfy testing by comparative historical approach. Our analysis revealed that the Qing Empire cannot be equaled to China. Although the latter term has been broadly used, it had different meaning at different times. Actually, China was only a part of the Qing Empire. Manchu declarations that their state is China (i.e. Middle State, most important in the world), are similar to those by German, Ottoman, Russian and other monarchs on their states' continuity from the Roman Empire. These declarations have only historical value and cannot be used for modern international law. The Qing and other "conquest dynasties of China" were actually different empires created by non-Chinese peoples. The Han nation-state: Republic of China and People's Republic of China (PRC) had acquired almost whole territory of the Qing Empire as a result of occupation of weaker neighbors, instead of continuity of one state. Modern concept of PRC as a multinational state of "one Chinese nation", that included "minority nationalities" at least from the Middle Ages, is a historical myth.

В России Монголия с ее богатой историей и культурой издавна вызывает интерес: мы не только соседи, но и имеем немалые отрезки общей судьбы. Ныне лишь часть Монголии является суверенным государством, тогда как другая ее часть — Внутренняя... more

В России Монголия с ее богатой историей и культурой издавна вызывает интерес: мы не только соседи, но и имеем немалые отрезки общей судьбы. Ныне лишь часть Монголии является суверенным государством, тогда как другая ее часть — Внутренняя Монголия — находится в составе КНР. Про нее знают меньше, даже про совсем недавнее прошлое: многое ли известно нам о первых десятилетиях Внутренней Монголии под властью КНР, о положении монголов при Мао Цзэдуне?
Этот период ее истории не слишком известен даже специалистам — как китаеведам, так и монголоведам. В современной КНР этот вопрос, как и многие другие «неоднозначные страницы» прошлого, предпочитают обходить стороной — или подают в лозунгово-пропагандистском ключе «освобождения монголов и благоденствия в дружной семье национальностей КНР». Изучение этого периода истории крайне затруднено.
Предлагаемая книга частично заполняет этот пробел. Она представляет собой уникальное собрание свидетельств очевидцев событий, практически неизвестных в России — масштабных, невиданных репрессий против монголов, организованных Коммунистической партией Китая во главе с Мао Цзэдуном. Эти массовые убийства и репрессии достигли пика во времена организованной Мао так называемой Великой пролетарской культурной революции (про которую в Китае тоже не любят вспоминать), когда волна хаоса и насилия прокатилась по всей КНР.
Собранные и изученные материалы позволили автору сделать вывод о том, что во Внутренней Монголии был осуществлен геноцид монголов. Не стоит ждать от автора научной отстраненности — эта книга из тех, что написаны кровью сердца.
Эта книга будет интересна историкам, политологам, студентам гуманитарных специальностей и всем, кто интересуется историей КНР и Монголии.

Данная работа представляет собой исследование живущей на северо-востоке КНР малоизученной монголоязычной народности. Основу книги составили полевые исследования автора, а также российские и зарубежные источники. В книге рассматриваются... more

Данная работа представляет собой исследование живущей на северо-востоке КНР малоизученной монголоязычной народности. Основу книги составили полевые исследования автора, а также российские и зарубежные источники. В книге рассматриваются вопросы расселения, численности, происхождения, родового состава дауров, особенности хозяйства, культуры.

This special issue addresses the possible connections and mutual benefits of examining together two analytic concepts – memory and periphery. These concepts receive much attention in various scholarly discussions, yet they have done so... more

This special issue addresses the possible connections and mutual benefits of examining together two analytic concepts – memory and periphery. These concepts receive much attention in various scholarly discussions, yet they have done so rather independently from each other. The potential applications and utilities of combining memory and periphery and the epistemic insights they provide for various disciplins are presented in the different contributions to this issue.

Umeå Studies in Language and Literature 6 Department of Language Studies Umeå University 2009 S Ä R T R Y C K • О Т Т И С К • t ir a g e a P a r t • O F F P r iN t • S O N D e r D r U C K • N a D B it K a • S e P a r a t