Disruptive Technologies Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Objectives: The main objective of research is to identify a valid model that ensures the capabilities of national counterintelligence interests in the processes of identification, analysis and response to hybrid threats in cyberspace associated with the national security strategy taking into account the capabilities provided by advanced artificial intelligence. Based on this strategic approach, provide key factors for roadmap of adoption in the process of introducing disruptive technologies in counter-intelligence processes for maximization of results in technology adoption. Methodology: The applied research methodology is mixed. It will combine qualitative and quantitative criteria according to the proposed objectives by each research phase.

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- Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Cyberstudies, Cyberspace

The concept of disruptive technology, a term invented by Harvard professor, Clayton M. Christensen in his 1997 book, “The Innovators Dilemma” describes new technologies (or innovations) changing and making obsolete already existing ones. This phenomenon has long existed with important relocatable examples being the invention of automobile displacing the ancient horse-driven wagons. Evolution of these technologies have been adopted by many countries to help their organizations and entire economy be on the edge of competing markets.
In Ghana several big organizations understand the importance of disruptive innovation as competitive tool and have developed models containing strategies for implementing these digital innovations in their operations. This research proposes a model consisting of generic competitive strategy proposed by Michael Porter (1985) for all sectors of the economy to help even small-scale startups compete in the digital market.
This exploratory research evolves through various literature survey and model reviews regarding the field of the study by employing a qualitative approach to analyze published articles, research papers, books and reports relevant to the study.
In conclusion, this research explains why disruptive innovation needs effective competitive tools to aid stakeholders adopt the best strategy and planning blueprint to formulate a good business plan, which will help harness good deployment of resource for digital competitive advantage.

- by FRED M E N S A H OWUSU
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- Emerging Technologies, Disruptive Technologies

Real estate needs to improve its adoption of disruptive technologies to move from traditional to smart real estate (SRE). This study reviews the adoption of disruptive technologies in real estate. It covers the applications of nine such technologies, hereby referred to as the Big9. These are: drones, the internet of things (IoT), clouds, software as a service (SaaS), big data, 3D scanning, wearable technologies, virtual and augmented realities (VR and AR), and artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics. The Big9 are examined in terms of their application to real estate and how they can furnish consumers with the kind of information that can avert regrets. The review is based on 213 published articles. The compiled results show the state of each technology's practice and usage in real estate. This review also surveys dissemination mechanisms, including smartphone technology, websites and social media-based online platforms, as well as the core components of SRE: sustainability, innovative technology and user centredness. It identifies four key real estate stakeholders—consumers, agents and associations, government and regulatory authorities, and complementary industries—and their needs, such as buying or selling property, profits, taxes, business and/or other factors. Interactions between these stakeholders are highlighted, and the specific needs that various technologies address are tabulated in the form of a what, who and how analysis to highlight the impact that the technologies have on key stakeholders. Finally, stakeholder needs as identified in the previous steps are matched theoretically with six extensions of the traditionally accepted technology adoption model (TAM), paving the way for a smoother transition to technology-based benefits for consumers. The findings pertinent to the Big9 technologies in the form of opportunities, potential losses and exploitation levels (OPLEL) analyses highlight the potential utilisation of each technology for addressing consumers' needs and minimizing their regrets. Additionally, the tabulated findings in the form of what, how and who links the Big9 technologies to core consumers' needs and provides a list of resources needed to ensure proper information dissemination to the stakeholders. Such high-quality information can bridge the gap between real estate consumers and other stakeholders and raise the state of the industry to a level where its consumers have fewer or no regrets. The study, being the first to explore real estate technologies, is limited by the number of research publications on the SRE technologies that has been compensated through incorporation of online reports.

- by Fahim Ullah
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- Real estate management, Disruptive Technologies, Smart Real Estate, Big9 Technologies

In the UK, almost 6 million people are unpaid informal carers for an ill, frail or disabled family member or friend who couldn’t manage to live independently or whose health or wellbeing would deteriorate without their help. This saves the UK government over £119 billion a year. In England, around 3 million households contain an unpaid informal carer, which represents huge social care and National Health Service (NHS) cost savings [1]. Although the role and experience of informal carers is unique to their situation, and caring can be rich source of satisfaction, it is also known that their health suffers and that they have an increased rate of physical health problems, thus it is very important that we identify informal carers so that we can provide much needed help and support.
This paper reports on a series of disruptive design workshops, where the emphasis is for informal carers to have fun, relax, and to do things in ways that they wouldn’t normally do them. Each workshop involves creative activities such as drawing from memory, sketching everyday observations, 2D/3D modeling, and problem-solving challenges. The goals of the disruptive design workshops are to introduce the carers to new methods of seeing and doing their day-to-day tasks, to establish trust, decrease anxiety, to promote imagination, and risk-free “failure”. Moreover, the workshops aim to encourage, support and positively reinforce informal carers in respect of engagement and/or re-engagement with their creative capacities and depart from their pre-conceptions and orthodoxies about how things are and/or should be to how things might be.
The paper will present the initial results from a series of disruptive design workshops held within the studios of the School of Design, Northumbria University wherein the disruptive design work has had great success in breaking the cycle of well-formed opinions, strategies, mindsets, and ways-of-doing, that tend to remain unchallenged by the informal carers in their lives thus far.

- by Paul Rodgers and +1
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- Design, Design Methods, Industrial Design, Design Research

This paper reflects on the innovative research methods of the Digital Economy funded TOTeM (Tales of Things and electronic Memory) project and its engagement with two primary sectors: high street charity retail, and museums. The interdisciplinary three-year project is concerned with the study of applications of personal and social memories in the emerging culture of the Internet of Things. In 2010 TOTeM launched its public tagging service 'Tales of Things' which is based on the use of two-dimensional barcodes (QR Codes) and RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology to enable the capturing and sharing of stories and memories and linking of them to any object via read and writable tags. Since the launch of the web platform in 2010 (www.talesofthings.com) and its accompanying Android and iPhone applications, the technology has found a home through the disruption of two distinct sectors. The first was developed through a series of iterations with the UK based charity Oxfa...

Proceedings paper in conjunction with the opening keynote address on the 2019 conference theme of Global Digital Society: Impacts on Humanities and Social Sciences. The topic of disruptive technology and our calling suited the author's background in online education and international faculty development. The author has also worked for the impact to go the other way, from the Humanities and Social Sciences to new technologies, which tend to be rudderless or even dangerous unless guided by ethics and, in education, pedagogy. Thus the paper recommends interdisciplinarity and outlines the history of e-learning.

- by Steve McCarty
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- Ethics, Humanities, E-learning, Interdisciplinarity
- by Petros Kavassalis
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- Marketing, Disruptive Technologies, Mobile Internet, Public Policy

Technological developments and industrial adaptations are leading to a fundamental change in how industries and strategy function in the world today. Disruptive technologies are forcing us to reconsider the way we make decisions, and the models that were previously in place for delivering products and services. Blockchain in particular has demonstrated its ability to completely upend industry as we know it. Its main strengths lie in the fact that it is decentralized, unchangeable, anonymous and auditable. In this paper, we present a comparative study on the Big Four accounting firms' approach to Blockchain development and adoption. We first give an overview of the blockchain technology and key characteristics of the blockchain and its applications. Furthermore, we discuss some existing approaches for blockchain development and application in the Big Four accounting firms and highlight the opportunities and future prospects of blockchain technology that can be utilized by the four professional services conglomerates.

- by Amjad Pirotti, Ph.D. and +1
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- Disruptive Technologies, Business Strategy, Digital Transformation, Blockchain

This report uses strategic foresight to study applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to achieve water-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The report discusses motivations, applications, and opportunities related to the adoption of AI for sustainable development. AI is a thriving field, that aims to build systems that function intelligently and independently. The global market size of AI, currently valued at USD 2 trillion, is forecasted to contribute USD 16 trillion to the global economy by 2030. AI is expected to drive the next era of technological and economic development, similar to past developments such as the industrial revolution, the silicon chip era, and the emergence of smart devices. Strategic foresight uses insight about the future state of an industry to guide present-day decision-making. It is used as a tool in policy planning for assessing the potential impact of AI in fulfilling water-related SDGs. The foresight highlights findings from relevant literature and an expert panel, concluding with suggestions and policy recommendations for consideration by national Governments, and other relevant stakeholders.

- by Hamid Mehmood and +1
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- Artificial Intelligence, Technological Innovation, Disruptive Technologies, Economy
- by Dan Sarofian-Butin
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- Information Technology, Education, Higher Education, Service Learning

El fundamento y fin del servicio público es lograr la equidad y solidaridad. Existen, sin embargo, retos y desafíos que deben ser contenidos a fin de conservar esos dos pilares inalterados. La liberalización de servicios públicos, las... more

El fundamento y fin del servicio público es lograr la equidad y solidaridad.
Existen, sin embargo, retos y desafíos que deben ser contenidos a fin de conservar esos dos pilares inalterados. La liberalización de servicios públicos, las amenazas a la independencia de los reguladores y las tecnologías disruptivas son algunos

Academia and startups are powerful pillars of open innovation. We believe academia and startup enterprises could collaborate as strategic partners to create mutual, long-term benefits through a two-way knowledge transfer. We argue that this can be completed without large corporation involvement, which may hinder the missions of academia and startups—slowing down open innovation progress. Startups and academia could foster knowledge transfer in a flexible, agile, and less bureaucratic way, helping both partners to create mutual values through strategic partnerships.

- by Dariusz Milewski and +1
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- Entrepreneurship, Technological Innovation, Disruptive Technologies

This chapter explores the increasingly challenging activity of predicting technological innovations in Internet applications and services. It introduces the concepts of incremental and disruptive innovations and illustrates how waves of technological innovations emerge as a consequence of their interaction. We describe selected future prediction methods and outline their limits when faced with the accelerating occurrence of disruptive innovations in the Internet business. Their potential to induce behavioral changes in the individual use of a technology may ultimately lead to its adoption on a societal level and thus may change entire markets. Three case studies describe how incremental and disruptive innovations gave rise to waves of innovations in the fields of mobile handset markets, online shopping, and the computing industry at large. We conclude that a “user-pull” approach, in which the needs of potential and actual technology users serve as the primary basis to develop predic...

- by Lionel Reya and +1
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- Disruptive Innovation, Disruptive Technologies, Incremental Innovation

Abstract: Evidence suggests that MOOCs are being used as a strategic tool to explore alternative models of course delivery (Allen & Seaman, 2013) and this paper shares insight into an example of such innovation for Business School Education. Gateway MBA draws on examples of open learning worldwide to create a MOOC to extend the MBA distance learning programme for Northampton Business School. The Gateway MOOC offers open online access to MBA education to develop recruitment to the MBA internationally and to raise the profile of the university. While there are risks in this strategy, the Gateway project team see potential to introduce and market the MBA to a global audience through open online learning, raising the university brand profile and expanding the eLearning horizons of those involved in the project and beyond.This paper will consider recurring themes in the literature in the context of the design and delivery of the Gateway MBA. It is clear that reconciling MOOC values and a...

- by Rachel Fitzgerald
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- Sociology, MBA, Disruptive Technologies, Models

The research reported in this paper explores the impact of digital transformation as a disruptive innovation on manufacturing SMEs. The research is based on a qualitative Delphi study encompassing 49 experts from eleven EU countries. The paper aims to demonstrate how disruptive innovations affect organizational changes and determine critical factors in organizations that impact the initiating and promoting R&D of disruptive innovation. We discovered that disruptive innovations impact product/process development methods, new production concepts, new materials for products, and new organization plans. Additionally, we identified organizational changes related to the development and use of disruptive innovations in the future. We also indicate how disruptive innovations influence social and technological changes in the organizational environment. The analysis also disclosed three main groups of disruptive innovations and their impact on future smart factory development, namely the following: technological changes, the emergence of innovative products, business models and solutions and organizational culture as one of the crucial key success factors. The analysis also examined the enablers of the successful development/introduction of disruptive innovations, wherein internal and external factors were determined. Additionally, we presented obstacles and the approaches necessary to mitigate them. We can conclude from the findings that in the timeframe of 5–10 years, only the SME that uses/develops disruptive innovations will survive in the market. However, the companies do not always have a clear idea of the meaning of disruptive innovations. Therefore, it is important to set clear goals regarding the achievement of disruptive innovations in companies. It is also necessary to creatively apply presented instruments enabling improvement of organizational changes and apply some additional concepts, which we have suggested.

- by Vasja Roblek and +1
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- Disruptive Technologies, Organisational culture, Cyberphysical systems, Smart Factory

Not often is a general-purpose technology created that can disrupt numerous markets and significantly affect social welfare. 3D printing fits this description. It promises to improve the quality of some goods and to greatly increase the efficiency of their production processes. More importantly, it holds potential to reshape entire supply chains, including the design, manufacture, assembly, distribution, warehousing, and marketing of some goods, potentially even eliminating some parts of such chains. By changing the Coasian tradeoff, it also reshapes relationships between market players. In this article, we review the potential disrup-tive effects of 3D technology, analyzing the ways it affects market dynamics and social welfare. We then consider the policy and institutional responses that may be required as 3D printing comes into its own, fo-cusing on regulatory tools that foster competition and innovation. We identify three main regulatory tasks that are affected by the unique characteristics of 3D printing technology.

- by Michal Gal
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- Competition Law, Economics of Innovation, Competition, 3D printing

This paper focuses on the potential opportunities that disruptive innovation may bring to the healthcare sector of emerging and developing economies, and in particular to the one of the leading Sub-Saharan Africa’s country, Nigeria. The author examines the possibility of using advancements in the innovation of Technology 4.0 to bridge the gap in access to what could be defined as “good enough” healthcare services for poorer regions of the world while also aiming to potentially reduce healthcare costs and making the local healthcare systems more sustainable, productive, and accessible. Nigerian health industry is used as an exploratory case study to examine the feasibility of implementing Mobile Health and Telehealth Systems, and more in general, to assess the potential benefits of disruptive innovations in the healthcare industry for the lower income patients of emerging and developing economies. This analysis on disruptive innovation, industry competitiveness, and sustainability of the healthcare models is inspired by Michael Porter’s Creating Shared Value (CSV) strategic framework (Porter et al., 2011; 2018) and by Clayton Christensen’s Disruptive Innovation Theory (Christensen et al., 1997; 2000; 2004; 2006; 2013; 2015, 2017). This study also aims to provide a compelling argument supporting the thesis that disruptive innovations in the healthcare system can help grant access to critical basic healthcare services in poor regions of the world while also achieving multiple goals such as, sustainability, efficiency, shared-value creation, and corporate profitability for forward-looking firms with scalable and disruptive business models. Ultimately, the paper aims to contribute to the body of knowledge in the field of disruptive innovation, sustainability, and creating shared-value strategies, assessing the feasibility of solutions that may drive to improved competitiveness, social progress, social inclusion, and sustainability of the healthcare industry in one of the developing economies. The results of this study aim to prove that, in the coming years, disruptive innovations are likely to redefine the competitive environment of the healthcare industry and improve the healthcare conditions of the poorer, underserved, and underreached population of developing and emerging economies like Nigeria, thus increasing their life expectancy rates.

- by Dr. Ivo Pezzuto
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- Entrepreneurship, Business Ethics, Artificial Intelligence, Health Economics

The article discusses the nature of law in cyberspace. Topics discussed include distinction between regulation as an infringement of private autonomy and regulation as a collaborative enterprise; blockchain regulatory conundrum; and neoliberal market-complementing regulation. Also being discussed is the regulation of economic efficiency and consumer choice.

- by Robert Herian
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- Civil Law, Computer Networks, Regulation, The Internet

Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative exploratory multiple case study research is to explore subject-matter experts' (SMEs) perceptions of how technology and framework conditions influence and impact the success of digital payment business models in sub-Saharan Africa. To address this purpose, and to be consistent with the qualitative paradigm, a multiple case study methodology is used to collect data from multiple sources of evidence. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses an open-ended survey to collect data on SMEs perceptions. Data collection happened through semi-structured, qualitative, in-depth interviews with senior managers and entrepreneurs / owners in the financial technology sector. Data collection took place in Paris in November 2018. The interviews took between 32-46 minutes. The answers of the SMEs were imported, coded, and analyzed using NVivo for Mac. Findings: The findings suggest that growth of digital payment systems in sub-Saharan Africa might be driven by network effects and incentives, and a reduction Gourville's endowment effect or status quo bias. The results of this study suggest that infrastructure might key to the success of digital payment services and supportive regulation might be necessary to allow for entrepreneurs to drive innovation and to protect their customers against fraud. Research/practical implications: The FinTech environment is changing rapidly and requires review of the changes within the ecosystem of financial technology innovations. This study will help FinTech innovators, academics, and policymakers to understand how technology and framework conditions impact payment business models in sub-Saharan Africa. Originality/value: This paper builds on FinTech research and takes a more in-depth look at digital payment systems in sub-Saharan Africa using Gourville's (2006) theoretical framework on the psychology of new-product adoption. The added value of this study might be suggestions for quantitative research and recommendations for providers of digital payment systems in sub-Saharan Africa.

- by Michael Neubert and +1
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- Finance, Africa, Adoption, Consumer Behavior

Business organizations face constant pressure to achieve and sustain a competitive advantage. Using a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis enable the creation and defining of objectives tailored to the firm’s environment, after assessing current capabilities. Subsequently, an enterprise’s technology strategy converges on managing the envisioned destiny and achieving the articulated objectives. Almost every organizational formation aspires to use technology for integrating information, achieving process efficiencies, and transforming service delivery into a paragon of effectiveness. Based on a limited meta-analysis, this paper integrates business and IT platform strategies as a means to generate a competitive advantage.

- by Dr. Robert E Davis
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- Business, Strategy (Business), Radical Innovation, Disruptive Innovation

ويرصد هذا التقرير في نسخته السابعة مسار التنمية الذي اتبعته البلدان خلال السنوات الخمس
الماضية من وجهة نظر حوكمة العلوم. ويوثق التحول المجتمعي السريع الجاري، الذي يوفر فرصاً
جديدة للتجارب الاجتماعية والاقتصادية ولكنه ينطوي أيضاً على مخاطر تفاقم أوجه التفاوت
الاجتماعية، ما لم يتم وضع ضمانات لدرء هذه المخاطر.
ويخلص التقرير إلى أنه سيتعين على البلدان زيادة الاستثمار في البحث والابتكار، إذا كان لها أن تنجح
في تحولها المزدوج الرقمي والأخضر. وقد قام ما يربو على 30 بلداً بالفعل بزيادة إنفاقها على البحوث
منذ عام 2014 ، تماشياً مع التزامها بتحقيق أهداف التنمية المستدامة. وعلى الرغم من هذا التقدم
المحرز، لا تزال ثمانية بلدان من كل عشرة بلدان تخصص أقل من 1% من الناتج المحلي الإجمالي
للبحث، وهو ما يديم تبعيتها للتكنولوجيات الأجنبية.
ونظراً إلى أن القطاع الخاص سيضطر إلى قيادة شطر كبير من هذا التحول المزدوج الأخضر والرقمي،
فقد سعت الحكومات جاهدة إلى تسهيل الابتكار على القطاع الخاص من خلال وضع أدوات جديدة
في مجال السياسة العامة من قبيل إقامة مراكز الابتكار الرقمي حيث يمكن للشركات «الاختبار قبل
الاستثمار » في التكنولوجيات الرقمية. وتسعى بعض الحكومات أيضاً إلى تحسين وضع الباحثين من
خلال زيادة الرواتب ووسائل أخرى. وقد ارتفع عدد الباحثين في العالم فعلاً منذ عام 2014 .
وأسفرت جائحة كوفيد- 19 عن تنشيط نظم إنتاج المعرفة. وتستند هذه الدينامية إلى الاتجاه المتمثل
في تعزيز التعاون العلمي على المستوى الدولي، الذي يبشر بالخير فيما يتعلق بالتصدي للتحديات
العالمية الأخرى من قبيل تغير المناخ وفقدان التنوع البيولوجي. ومع ذلك، لم يُدمج علم الاستدامة بعد
على صعيد النشر الأكاديمي، وفقاً لما أظهرته دراسة جديدة لليونسكو، مع أن البلدان تستثمر أكثر من
ذي قبل في التكنولوجيات الخضراء.

Studium prezentuje analizę potencjału kompetencji cyfrowych w Polsce na tle rozwiniętych krajów Unii Europejskiej, stwierdzając jego głęboki deficyt we wszystkich grupach istotnych dla rozwoju kraju (m.in. uczniowie szkół, pracownicy MSP, nauczyciele i nauczyciele akademiccy). Niedobór „kompetencji przyszłości” - w dużym stopniu cyfrowych, powiązanych wszakże z zarządczymi, globalnymi, kooperacyjnymi i komunikacyjnymi - autorzy uważają za czynnik negatywnie hamujący rozwój gospodarczy i społeczny kraju od dużej i niedocenianej w debacie publicznej sile oddziaływania. System edukacyjny – ich zdaniem – wciąż w dużym stopniu ukierunkowany jest na zdobywanie wiedzy i nie rozwija w wystarczający sposób kompetencji, które stają się kluczowe na rynku pracy, np. kompetencji społecznych czy cyfrowych.
Z diagnozy tej wynika konieczność gruntownych zmian w polskich szkołach, podporządkowanych wprowadzeniu ich w świat wyzwań czasów dysrupcji, rozumianych jako okres nieciągłych, gwałtownych zmian modeli biznesowych, przemian społecznych pokoleń Z i Alfa stymulowanych rozwojem technologii cyfrowych, czy też budzenia się nierówności społecznych na tle rozwarstwienia poziomu kompetencji cyfrowych, szczególnie międzypokoleniowych. Postulują także realizację programu włączenia do świata cyfrowego 2 mln osób w wieku powyżej 50 lat.
Wychodząc od prognoz rozwoju technologii (np. Internet Rzeczy, 5G, big data, blockchain, sztuczna inteligencja) i obserwowanych już zjawisk w światowej gospodarce (globalizacji, robotyzacji) autorzy studium oceniają ich wpływ na procesy biznesowe, a tym samym na rynek pracy. Posiłkując się terminologią wypracowaną w Unii Europejskiej i amerykańskimi opracowaniami taksonomicznymi formułują kanon kompetencji cywilizacyjnych, niezbędnych w XXI w. Autorzy stawiają tezę, iż cyfrowa dysrupcja zaneguje wiele mechanizmów znanego nam dotychczas świata i wymusi nowe reguły, obowiązujące w przestrzeni cyfrowej XXI w. Technologie cyfrowe będą odgrywać podwójną rolę: środowiska wykluwania się nowych zjawisk i produktów właściwych dla pierwszej połowy XXI w. oraz potężnego czynnika zmiany.
Państwo – zarówno na poziomie rządowym, jak i samorządów – nie dysponuje dziś skutecznymi merytorycznie i adekwatnymi do potrzeb rozwoju kraju narzędziami upowszechniania kompetencji cyfrowych, czy szerzej rzecz ujmując: cywilizacyjnych. Działania władz publicznych podporządkowane wydatkowaniu dostępnych środków unijnych są oderwane lub znacząco oddalone od głównego nurtu procesów rozwojowych XXI w.
Drugą część studium stanowi 15 rozdział prezentujący rekomendacji strategicznych dla władz publicznych odnoszących się do rozwoju kompetencji cyfrowych w grupach społecznych kluczowych z punktu widzenia rozwoju kraju: uczniów, nauczycieli, przedsiębiorców oraz pracowników małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw, a także największej w Europie grupy analfabetów cyfrowych – populacji Polek i Polaków po 50 roku życia.

- by Krzysztof Głomb and +2
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- Artificial Intelligence, Digital Literacy, Educational Informatics, ICT in Education

La blockchain sort peu à peu de sa zone d’ombre et souffre encore de la confusion que la presse fait à son égard. En effet, les monnaies virtuelles, comme le bitcoin, utilisent la technologie blockchain, ce qui a conduit à l’amalgame blockchain/bitcoin, c’est à dire une technologie avec l’une de ses utilisation : le bitcoin est une cryptomonnaie et la blockchain un protocole sur lequel repose le fonctionnement de cette cryptomonnaie. Ce protocole open source, qu’on pourrait traduire par « chaîne de blocs » ou, plus précisément, « enchaînement de blocs », a deux caractéristiques majeures : il est décentralisé (comme la plupart des protocoles, il vise à la communication entre machines sans utiliser de machine centrale) et cohérent.

- by Hubert de Vauplane
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- Banking, Money and Banking, Disruptive Technologies, Finance and banking

Big data has captured the interests of scholars across many disciplines over the last half a decade. Business scholars have increasingly turned their attention to the impact of this emerging phenomenon. Despite the rise in attention, our understanding of what big data is and what it means for organizations and institutional actors remains uncertain. In this study, we conduct a systematic review on " big data " across business scholarship over the past six years (2009–2014). We analyzed 219 peer-reviewed academic papers from 152 journals from the most comprehensive business literature database. We conducted the systematic review both quantitatively and qualitatively using the data analysis software NVivo10. Our results reveal several key insights about the scholarly investigation of big data, including its top benefits and challenges. Overall, we found that big data remains a fragmented, early-stage domain of research in terms of theoretical grounding, methodological diversity and empirically oriented work. These challenges serve to improve our understanding of the state of big data in contemporary research, and to further prompt scholars and decision-makers to advance future research in the most productive manner.

- by Julie Frizzo-Barker and +2
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- Data Mining, Systematic Reviews, Disruptive Technologies, Big Data

(Paper en español) - Abstract: We usually associate disruptive thinking with the empowerment of the imagination, including innovation. A disruption is what produces a sudden break or interruption. Of course in this case we speak of a symbolic meaning. They say, and I share, that thinking is the basis disruptive innovation, but here should be accurate and that innovation is not synonymous with the new, the modern and the latest technology. Disruptive thinking is an innovation in the application of knowledge, which is translated into learning, usually outside the usual training institutions. To think disruptively is a process of re-education to return to be the free human being that we all knew to be when we were children.

- by Mauro D Ríos
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- Education, Science Education, Academia Research, Open Innovation

L2 Journal, Volume 14 Issue 1 (2022), pp. 45-59

, the director of supply chain systems, had set aside this time on her calendar to contemplate recommendations to senior executives. The question they'd asked was widely agreed to be extremely important to Ford's future: How should the company use emerging information technologies (i.e. Internet technologies) and ideas from new high-tech industries to change the way it interacted with suppliers? Members of her team had different views on the subject. Some argued that the new technology made it inevitable that entirely new business models would prevail and that Ford needed to radically redesign its supply chain and other activities or risk being left behind. This group favored " virtual integration, " modeling the Ford supply chain on that of companies, such as Dell, which had aggressively used technology to reduce working capital and exposure to inventory obsolescence. Proponents of this approach argued that although the auto business was very complex both for historical reasons and because of the inherent complexity of the automotive product, there was no reason such business models could not provide a conceptual blueprint for what Ford should attempt. Another group was more cautious, believing that the difference between the auto business and relatively newer businesses such as computer manufacturing were important and substantive. Some noted, for example, that relative to Dell the Ford supplier network had many more layers and many more companies and that Ford's purchasing organization historically had played a more prominent and independent role than had Dell's. These difference and others posed complications when examined closely, and it was difficult to determine the appropriate and feasible scope for redesign of the process. As she read through the documents provided by her team, she thought about chief executive officer (CEO) Jac Nasser's recent companywide emphasis on shareholder value and customer responsiveness. It was widely acknowledged that Dell had delivered on those dimensions, but would the same methods deliver results for Ford?

- by Abdinasir Ali
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- Disruptive Technologies, Case Study, Suplly Chain Management

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a technology that contrary to existing production techniques creates products layer by layer. AM exists for more than 30 years but as a result of lapsed patents, its application has expanded significantly in a pattern resembling a disruptive technology. Using AM, products can be manufactured in small series and a highly customized manner. Additive manufacturing may have a substantial social impact: Because of its nature, this technology requires less natural resources and generates less CO2 emissions as it can be used close to the point of consumption. Furthermore, AM may lead to a shift of production activities from developing to developed countries. Most research has focused on the technological side of AM but limited academic publications exist on the effects of AM on global supply chains and business models; however, these effects can be substantial

Il settore automotive è a un punto di svolta. La rivoluzione in atto nel settore si è estesa, oltre che alle tradizionali tematiche legate alle nuove tecnologie, almeno ad altre due fonti di trasformazione, che sono l’una la costola dell’altra.
- Le nuove leggi internazionali per il controllo delle emissioni inquinanti impongono agli attori
industriali importanti modifiche della cosiddetta catena del valore, e ripensamenti del modo di fare automotive.
- Il nuovo modo di essere azienda impone una demolizione degli archetipi del marketing, per ricostruire - sulle basi di questi, e in seguito all’avvento “disruptive” del digitale - un marketing responsivo e fluido, in grado di adattarsi alla elevata portata rivoluzionaria delle contingenze storiche che le imprese stanno affrontando.
Da un lato, la rivoluzione tecnologica ha consentito la messa a punto di automobili ibride ed elettriche più sostenibili dal punto di vista economico-produttivistico e di offerte ai consumatori più corpose a proposito di autonomia e prestazioni; dall’altro, la rivoluzione ambientale ha messo in moto l’intera macchina organizzativa sia a livello industriale sia a livello statale: il risultato si è concretizzato in una vera riconversione, per le imprese, all’elettrico, e la messa a punto, da parte degli Stati e delle varie istituzioni, di agevolazioni sempre più difficili da ignorare, per i consumatori.
Ne risulta che l’uso orchestrale e sapiente dei meccanismi e delle possibilità aperte dalle tre rivoluzioni - tecnologica, ambientale e comunicativa - abbia permesso la creazione di una estensione spaziale, sia all’interno dell’impresa - a proposito del brand -, sia all’interno del mercato.
La presente tesi ha l’obiettivo di dimostrare come sfruttando le opportunità delle rivoluzioni ambientale (che ha avuto nell’elettrificazione soltanto una delle ripercussioni visibili), tecnologica e comunicativa, si possa rivoluzionare il posizionamento dei marchi automobilistici, permettendo di passare abilmente dal “vecchio” al “nuovo” modo, sostenibile e contemporaneo insieme, di fare automotive.
L’obiettivo è stato raggiunto grazie alla disamina del caso Volvo Cars, brand che, soprattutto dal 2014 a oggi, ha saputo dotarsi degli strumenti tecnologici e comunicativi corretti per affrontare e, anzi, governare, la rivoluzione ambientale con la massima forza “disruptive” possibile, imponendosi come una reale alternativa premium non solo al mondo tedesco, ma anche al “vecchio” modo di fare automotive. Volvo, infatti, è riuscita a svecchiarsi velocemente e con successo, anche dal punto di vista stilistico, oltre che comunicativo e pratico, degli orpelli del passato, entrando a passi decisi nell’epoca della Digital disruption, dimostrando di essere un ottimo caso di automotive sostenibile e contemporaneo.

Purpose. Accommodation sharing is a major trend shaping the hospitality industry, and Airbnb is the most prominent sharing platform driving this growth. While price convenience is reported as one of the main strengths of Airbnb accommodations, only a few studies have examined price determinants. In particular, it is unclear whether hosts dynamically adjust prices for shared accommodation based on their experience with price management and on the level of market demand. This paper intends to fill this gap by suggesting and testing a comprehensive hedonic pricing model.
Methodology. Data from all 1,056 Airbnb listings for accommodations available in the city of Verona (Italy) on four booking dates in 2016 are collected and analysed through regression analysis.
Findings. The results highlight that price is significantly related to the level of the host’s accumulated experience and to the level of market demand on a specific booking date. The findings provide support for the ability of hosts to dynamically adjust prices for their accommodations.
Practical implications. Drawing on the innovator’s dilemma theory, this study suggests some strategies that traditional hotels may adopt to react to the disruptive nature of Airbnb.
Originality/value. This is one of the few studies to address hosts’ pricing strategies and to specifically consider price adjustments owing to variations in host experience and market demand.

- by Fabio Cassia
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- Tourism Studies, Tourism Marketing, Tourism Management, Web 2.0

Distributed ledger technology (DLT) is one of the emerging technologies adopted in organizations. Unlike traditional databases, the integrity of the DLT is maintained automatically by an algorithmic consensus mechanism and not by any dominant authority. Thus, the consensus mechanism controls the decision-making and governance process. But the adoption of DLT is faced with issues regarding how to ensure that governance decisions in distributed ledger systems in the interest of all actors and stakeholders involved in the operations of organizational operations. Therefore, it is imperative to provides a better understanding of the governance of DLT adoption in organizations. Accordingly, this study conducts an extensive literature review to investigate the governance issues and control of DLT adoption in intra-organizational domain. Findings from this study presents state-of-the-art governance practices to offer a comprehensive understanding on key governance issues in organizations. Additionally, the findings present factors associated with governance of DLT adoption solutions. More importantly, a governance model is developed to enhance the adoption of DLT adoption to accelerate the digitalization of organizational operations.

Yıkıcı teknoloji ya da yıkıcı yenilik terimi, temelini 1995 yılında yayınlanan “Yıkıcı Teknolojiler: Dalgayı Yakalama” isimli makaleden alır. Piyasaya hâkim olan diğer ürün veya hizmetin ortadan kaldırılması anlamına gelen yıkıcı teknoloji ya da yıkıcı yeniliğin tespit edilmesi ve karşı konulması için hem pek çok hâkim firmanın yanı sıra akademisyenler de çalışma ve araştırma yapmaktadır. Makale dâhilinde konu hakkında en geçerli olduğu kabul gören kişi ve kavramlar araştırılmış, ortak ve farklı noktaları değerlendirilerek yaşanmış vaka analizleri ışığında yıkıcılık teorisinin oluşum, karşı stratejileri ve tahmin edilme yöntemleri araştırılmıştır.

- by Theodora A Christou
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- Artificial Intelligence, Technology, Cybercrimes, Regulation And Governance

This Article will examine virtual law practice as a necessary and inevitable solution to the globalization of law firms and the lack of access to justice in our country, and it will consider how bona fide office requirements in some states may work against this practice management method. Recent changes to the legal profession due to the globalization of law firms, trends in outsourcing of legal services, and the public demand for online legal services all indicate the need for a wider variety of law practice management structures with continued accountability and connection between the legal practitioner and the state bar.

- by Stephanie Kimbro
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- Technology, Virtualization, Unbundled legal services, Digital Lawyering

Hsu, A., King, B., Wang, D., Buhalis, D., 2016, In-destination tour products and the disrupted tourism industry: progress and prospects, Information Technology & Tourism, Vol 17, pp.1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-016-0067-y... more

- by Professor Dimitrios Buhalis and +2
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- Tourism Studies, Tourism Marketing, Travel & Tourism, Disruptive Innovation

This thesis investigates what it means to view disruptive innovation as a political problem. I take my point of departure in the tendency for controversial disruptions in heavily regulated sectors, such as electronic cigarettes or hydraulic fracturing, to open regulatory spaces by challenging established expectations about how they ought to be governed. In the wake of such disruption, policy actors with a stake in the matter engage in sensemaking and discursive contests to control the meaning of the innovations in order to close the regulatory spaces by aligning them with one set of laws instead of another. I study these contests in two recent legislative initiatives of the European Union to address the disruptive potential of e-cigarettes and fracking: the 2014 revision of the Tobacco Products Directive and the 2014 Commission recommendations on unconventional fossil fuels. The research draws on 51 interviews carried out with key policy actors during and after the policy debates. I bolster this with an analysis of policy documents, press releases and scientific studies, as well as a content and network analysis of position statements in newspaper articles. I find that the strategic use of rhetoric and framing plays an important part in creating, maintaining, and entrenching opposed coalitions in both policy debates. In both case studies, the policy solution is accompanied by deteriorating levels of trust among participants, leading coalitions to engage in strategies of venue-shopping to circumvent their opponents. This underscores the significant challenges there are for policymakers to address disruptions while maintaining legitimacy. The original contribution of the thesis lies in its novel conceptualization of disruptive innovation as a political problem, its application of micro-sociological approaches to the politics of expertise and European public policy, and its practical and theoretical suggestions for how to better study periods of disruption and govern through them.

Wonderful changes have happened in human life by emerging new technologies. Many companies even the great ones, came in but went out of the business for various reasons. Clayton Christensen tried to understand why great companies have vanished, while they have the power. This essay will try to demonstrate the concept idea of disruptive innovation theory and its principles, and then reveals a reflection in the context of Information Technology industry with a focus on smartphones integration with IT and illustrate how project managers can use disruption theory within the Information Technology field and how this theory can affect project managers decision in future.

This study proposes that rather than a game we should be studying Fortnite as a social network. I argue that the game’s disruptive nature is oriented towards sharing of experiences rather than the actual game itself, thus, placing itself... more

- by Matthew Pulis
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- User Experience (UX), Disruptive Technologies, Third places, Battle Royale

The benefits of autonomous vehicles (AVs) are widely acknowledged, but there are concerns about the extent of these benefits and AV risks and unintended consequences. In this article, we first examine AVs and different categories of the technological risks associated with them. We then explore strategies that can be adopted to address these risks, and explore emerging responses by governments for addressing AV risks. Our analyses reveal that, thus far, governments have in most instances avoided stringent measures in order to promote AV developments and the majority of responses are non-binding and focus on creating councils or working groups to better explore AV implications. The US has been active in introducing legislations to address issues related to privacy and cybersecurity. The UK and Germany, in particular, have enacted laws to address liability issues; other countries mostly acknowledge these issues, but have yet to implement specific strategies. To address privacy and cybersecurity risks strategies ranging from introduction or amendment of non-AV specific legislation to creating working groups have been adopted. Much less attention has been paid to issues such as environmental and employment risks, although a few governments have begun programmes to retrain workers who might be negatively affected.

- by Araz 𝖳aeihagh and +1
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- Business, Information Systems, Management, Risk Management and Insurance

This handbook describes the current “snapshot” of the evolution process of Photogrammetry, a centuries-old and up to now expert-exclusive discipline. Photogrammetry has traditionally been a “tool of the trade” in the arsenal of the surveyor-engineer, serving the need for accurate spatial/geometrical documentation. Photogrammetry in the past was a complicated and labour intensive process, which was available only to a small circle of experts and which had a specific scope of applications, with a heavy focus on cartography. The aforementioned «expansion» has been triggered by the advent of digitization, in specific, by the digital sensors and the automation of the calculations & techniques involved in the photogrammetric process. The constant development of computer algorithms, alongside the improvement of the necessary hardware, has greatly amplified the efficiency and affordability of digital photogrammetry. Nowadays, it can potentially offer its benefits to a much wider audience, including experts from different disciplines or even non-expert users. For this process of “dissemination”, the soft- & hardware availability does not present itself so much as a problem, as “public awareness” & practical, technological know-how do. At this evolutionary point, there is a great need for widespread information on the potential of digital photogrammetry and more importantly, for theoretical & practical training of the new user groups. > This effort is a (very) small step in this direction.

- by Olga Chatzifoti
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- Education, Photogrammetry, 3D Reconstruction, 3D visualisation

This paper presents four new strategies for growing the organic agriculture sector. Globally there are 51 million hectares of certified organic agriculture land and a further 39 million hectares of wild culture land. For the past two decades organic agriculture has been growing at 11.9% per annum, thereby doubling the size of the sector every six years. Nevertheless, despite ten decades of advocacy for organics, only 1.1% of the world's agricultural land is certified organic. From the outset, the strategy has been to advance the sector 'one farm at a time'. This strategy has left the organics sector well short of the vision of the pioneers of organics who saw organic farming as a universal solution and a practice suited for all farmers and all agriculture. Successful exemplars of marketing strategies of converting 'one consumer at a time' remain elusive. Recent years have seen the development of new strategies for growth of the organics sector. The strategy of 'one crop at a time' has proved successful for the Dominican Republic which now produces 55% of the world's certified organic bananas. The strategy of 'one state at a time' has seen the state of Sikkim (in India) declare itself as the first Indian organic state. Meanwhile, other Indian states are working towards all-organic status, including Mizoram, Goa, Rajasthan and Meghalaya. The strategy of 'one island at a time' has seen the Pacific islands of Cicia (in Fiji) and Abaiang (in Kiribati) commit to 100% organic farming. The strategy of 'one country at a time' sees Bhutan with the stated goal of being the world's first organic nation. These new strategies rely for success on the tripartite cooperation of government, community and commerce. In the meantime, as these new strategies play out, only 11 countries report that 10% or more of their agriculture land is organic, while 111 countries report that less than 1% of their land is certified organic, which reveals great potential for new growth strategies.

- by John Paull, PhD
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- Organic agriculture, Sustainable agriculture, Green Marketing, Kiribati

Since mobile payments became possible the whole money transfer market changed in an almost revolutionary way – though not as fast as many consulting firms and market research companies had foreseen. But payment and money itself became... more

- by Matthias Beland
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- Finance, Mobile Technology, Africa, Adoption

The focus of this paper is on the potential challenges and opportunities that might emerge as a result of the continuing development and proliferation of so-called 3D printing technology. In particular, it is interested in looking at how society would cope if 3D printing (or some other form of comparable replicating technology) advanced to such a stage that it became possible to accurately and cheaply replicate any commodity or currency-form many times over. As many readers will no doubt be aware, these are issues that have gained increased traction in recent times, with countless articles and opinion-pieces having been printed on the so-called ‘3D printing revolution’ in the last couple of years. However, whilst the technology underpinning the latest cluster of 3D printers may be ground-breaking, the idea itself is far from new. Indeed, the concept of replicating technology actually has a fairly long intellectual history, with a number of past writers and thinkers having devoted a great deal of time to considering the effects that might result from the (potential) emergence of mass 3D printing capabilities. In this paper, the focus will be on one such text; namely, George O. Smith’s Venus Equilateral series (1942–1945). Looking both at the fictionalised replicating technologies outlined by Smith and the uses they were put to by his protagonists, this paper will offer a critical reading of Smith’s work, with a particular emphasis on his treatment of the 3D printing phenomenon. Likewise, it will also look at how Smith tried to incorporate the idea of mass replicating technology into a wider socio-economic framework, along with his attempts to produce working economic models based on this postulated mode of production. Ultimately, what it shows is that, whilst Smith’s fictionalised technologies may today seem farcically outdated, his reflections and insights on the potential social ruptures and cultural transformations that might unfold as a result of the emergence of mass replicating technology remain as pertinent and as relevant as ever.

- by Matthew Hollow
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- Critical Theory, Technology, Art, Technoculture