Public Policy Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

On 29 April 2021, the European Platform tackling undeclared work (hereafter the ‘Platform’) held a webinar on ‘COVID 19: combating fraud in short-term financial support schemes’. The event brought together 31 participants from 20... more

The article is based on recent research involving qualitative case studies of staff experiences of equality policies in six English, Scottish and Welsh higher education institutions (HEIs). Recent changes to UK legislation (e.g. on 'race'... more

The article is based on recent research involving qualitative case studies of staff experiences of equality policies in six English, Scottish and Welsh higher education institutions (HEIs). Recent changes to UK legislation (e.g. on 'race' and disability) and a series of European Union employment directives (including on religion and sexual orientation) have caused more attention to be paid to equality policies and their implementation in higher education. The wider context for equality policies has also changed, from a predominant focus on individuals and redistributive equality policies to viewing inequality as a generic and relative concept which can be policy-mainstreamed, with greater concentration on organisational cultures and diversity and a focus on recognitional rather than redistributive approaches to inequality. The article uses the authors' recent research findings to consider how higher education institution employees who participated in the study understood notions of equality and diversity. There is a particular focus on whether different forms of inequality are seen to be interconnected, whether diversity is seen as desirable by most employees interviewed, the potential tensions and conflicts between equality policies applying to students and those concerned with staff and the visions of equitable HEIs of the future held by senior managers. It is suggested that whilst all HEIs studied had equality policies and senior managers who have benefited from equality training, nevertheless the shift away from redistributional notions of inequality (except in respect of occupational inequality) towards greater emphasis on recognitional forms, the tensions between student and staff equality issues, and the pursuit of organisational diversity may reflect a relative depoliticisation of the staff equality agenda in higher education.

... This gap between what we know should be provided and what is provided is the result of a poorly structured health care financing system ... applied in a host of other settings where children are served, including schools, health... more

... This gap between what we know should be provided and what is provided is the result of a poorly structured health care financing system ... applied in a host of other settings where children are served, including schools, health clin-ics, child welfare agencies, and juvenile courts. ...

Précis Africa faces the usual panoply of challenges endemic in developing countries with too few instruments and too few resources, while also grappling with the perennial problem of managing development. These are sequencing of policy... more

Précis
Africa faces the usual panoply of challenges endemic in developing countries with too few instruments and too few resources, while also grappling with the perennial problem of managing development. These are sequencing of policy reforms, all subject to the political constraints of containing the disruptive impacts of policy reforms to acceptable levels. This is a particularly important problem for Africa given the very narrow margins for manoeuvre imposed by fiscal and external deficits, subsistence levels of household income for much of the population and a complex political weave in the regions social fabric. Getting the priorities right and managing change are thus particularly vital issues for African integration. Hence, infrastructure development (energy, ICT, roads, railways, hydro dams, power transmission and industry – sugar factories, metallurgy, fertilizer plants…), a consumer goods revolution is just beginning in much of Africa. Emerging export industries—in mining, manufacturing and exportable services— are already making their mark as sources of growth in the economy and will soon overtake traditional foreign exchange earnings from minerals and agricultural goods. However, two overwhelming pressures in Africa's current economic climate—inflation and challenging new regulations—are putting strains on private business and could potentially dent the country's positive growth prospects. Hence, Africa should modify regulatory policies that inflate business costs and depress urban consumer incomes, go for bolder and more unconventional agricultural policies and put in place a smarter set of policies for the financial sector. Much of the public investment laid out in the two cases are needed, justified , and on the whole appropriate, but how such investment is to be financed remains only partially addressed and the issue of who should carry out the investments is—in at least three specific cases—quite questionable. The case for government investments in public goods such as roads and power infrastructure is undeniable, as it is laying the essential founda-tions—the necessary conduits and circuitry—of a modern economy.

As the number of references to landscape increases in the Brussels-Capital Region, the article analyses its place and meaning within the Regional Development Plans (1995-2018). The article intends to show that landscape may be considered... more

As the number of references to landscape increases in the Brussels-Capital Region, the article analyses its place and meaning within the Regional Development Plans (1995-2018). The article intends to show that landscape may be considered as a category of Brussels public action and that in this sense it constitutes a good indicator of its evolution. The analysis allows us to identify significant changes, such as the progressive association of landscape with nature as the sustainability framework replaced the interest in heritage, and its change of scale in connection with the process of metropolisation. It also highlights certain contents which are more stable over time, such as the association of landscape with the imaginary of slow mobility or the view of it as a relatively positive and consensual subject.

Based on interviews with bureaucrats and judges in several Swiss cantons, this article analyzes how bureaucrats decide to order immigration detention and how the judicial review shapes their decisions. The authors argue that discretionary... more

Based on interviews with bureaucrats and judges in several Swiss cantons, this article analyzes how bureaucrats decide to order immigration detention and how the judicial review shapes their decisions. The authors argue that discretionary decision-making regarding immigration detention is structured by the web of relationships in which decision-makers are embedded and affected by the practices of other street-level actors. The varying cantonal configurations result in heterogenous bureaucratic practices that affect the profiles and numbers of persons being detained. In particular, differences in judges' interpretation of legal principles, as well as in their expectations, strongly affect bureaucratic decisions.

A kéziratban a kvantitatív tartalomelemzést mint új módszert használom arra, hogy egy közpolitikai dokumentumot, mint narratívát elemezzek, illetve a szöveg hatását is igyekszem bemutatni.

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and... more

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS.

Since the 1990s, governments have increasingly employed PPPs for the revitalization of subsidised housing stock and the creation of mixed-income neighbourhoods. These PPPs typically involve private-sector partners taking on the... more

Since the 1990s, governments have increasingly employed PPPs for the revitalization of subsidised housing stock and the creation of mixed-income neighbourhoods. These PPPs typically involve private-sector partners taking on the responsibility for replacing, maintaining, and operating subsidised housing for a number of decades before transferring the housing back to the public sector. Governments pay the private sector firm for the maintenance and operation of the housing units over the course of the agreement. While there is always the risk that the cost of replacing, maintaining, or operating the subsidised housing may exceed projections, there is little to no demand risk in such partnerships for either party. In Toronto, however, the success of its subsidised housing revitalization is dependent on market forces, as the sale of condos or land owned by the city's subsidised housing provider provide much of the capital needed for revitalization. This paper examines how well Toronto’s market-oriented subsidised housing PPPs address demand risk and protect the communities undergoing revitalization.

The modern-day world faces a hostile climate, depleted resources and the destruction of habitats. The dream that growth will lead to a materialistic utopia is left unfulfilled by a lack of ecological and economic capacity. The only choice... more

The modern-day world faces a hostile climate, depleted resources and the destruction of habitats. The dream that growth will lead to a materialistic utopia is left unfulfilled by a lack of ecological and economic capacity. The only choice is to find alternatives to increased growth, transform the structures and institutions currently shaping the world, change lifestyles and articulate a more credible vision for the future and lasting prosperity. As a reaction to the problems accrued by capitalism, new development approaches such as the concept of degrowth have evolved. Degrowth in Tourism explores newly-emerging development and philosophical approachesthat provide more equity for host communities and offer a low-carbon future by looking at alternatives to the classic models of development and applying the concept of degrowth in a tourism context. Proposing that we need to shift tourism research from models which prioritize commodified tourism experiences to those that offer alternative decommodified ones, this book: • Provides topical analysis and illustrates the key themes of degrowth; • Discusses the relationship between tourism and degrowth from both a historic perspective and through contemporary patterns of activity; • Includes international examples and case studies to translate theory into practical new approaches.

The Government of Canada's approach to performance measurement and reporting, though founded on solid principles, is undermined by flawed implementation. A large performance reporting "machine" generates data that are too rarely of use to... more

The Government of Canada's approach to performance measurement and reporting, though founded on solid principles, is undermined by flawed implementation. A large performance reporting "machine" generates data that are too rarely of use to public sector managers, Parliamentarians and Canadians. This paper analyzes the flaws of the current system and makes proposals for fixing it.

"Red Estatal eJalisco: The Network is Ours" by IJALTI, gathering in its pages the rationale, origins and motivation to perform this first strategy mainly emanating from the citizens of Jalisco, to enhance the development and inclusion of... more

"Red Estatal eJalisco: The Network is Ours" by IJALTI, gathering in its pages the rationale, origins and motivation to perform this first strategy mainly emanating from the citizens of Jalisco, to enhance the development and inclusion of society in the digital age (IJALTI, 2013).

In the field of identity politics and cultural identity, the representation of differences plays a crucial role. The extent of the differences a society has determines the social outcomes in divergent ways. Surely, there are other... more

In the field of identity politics and cultural identity, the representation of differences plays a crucial role. The extent of the differences a society has determines the social outcomes in divergent ways. Surely, there are other variables that cause social anxiety or communal solidarity such as religious views, socio-political conditions and also gender relations. To the point of departure, the case of homosexuality, or in a general way, the boundaries of sexuality is very controversial field so as to reveal the effects of ideologies, social conditions and historical past where all of these evolved through times. In order to understand and to reach a general view, the experiences of small towns are very decisive and unavoidable parts of such studies. As a basic explanation, that is why Arlene Stein chooses to make an ethnographic study in the USA around 1990s. In this paper, I will try to make a basic analysis of ‘The Stranger Next Door: The Story of a Small Community’s Battle Over Sex, Faith and Civil Rights’ by presenting my reading of this story and through reacting to the general points.

Impact investing is a form of investment that has risen to prominence in recent years. Compared to other forms of socially responsible investment, the most prominent feature of impact investing is a focus on measuring the social and... more

Impact investing is a form of investment that has risen to prominence in recent years. Compared to other forms of socially responsible investment, the most prominent feature of impact investing is a focus on measuring the social and environmental return that it generates. In response, much effort has been undertaken to develop effective measurement systems, but significant confusion remains around the notions of 'non-financial return' and 'impact', and their assessment in practice.

Not-guilty verdicts, mistrials, and impunity for the Bundy family and many of their supporters in the armed confrontations over public land use in Nevada and Oregon. Expanded access for private oil, gas, mining, and logging industries and... more

Not-guilty verdicts, mistrials, and impunity for the Bundy family and many of their supporters in the armed confrontations over public land use in Nevada and Oregon. Expanded access for private oil, gas, mining, and logging industries and the downsizing of national monuments such as Bears Ears lead by Secretary of the Interior Ryan Zinke. A number of highly contentious debates and sensationalized events have again focused attention on land held in the public domain by the United States. This essay argues that federal land policy as a form of colonial administration has been constitutive for the logic of expectation as property in what is now the United States. From the state land cessions negotiated on behalf of the Articles of Confederation to the preemption acts (1830–1841) to the homestead acts (1862–1916) to present-day demands for land transfer, the acquisition and disposal of the so-called public domain have been central to westward colonization, the consolidation of the nation-state, and the promise of land ownership as the ostensible foundation of individual liberty. These dynamics are evident in contemporary conflicts over public lands and arguments for the transfer of public lands to either state or private ownership. Approaching the Bundy occupations as flashpoints that illuminate competing interpretations and claims to land within the history of westward colonization, this essay seeks to demonstrate the ways in which expectation emerges from particular economies of dispossession of indigenous peoples that have historically worked through and across the division of public and private property.

To cope with climate change, less developed country like Madagascar have been invited by the United Nations to submit a National Adaptation Programs of Action (NAPA) that identifies priority projects on climate adaptation. Integrated... more

To cope with climate change, less developed country like Madagascar have been invited by the
United Nations to submit a National Adaptation Programs of Action (NAPA) that identifies
priority projects on climate adaptation. Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) is
among these priority projects. This one is also due to an update of the Governmental policy
on sustainable development of coastal and marine areas which have led to the development
of a national strategy for sustainable development of coastal and marine areas in Madagascar.
The analysis of PANA and ICZM however shows that they evolve in parallel and with few
complementarities. From a political sociology perspective and based on documentary research
and interviews conducted in Madagascar in 2013, this article will look first on how main
stakeholder have “problematized” adaptation to climate change in Madagascar. Then, this
will help us to better understand perceptions and tensions in defining problems and solutions
associated with this theme, pointing out incompatibility of perceptions and actions in order to
clarify the problems of implementation.

This is an early draft. For the actual chapter, please see the book. This chapter addresses two aspects of collection: policy and planning. Collection policy is the long-term scheme to provide funding to research, design, acquire, and... more

This is an early draft. For the actual chapter, please see the book. This chapter addresses two aspects of collection: policy and planning. Collection policy is the long-term scheme to provide funding to research, design, acquire, and sustain collection capabilities. The essence of collection planning is resource management—aligning assets with appropriate tasks with an eye to both effectiveness and efficiency. Building a collection plan involves much more than assigning platforms and sensors. While those are certainly an important part of the puzzle, there are a plethora of other challenges to work through to create an effective collection enterprise.

"The expression “mental illness” arises historically in the course of conversations about our human relational living, in an attempt to visualize some regularities that occurred in it, thinking that if we could grasp them we would be able... more

"The expression “mental illness” arises historically in the course of conversations about our human relational living, in an attempt to visualize some regularities that occurred in it, thinking that if we could grasp them we would be able to solve some difficulties that we were encountering in our living together, thinking that we could do so through formalizing them with some adequate theory that we would invent. However, to do that, we have to abstract those regularities in our living together first; we must respect ourselves accepting that naming is not a trivial aspect of what we do in our living: names have arisen in our history of living together as operational elements of coordination of our doings, and reveal regularities in that living."

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and... more

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

Voici le PDF de ma thèse sur la question du Grand Paris, soutenue en 2015.

Esta pesquisa de caráter qualitativo, descritivo, se propôs a compreender qual a contribuição, ainda que inicial, do programa Reuni para a democratização do acesso ao ensino superior, nas universidades federais no Brasil. A pesquisa... more

Esta pesquisa de caráter qualitativo, descritivo, se propôs a compreender qual a contribuição,
ainda que inicial, do programa Reuni para a democratização do acesso ao ensino superior, nas
universidades federais no Brasil. A pesquisa avaliou informações textuais e apresentações
gráficas, que se referiam: a) Número de matrículas criadas pelo programa Reuni; b) Número
de vagas criadas pelo programa Reuni; e c) Recursos financeiros disponibilizados aos
programas Reuni e Expansão, informações estas disponibilizadas pelos órgãos do Poder
Executivo Federal. De fato, houve grande expansão da educação pública superior no Brasil
após a implantação do Reuni, os resultados apresentam um aumento de cerca de 30% no
número de matrículas de2003 a 2009, um aumento de cerca de 70% no número de vagas
criadas pelo Reuni no mesmo período, e de 2005 a 2009 um aumento de 90% nos recursos
financeiros disponibilizados. Todavia, essa melhora não impactará na melhoria educacional,
enquanto não houver processo de construção e desenvolvimento do discente. É preciso
construir uma visão mais completa da qualidade da educação superior no Brasil e, para tanto,
deve-se considerar variáveis como estrutura física das Universidades, grade curricular e
projetos pedagógicos dos cursos, além da constituição do corpo docente.
Palavras-chave: Universidade Federal. Ensino Superior. Reuni. Políticas Públicas.

In recent years, hospital managers and public policy makers alike have focused considerable energy on the prospect of an imminent national shortage of hospital nurses. In response, officials have urged both increased funding for nursing... more

In recent years, hospital managers and public policy makers alike have focused considerable energy on the prospect of an imminent national shortage of hospital nurses. In response, officials have urged both increased funding for nursing schools and increased importation of foreign nurses from the Philippines and other developing countries. The study below documents that this policy direction is fundamentally misguided. There is no shortage of nurses in the United States. The number of licensed registered nurses in the country who are choosing not to work in the hospital industry due to stagnant wages and deteriorating working conditions is larger than the entire size of the imagined "shortage." Thus, there is no shortage of qualified personnelthere is simply a shortage of nurses willing to work under the current conditions created by hospital managers. Extensive survey data among both currently working nurses and those who have left the profession indicate a very strong consensus regarding the causes and potential solutions to this problem. Nurses will return to hospital work if the wages are improved and, above all, if nurse-to-patient ratios are restored to a level at which RNs believe they can provide professional care. If conditions are improved, enough nurses will be drawn back into the hospital industry to solve the alleged shortage. If, on the other hand, conditions remain stagnant or deteriorate further, new graduates of nursing schools will continue to abandon the profession in large numbers, and no increase in new graduates will suffice to keep hospitals adequately staffed. In a final section of the paper, a survey of magnet hospitals indicates that the industry can afford to implement improved staffing levels while remaining economically competitive.

In recent years, financial economists and commercial providers of governance services have created measures of corporate governance quality that collapse into one number (a governance rating or index) the multiple dimensions of a... more

In recent years, financial economists and commercial providers of governance services have created measures of corporate governance quality that collapse into one number (a governance rating or index) the multiple dimensions of a company's governance, measures which commercial providers market to institutional investors as aids for portfolio and proxy voting decisions. The aim of this Article is twofold: to analyze the effectiveness of corporate governance indices in predicting corporate performance and to consider the implications for public policy that follow from that assessment. We highlight methodological shortcomings of the extant research that claims to have identified a relation between particular governance measures and corporate performance. Our core conclusion is that there is no consistent relation between governance indices and measures of corporate performance. Namely, there is no one "best" measure of corporate governance: The most effective governance system depends on context and on firms' specific circumstances. It would therefore be difficult for an index, or any one variable, to capture nuances critical for making informed decisions. As a consequence, we conclude that governance indices are highly imperfect instruments for determining how to vote corporate proxies, let alone for making portfolio investment decisions, and that investors and policymakers should exercise caution in attempting to draw inferences regarding a firm's quality orfuture stock market performance from its ranking on any particular corporate governance measure. Most important, because there is considerable variation in the relation between indices and measures of corporate performance, our analysis suggests that corporate governance is an area where a regulatory regime of

Amazonas: ruta milenaria III trata de la forma en que se construye la idea de Amazonía como un lugar con nombre propio. Busca aportar elementos que permitan definirla y caracterizarla desde diversos ángulos: como un lugar de la... more

Amazonas: ruta milenaria III trata de la forma en que se construye la idea de Amazonía como un lugar con nombre propio. Busca aportar elementos que permitan definirla y caracterizarla desde diversos ángulos: como un lugar de la naturaleza, como un escenario de intensos y diversos procesos históricos, sociales y económicos, como repositorio de la memoria histórica de los pueblos, o como espacio percibido, simbólico y heredado, formado de gentes particulares. El objetivo final es resaltar la intensa y profunda relación entre el Amazonas (y su cuenca) y las sociedades que han habitado este lugar a lo largo de su historia, definiendo los distintos valores que la caracterizan como lugar.
Amazonía, en términos de territorio, es un espacio físico conformado por un conjunto de sistemas naturales y sociales, interrelacionados por complementariedad o por oposición, todos articulados por el Amazonas y su gran cuenca y a lo largo de su historia. Bien integrados, sus sistemas sociales (productivos, económicos, sociales y culturales) deberían permitirle aproximarse al equilibrio necesario entre naturaleza y sociedad urgente para ella. Este nuevo tomo contribuye a alcanzar un nivel de conocimiento y conciencia mayor de la realidad natural y social que la identifica, entendiéndola como sujeto de su devenir histórico y como proyección del lugar imaginado. Es a partir de un desarrollo equilibrado de los procesos sociales, junto a los sueños del futuro posible, que se debe modelar el lugar que llamamos Amazonía o, más bien, por el contrario, desde donde deberíamos dejarnos modelar por ella.
Desde una mirada no indígena, existe un lugar llamado Amazonía en el que las diversas percepciones que de ella se tienen se conjugan definiéndola como una entidad por sí misma. Sin embargo, como se discute a lo largo del primer capítulo del libro, la idea de Amazonía, desde el origen mitológico de su nombre hasta las distintas y variadas definiciones naturalísticas que de ella se tienen, desde la ciencia, el arte o como lectura de un territorio económico cotidiano, parte siempre de percepciones y conceptos preexistentes y persistentes, que interpretan la realidad objetiva a la medida de los intereses del observador y del avance de su época.

The first comprehensive and authoritative work covering the entire public sector in India, including the public sector banks and the insurance companies as well as the public sector enterprises in the states, the book begins with the... more

The first comprehensive and authoritative work covering the entire public sector in India, including the public sector banks and the insurance companies as well as the public sector enterprises in the states, the book begins with the philosophy behind the public sector and traces their evolution in India and their subsequent privatisation and disinvestment after the economic liberalisation of 1991. Based on the most up-to-date data and the latest developments, it examines the plight and options before a public sector paralysed by excessive government interference and now trapped hopelessly between the State and the market. Drawing widely upon global experiences, the book argues that disinvestment and privatisation need not be the only answer to reform the public sector companies. They can be rejuvenated and transformed into global champions if freed from the stifling controls by an unimaginative government machinery and depoliticized, with separation of the Government’s roles as shareholder, policy-maker and regulator, along with changing their holding structure.

This Report was produced just before the Law Commission of Canada was defunded by the newly elected Conservative government. The Report argued for a new governance structure to oversee policing that incorporated the rapidly increasing... more

This Report was produced just before the Law Commission of Canada was defunded by the newly elected Conservative government. The Report argued for a new governance structure to oversee policing that incorporated the rapidly increasing private security sector. The Report was presented to Parliament but received little consideration as the topic of police oversight remains politically charged and the structural reforms suggested were ambitious.

This report synthesizes findings and lessons from case studies of four diverse health care organizations participating in the Brookings–Dartmouth ACO Pilot Program, launched in 2009 to support selected provider groups that are... more

This report synthesizes findings and lessons from case studies of four diverse health care organizations participating in the Brookings–Dartmouth ACO Pilot Program, launched in 2009 to support selected provider groups that are collaborating with private payers to form accountable care organizations (ACOs). The organizations are: HealthCare Partners, a medical group/independent practice association (IPA) in Los Angeles, Calif.; Monarch HealthCare, an IPA in Orange County, Calif.; Norton Healthcare, an integrated delivery system in Louisville, Ky.; and Tucson Medical Center, a community hospital working with independent provider groups in Tucson, Ariz. Each has agreed to take responsibility for overall quality and costs of care for their patients, and each has a committed private payer partner and sufficient patient population to support comprehensive care coordination and performance measurement. The strategies they have adopted to develop internal capabilities and external partnerships can inform providers, payers, and policymakers about the process of ACO formation.     

Issue 2-Anthony Agendas, alternatives and public policies, John W. Kingdon, Boston From Chapter 1 of Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies, Update Edition,. governmental agenda in the first place, how the alternatives from which... more

Issue 2-Anthony Agendas, alternatives and public policies, John W. Kingdon, Boston From Chapter 1 of Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies, Update Edition,. governmental agenda in the first place, how the alternatives from which deci-. Agendas, alternatives, and public policies / John W. Kingdon-Trove This text remains the authoritative work on agenda setting and policy formation. This report on original research includes many dow-to-earth illustrations and Agendas, Alternatives

Background: Mental wellbeing is formed by our daily environments, which are, in turn, influenced by public policies, such as the welfare state. This paper looks at how different aspects of life conditions may mediate the welfare state... more

Background: Mental wellbeing is formed by our daily environments, which are, in turn, influenced by public policies, such as the welfare state. This paper looks at how different aspects of life conditions may mediate the welfare state effect on mental wellbeing in oldest old age.
Methods: Data were extracted from Round 6 of the European Social Survey (2012). The dataset comprised of 2058 people aged 80 years and older from 24 countries. Mediation analyses determined possible links between the welfare state, including eleven intervening variables representing life conditions and five mental wellbeing dimensions. Results: Our study confirms that the higher the level of welfare state, the better mental wellbeing, irrespective of dimension. Although several life conditions were found to mediate the welfare state effect on mental wellbeing, subjective general health, coping with income and place in society were the most important intervening variables.
Conclusions: All three variables centre around supporting autonomy in the oldest old age. By teasing out how the welfare state influences mental wellbeing in the oldest old, we can better understand the many drivers of wellbeing and enable evidence informed age-friendly policy making.