European Enlightenment Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Introduction to the volume: Women, Enlightenment and Catholicism
(Routledge: 2017).

- by Ulrich L. Lehner
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- Religion, Sociology of Religion, Theology, History of Religion

Die Geschlechterdebatte im 18. Jahrhundert war erheblich vielstimmiger, als dies von der Forschung bislang wahrgenommen wurde. Die in diesem Buch versammelten Beiträge aus Sozial-, Kultur-, Literatur-, Kunst- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte sowie Philosophie und Historischer Pädagogik gehen der Frage nach, wie und mit welchen Argumenten sich auch Frauen in die Diskussionen um Tugend, Vernunft und Gefühl einmischten und welche Auswirkungen die theoretischen Reflexionen insbesondere auf weiblich konnotierte Lebensbereiche wie Ehe und Sexualität, Mutterschaft und (Mädchen-)Erziehung, Krankheit und Körperlichkeit hatten. Die Fallstudien dokumentieren, dass Gleichheit und Differenz der Geschlechter nicht einfach als zwei konkurrierende Konzepte aufklärerischen Denkens oder als Widerspruch von Diskurs und sozialer Praxis begriffen werden können. Die Aufklärung erweist sich als zu komplex, um aus ihr weiterhin eine schlichte Fortschritts- oder Verlustgeschichte der Frauen abzuleiten.

- by Ulrike Weckel
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- Women's History, Gender History, Gender Discourse, European Enlightenment
- by Christian Grosse
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- Intellectual History, Anthropology, History of Ideas, History of Social Sciences
- by James V H Melton
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- German Studies, German History, History of Religion, Jurgen Habermas

This article deals with the textual construction of identity and the strategy of remembrance in Cvit razgovora naroda i jezika iliričkoga aliti rvackoga [The Flower of Conversation of Illyrian or Croatian people and language] (1747) by Filip Grabovac. Using the imagological analytical apparatus, the phenomenon of constituting confessional (Catholic) identity and (dominant Eastern Orthodox) alterity is discussed. The analysis focuses on textual construction or representation of confessional identities, or alterities, wherein numerous value-charged expressions are present. Given the importance of the sociohistorical context in imagological research, the paper takes into account not only the history of literature, but also the history of culture. In addition to imagological treatment, Grabovac's text is also examined within the framework of cultural memory; discursive strategies of remembrance which maintain the constructed identity are analysed , firm reference points of memory and symbolic figures to which memory adheres are identified.

- by Josipa Tomašić and +1
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- Identity (Culture), Enlightenment, Cultural Memory, European Enlightenment
- by Joanna Barker
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- European Enlightenment, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Women's education
- by Avi Lifschitz
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- German Studies, German History, Enlightenment, History of Prussia

If the greatness of a philosophical work can be measured by the volume and vehemence of the public response, there is little question that Rousseau's Social Contract stands out as a masterpiece. Within a week of its publication in 1762 it was banished from France. Soon thereafter, Rousseau fled to Geneva, where he saw the book burned in public. At the same time, many of his contemporaries, such as Kant, considered Rousseau to be “the Newton of the moral world,” as he was the first philosopher to draw attention to the basic dignity of human nature. The Social Contract has never ceased to be read in the 250 years since it was written. Rousseau's “Social Contract”: An Introduction offers a thorough and systematic tour of this notoriously paradoxical and challenging text. David Lay Williams offers readers a chapter-by-chapter reading of the Social Contract, squarely confronting these interpretive obstacles, leaving no stones unturned. The conclusion connects Rousseau's text both to his important influences and those who took inspiration and sometimes exception to his arguments. The book also features a special extended appendix dedicated to outlining his famous conception of the general will, which has been the object of controversy since the Social Contract's publication.

- by David Lay Williams
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- Intellectual History, Law, Jurisprudence, Philosophy

Το βιβλίο αυτό της Έλλης Σκοπετέα είναι μια πολύτιμη «πηγή» για να καταλάβουμε και την εκκίνηση του Ελληνικού Κράτους, αλλά και το παρόν της Ελληνικής κοινωνίας. Δηλωμένος στόχος του βιβλίου «η καταγραφή και, ως έναν εφικτό βαθμό, η κωδικοποίηση των αντιλήψεων για το ελληνικό έθνος και τον προορισμό του, όπως διαμορφώθηκαν στην Ελλάδα κατά τις πρώτες δεκαετίες της ανεξαρτησίας της». Δεν θα ήταν άστοχο να πούμε πως μελετά την κοσμογονική αλλαγή που προκάλεσε η επανάσταση του 1821 στο «νόημα» και τον τρόπο ύπαρξης του «διάσπαρτου» Ελληνικού κόσμου. Αυτή η κωδικοποίηση επαναφέρει στο οπτικό μας πεδίο ένα πολύπλοκο μωσαϊκό που έχει πλέον αποσιωπηθεί. Η επαναφορά της «πολυπλοκότητας» είναι ένα από τα κατορθώματα του βιβλίου. Βλέπουμε τις μεταμφιέσεις και τις εναλλαγές των πολιτικών αφηγημάτων που εξηγούν σε μεγάλο βαθμό πράγματα που αντιμετωπίζουμε και σήμερα.

- by Alexandros Mistriotis
- •
- European History, Modern Greek History, European Enlightenment, Balcans

RESUMEN En 1778 la ciudad de Granada se ve agitada por numerosos seísmos que preocupan a la pobla-ción. Directamente relacionado con la literatura generada desde el terremoto de Lisboa de 1755 en la ciudad surgen numerosas teorías que buscan explicar o justificar tales sucesos; varias de ellas apuntaban a la ceguera de una conocida céntrica sima-el Pozo Airón-como causa de los temblores. Así las autoridades locales decidieron contactar con la Real Sociedad de Amigos del País de Granada, en busca de axulio sobre la decisión de volver a abrir tal pozo. El resultado fue la publicación del texto el Dictamen sobre la utilidad, o inutilidad de la excavación del Pozo-Airón por parte del censor de la institución. Esta obra recogía la tradición científica previa y enta-blaba una conversación directa con las creencias más populares en la época. Palabras clave: pozo Airón, Granada, siglo xviii, terremotos, historia cultural ABSTRACT In 1778 the city of Granada was agitated by several earthquakes that worried the population. Directly related to the literature generated since the Lisbon earthquake of 1755 in the city numerous theories arise that seek to explain or justify such events; several of them pointed to the blindness of a well-known well-the pozo Airón-as a cause of the tremors. The local authorities decided to contact the Real Sociedad de Amigos del País de Granada, in search of help on the decision to reopen the well. The result was the publication of the text Dictamen sobre la utilidad, o inutilidad de la excavación del Pozo-Airón by the censor of the institution. This work gathered the previous scientific tradition and engaged in a direct conversation with the most popular beliefs at the time.

- by Julen Ibarburu Antón
- •
- History, Modern History, History of Science, Enlightenment
- by Anton Matytsin
- •
- Intellectual History, French Literature, French History, Enlightenment
- by Antonia Ruspolini
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- European Enlightenment, Marquês de Pombal

Η ζωή, η δράση και το τραγικό τέλος του πρωτεργάτη του Νεοελληνικού Διαφωτισμού και πρόδρομου της Επανάστασης του 1821 εθνομάρτυρα Ρήγα Βελεστινλή ή Φεραίου. The life, action and tragic end of the pioneer of Modern Greek Enlightenment and... more

This study examines a little-known case of Enlightenment knowledge transmission centred on the rock-cut monument of Darius I at Bīsotūn in western Iran. It discusses a report on the monument published by the cartographer and historian Jean-Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville, which originated with the Decalced Carmelite monk Emmanuel de Saint-Albert (born Jean-Claude Ballyet); who transmitted it to Isaac Bellet, a doctor involved in secret negotiations in Constantinople; who in turn sent it to Louis, Duke d'Orléans, in Paris; who passed it on to d'Anville. The collison of scholarly interest, political service and scientific personality offers a fascinating case study of the Enlightenment 'republic of letters' in action.

- by D.T. Potts
- •
- History, Near Eastern Archaeology, Ottoman History, Iranian Archaeology

Il ritratto di una signora, in un elegante abito di raso color pesca, lo sguardo rivolto all'orizzonte, cattura la nostra at-tenzione da una teca del Museo di Palazzo Poggi a Bologna. Osservandola meglio, ci si accorge, però, che non è intenta a pregare, né a sorseggiare una tazza di té: si appresta, in-vece, a dissezionare un cervello umano. Forse il nome di Anna Manzolini Morandi non dirà granché alla maggior parte delle persone, eppure questa donna moderna, curiosa, colta e piena di talento ha avuto un ruolo importantissimo nella produzione di cere anatomiche settecentesche. Scul-trice e anatomista, insegnò nella sua casa-laboratorio a Bo-logna, città dove nel 1711 era stato costituito l'Istituto delle Scienze, e realizzò sculture anatomiche per la formazione di studenti universitari in medicina, di futuri chirurghi e di ostetriche. Rebecca Messbarger ne ricostruisce la biografia, regalandoci il ritratto di una protagonista degli studi anato-mici, fino ad allora sempre ritenuti territorio esclusivo degli uomini.

- by Rebecca Messbarger
- •
- Cultural History, Women's History, Medicine, European Enlightenment

In recent years the seventeenth century Ethiopian philosopher Zera Yacob has been championed as a modern rationalist philosopher and forerunner of human rights, whose work uniquely preempted concepts traditionally attributed to European Enlightenment figures such as Locke, Descartes, Hume, and Kant. This interpretation of Yacob has proved particularly useful to scholars arguing for the recognition of Ethiopia's indigenous philosophical tradition in reaction to historical Eurocentrism. In contrast, Belayneh Girma (2017), argues that Yacob's reputation as an Enlightenment rationalist has no credible basis, a provocative dissent which does not appear to have been engaged in the literature. This article examines scholarly claims for both Yacob's apparently unique philosophical contributions and his relationship to the Enlightenment, using both an original assessment of Yacob's work, and application of Belayneh's critique. It concludes that despite being an innovator in his own environment, and despite his intellectual independence from the European philosophical tradition, Yacob was neither a precursor to, nor a participant in, the distinctively rationalist continuum of Enlightenment thought.

- by Jonathan Burke
- •
- African Studies, Philosophy, African Philosophy, Ethiopian Studies

Μία σύντομη εισαγωγή στο ερώτημα πώς προσλαμβάνει ο σύγχρονος Έλληνας τη δική του ιστορία και πώς προσεγγίζει τη θέση του μέσα σε αυτήν.

Frederick II of Prussia (1712–1786), best known as Frederick the Great, was a prolific writer of philosophical discourses, poems, epics, satires, and more, while maintaining extensive correspondence with prominent intellectuals, Voltaire... more

- by Avi Lifschitz
- •
- European History, German Studies, German History, Enlightenment

Cultural and architectural history of Teylers Museum in Haarlem, the oldest museum gallery in the Netherlands and the only one in the world which has retained its original 18th-century interior. Founded as a centre for research and knowledge according to the ideals of the Enlightenment, the museum's collections were initially assembled for educational and didactic purposes.

The article analyzes the media logic of urban acts of communication in early modern German cities. As is demonstrated by Cologne and Hamburg in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, the growing use of print (particularly pamphlets) moved local conflict away from face-to-face confrontation into progressively more multifaceted modes of communication, increasingly expressed in both manuscript and print. In highlighting the mediality of early modern urban culture, the changing relationship between the urban community, public opinion, and forms of communication is addressed. The resulting effect from the interplay and complementation of oral, written, and printed means of communication is described as echoes that formed an urban resonating box—a constant polyphonic state including both the literate and illiterate.

- by Daniel Bellingradt
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- Literacy, Communication, Public Opinion, Early Modern History
- by Gökay Çınar
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- European Studies, Enlightenment, European Union, Rule of Law

Речь К.Г. Лангера, профессора Императорского Московского университета в 1764–1774 гг., — первая оригинальная публикация по политической науке в Московском университете. Проблемное и предметное поле и междисциплинарные связи этой дисциплины автор определил на основе анализа европейских трудов по политике, праву, географии, истории и экономике. Речь отразила процесс становления политической науки в XVI–XVIII вв. в Европе, преимущественно в немецких университетах, и оказала влияние на ее преподавание Московском университете.
The Speech on the limits and the most important representatives of political science by K. Langer, a professor of the Imperial Moscow University in 1764–1774, is the first original publication on political science in the Moscow University. The scholar has defined political science based on an analysis of European works on politics, law, geography, history and economics. The Speech reflected the process of development of political science in 16th–18th centuries in Europe, mostly in German universities, and influenced on teaching political science in the Moscow University.

- by Andrey Topychkanov
- •
- Latin Literature, Political Science, Russian Politics, Enlightenment

Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Fundamental Political Writings includes the Social Contract, Discourse on the Sciences and the Arts, Discourse on the Origins of Inequality, and “Preface to Narcissus.” Each text has been newly translated, and includes a full complement of explanatory notes. The editors’ introduction offers students diverse points of entry into some of the distinctive possibilities and challenges of each of these fundamental texts, as well as an introduction to Rousseau’s life and historical situation, from his early years in Geneva to his final years in relative solitude. Each text is accompanied by images from the original editions. The volume also includes annotated appendices that help students to explore the origins and influences of Rousseau’s work, including excerpts from Hobbes, Pascal, Descartes, Mandeville, Diderot, Voltaire, Madame de Staël, Benjamin Constant, Joseph de Maistre, Kant, Hegel, and Engels.

This book reassesses Primo Levi’s Holocaust texts in light of the posthumanist theories of Adorno, Levinas, Lyotard, and Foucault which together critique humanist notions of subjectivity, ethics, culture, and science. I argue that Levi positions himself as an exemplary subject of Western modernity who experiences and interprets Auschwitz through the lens of Enlightenment humanism. Even as Levi speaks for the victims, his texts suggest that Holocaust writing framed by humanist assumptions risks complicity with the murderous master narratives of Nazism that it seeks to overturn. My book explores the consequences of this potential complicity for the future of the humanist subject.
Reviewed in The Journal of the Association for the Study of Modern Italy. See https://doi.org/10.1080/13532944.2012.756706

- by Jonathan Druker
- •
- Posthumanism, Theodor Adorno, Theodicy, Émmanuel Lévinas

RESUMEN: El Setecientos, Siglo de las Luces, supuso para Europa y para España una eclosión de novedades y avances en el terreno cultural y científico. La enseñanza de las ciencias con el paradigma de los conocimientos útiles se convirtió en uno de los grandes objetivos de los ministros ilustrados. Se han dedicado abundantes páginas, y de calidad, a glosar la formación y los progresos de las grandes instituciones creadas-las Reales Academias-en la Corte y en otras capitales de provincias. Lo novedoso, que aquí se intenta presentar, es el conocimiento de unas corporaciones docentes,-Academias de Aritmética y de Dibujo-en un núcleo de población mediano, con pretensiones discretas, pero perfectamente reglamentadas, dentro del mejor espíritu ilustrado vigente.// ABSTRACT The XVIII th century, Age of Enlightenment, meant to Europe and Spain the blossoming of novelties and advances in the cultural and scientific field. The teaching of sciences along with the paradigm of useful knowledge became one of the greatest aims of Enlighted ministers. Plenty of quality pages have been dedicated to gloss the formation and progresses of the great institutions-the Royal Academies-founded in Court and in other provinces' capitals. The innovative, thing which is intended to be presented here, is the awareness of some educational institutions,-Arithmetic and Drawing Academies-in a medium population centre, with discreet intentions, but perfectly regulated, inside the best current Enlighted spirit.

- by Carola Cecchi
- •
- Theatre History, Enlightenment, Italian Theatre, European Enlightenment

Este artículo presenta de forma divulgativa y ordenada el pensa-miento de la filósofa Marina Garcés. Siguiendo los cuatro momentos básicos en los que la filosofía clásica suele es-tructurarse, exponemos su epistemolo-gía, su ontología, su ética y su política, insistiendo siempre en el carácter prác-tico de su pensamiento. Palabras clave: Marina Garcés, Ilustra-ción, Ilustración radical, Posmoderni-dad. Abstract: This article presents in an informative and orderly way the thought of the philosopher Marina Garcés. Following the four basic moments in which classical philosophy is usually struc-tured, we expose its epistemology, its ontology, its ethics and its politics, insisting on te practical nature of its thought.

Rassegna critica delle reazioni alla pubblicazione del "Viaggio a Parigi e Londra" di Pietro e Alessandro Verri (1980). Attraverso alcune analisi offerte dalla rassegna, determinazioni circa la tipologia della corrispondenza epistolare,... more