French Polynesia Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

● NZ HERITAGE BOOK AWARD 2019
● Two KA PALAPALA PO'OKELA AWARDS 2019
● STORYLINES NOTABLE BOOK AWARD 2019
● Best of 2019 - Radio New Zealand National: 'absolutely one of the best books I have ever read'
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
AUTHOR WEBSITE: https://authors.org.nz/author/andrewcrowe/
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

- by andrew crowe
- •
- Geography, Pacific Island Studies, Polynesian Studies, Natural History

En 1971, la France dispose de la force de dissuasion planifiée au début de la Ve République : des Mirage IV dotés de bombes de 60 kt (quatre fois la puissance déployée à Hiroshima), des missiles sol-sol au plateau d’Albion (150 kt), ceux de la force océanique, embarqués dans des sous-marins, d’une puissance nominale de 500 kt. À quel prix ? Les 193 essais aériens puis souterrains, réalisés au Centre d’Expérimentation du Pacifique de 1966 à 1996 n’ont pas seulement impacté l’écosystème des atolls de Moruroa et Fangataufa où ils ont été tiré : ils ont bouleversé la vie de l’ensemble des Polynésiens, qu’ils aient été concernés, travailleurs et riverains des sites, par les retombées radioactives, ou que leur mode de vie ait été transformé par la gigantesque entreprise qui a mobilisé une centaine de milliers d’hommes et des milliards de francs, des Marquises à Bora-Bora. Écrire l’histoire d’un deuxième contact, après la « découverte » de la Polynésie, et les différentes facettes de cette rencontre entre deux mondes, voici l’ambition de ce livre.

- by Renaud Meltz
- •
- Pacific Island Studies, Postcolonial Studies, Nuclear Weapons, French Polynesia

Absrruct. - This paper presents a new method based on different types of digital data (SPOT satellite scene, digital geological map and digital terrain model) for multicriterial analysis and digital mapping of landslides hazards in the Tahiti Island (French Polynesia, southern Pacific). The interest of three dimensional views combining the digital terrain model and the SPOT image for instability assessment, is outlined. After visual recognition, data are processed numerically to extract individual map for each risk factor. Pattern recognition and geographical information system (GIS) tools are used and described. Binarised risk factors maps are crossed to produce maps of risk accumulation for landslides. Further developments and improvements of the method are proposed.

- by richard guillande
- •
- Geology, Pattern Recognition, Digital mapping, Risk factors
- by Olivier Bauer
- •
- Sociology, Pentecostalism, Oceania, French Polynesia
- by Pascal Bach
- •
- Evolutionary algorithms, Coevolution, Artificial Life, Neural Networks

A hybrid method, coupling a ray tracing method and a finite difference approach, is proposed for modelling T-wave propagation from an underwater source to an on-land seismic station. The long-range hydroacoustic wavefield, estimated in the SOFAR channel by the Maslov approach, shows many triplications of propagation with an increasing number of caustics as the range increases. Ray tracing approaches lead to a straightforward analysis of the SOFAR propagation: we find that the duration and the amplitude of the hydroacoustic T waves generated by a source close to the SOFAR axis may be respectively eight times longer and almost seven times higher than the duration and the amplitude of hydroacoustic T waves generated by a source close to the SOFAR limits. The finite difference modelling handles the complex hydroacoustic–seismi c T-wave conversion on atoll shores with an illustration of seismic T waves recorded during the Midplate experiment in 1989. Two different seismic stations, FGA on the Fangataufa Atoll and DIN on the Mururoa Atoll, both in French Polynesia, have recorded the seismic T waves due to an underwater chemical blast at a distance greater than 900 km. Synthetic seismograms computed by our proposed hybrid method are close enough to the real data for quantitative interpretation. We believe that the input model structure is accurate enough to allow such analysis of the seismic T waves. The numerical simulation shows that the seismic T waves recorded at both stations are mainly composed of P phases and Rayleigh phases. The simulation shows that the seismic T-wave duration is often linked to the source depth, although other factors (the continental slope or the distance between the top of the continental slope and the seismic station) may also affect the signal duration.

- by Stéphane Gaffet
- •
- Geology, Geophysics, Numerical Modelling, Numerical Simulation

Between 1966 and 1974, France performed 41 atmospheric nuclear weapon tests in the Mururoa and Fangataufa atolls in French Polynesia. We performed a geographic analysis of thyroid cancer incidence, using data from the cancer registry of French Polynesia, medical evacuation files, insurance records and hospital and pathology laboratory files. A total of 153 thyroid cancers were diagnosed between 1985 and 1995 in the population born before 1976 and residing in French Polynesia. The incidence of thyroid cancer was 2-3 times larger in French Polynesia than in Maoris of New Zealand and Hawaiians of Hawaii. Based on few cases, a nonsignificant (p = 0.1) increase with decreasing distance between Mururoa and the birth place was observed in women born between 1950 and 1975 for thyroid cancer. Because the difference between Polynesian and reference populations was not larger for Polynesians who were children during the tests than for Polynesians born earlier; as would be expected in the case ...

- by Florent de Vathaire
- •
- Polynesia, Adolescent, Thyroid Cancer, Humans

Increasingly marked by ethnic resettlement, large-scale development and the destruction of cultural places, today's world challenges the essential bond between indigenous peoples and the land. Popular ideas about the supportive role of long-term, phenomenological links to place and heritage appear to be losing their relevance. Yet, a closer look at the complexity of human connections to place reveals how painful memories and discomfort can also generate strong bonds that affirm community and cultural cohesiveness. Place-making in indigenous heritage landscapes marked by colonialism is often ambivalent, evoking Ruth Benedict's observation that the sacred ‘may be a source of peril or it may be a source of blessing’ (1934:28). Though the actual meaning of places may be fraught, a shared approach to such heritage can bind communities together, overcoming historic silences and a violent past. With specific reference to ethnographic research in the Marquesas Islands of French Polynesia, I illustrate the contingency of indigenous processes of place-making that are based in personal belief, discomfort and colonialism as much as affirmative interaction with the physical world.

- by Emily C . Donaldson
- •
- Indigenous Studies, Cultural Heritage, Heritage Studies, Phenomenology
- by Anthony Hildenbrand
- •
- Earth Sciences, Silica, Physical sciences, Partial Melting

A temporary network of 10 broad-band seismic stations has been installed in French Polynesia for the Polynesian Lithosphere and Upper Mantle Experiment (PLUME). All the seismic stations were installed either on volcanic islands or on atolls of the various archipelagos of French Polynesia in a manner which complements the geographic coverage provided by the regional permanent stations. The primary aim of PLUME is to image the upper mantle structures related to plate motion and hotspot activity. However, because of its proximity to all sites, the ocean is responsible for a high level of noise in the seismic data and we show that these data can also be used to analyse ocean wave activity. The power spectral density (PSD) analyses of the seismic data recorded in French Polynesia show clear peaks in the 0.05–0.10 Hz band (periods between 10 and 20 s), which corresponds to swell frequencies. Clear peaks in this frequency band are also observed in infrasonic data recorded on Tahiti. Ground motion analysis shows that the swell-related seismic noise (SRSN) is linearly polarized in the horizontal plane and its amplitude decreases rapidly with the distance from the shore. The microseismic and the infrasonic ‘noise’ amplitudes show very similar variations from station to station and both are strongly correlated with the swell amplitudes predicted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), wind-forced, ‘WaveWatch’ models. The swell direction can be estimated from SRSN polarization analysis but this has to be done with care since, for some cases, the ground motions are strongly controlled by the islands' anisometric shapes and by swell refraction processes. We find cases, however, such as Tahiti or roughly circular Tuamotu atolls, where the azimuth of the swell is in good agreement with the seismic estimates. We, therefore, demonstrate that the SRSN and the infrasonic signal observed in French Polynesia can be used in such cases as a proxy for swell amplitude and azimuth. From the continuous analysis of the data recorded in 2003 at the permanent seismic station PPTL in Tahiti, transfer functions have been obtained. This could provide a way to quantify the swell activity during the last two decades and, therefore, assist in the investigation of climate changes.

- by Keitapu Maamaatuaiahutapu and +1
- •
- Geology, Geophysics, Climate Change, Geomatic Engineering

1er code éthique français visant à encadrer les recherches impliquant les populations autochtones et locales.

- by Thomas BURELLI
- •
- Ethics, Cultural Heritage, Traditional Ecological Knowledge, Indigenous Knowledge
- by Lorenz Gonschor
- •
- Current Affairs, French Polynesia
- by Pascale Chabanet
- •
- Bias, New Caledonia, Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences

Following field studies in 2018 the Odonata fauna of Society Islands, French Polynesia is reviewed and the validity of all records analysed. An updated species list is provided, bringing the number of breeding species recorded from this island group to ten.
Field studies targeted Hemicordulia Selys, 1870 specimens for inclusion in the revision of the Pacific representatives of the genus. Samples were taken mainly from Tahiti and Raiatea, with some additional specimens collected from Bora Bora and Huahine. Only the Society Islands endemic H. oceanica Selys, 1871 was encountered on all four islands, being recorded from Bora Bora for the first time. At least one new species of Hemicordulia has been reported from the high mountain areas of Tahiti (Jacq et al. 2009; 2014).
The present study also emphasises the need for a revision of Zygoptera records from the French Polynesia and the rest of the Pacific. Presently, about 25 endemic species provisionally assigned to Ischnura Charpentier, 1840 and Hivaagrion Hämäläinen & Marinov, 2014 are known from the Society, Austral and Marquesas island groups (R. Englund, J. Jacq, T. Ramage, D. Polhemus, per. comm.). Only seven of them have been described so far. Detailed morphological and molecular analyses will likely prove the separate generic status of some of the species presently included under Ischnura.

- by Fred JACQ
- •
- Pacific Island Studies, Odonata, French Polynesia, Society Islands
- by Natacha Gagné
- •
- Anthropology, Indigenous Studies, Pacific Island Studies, Political Anthropology

« Un médecin gouvernait seul, pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, une région entière du Cameroun. Il tentait d’y réaliser une utopie où la médecine guiderait toute la politique et où la politique deviendrait thérapie sociale… »
L’histoire du docteur David ressemble à un rêve exaucé : celui d’un monde réinventé par les médecins. Elle rappelle que les colonies furent, pour les hérauts de la santé publique, des espaces d’exception affranchis des contraintes de la politique ordinaire, propices aux expériences grandeur nature. Celles de cet officier des Troupes coloniales furent totales. Les autorités françaises les présentèrent comme des succès. Les archives et les témoignages en livrent une image plus troublante.
Guillaume Lachenal retrace ici le destin d’une utopie, en entrecroisant l’itinéraire de son maître d’œuvre et le récit captivant d’une enquête de terrain, qui l’a conduit de l’Afrique aux îles du Pacifique. Dans les lieux et les paysages marqués par les aventures impériales du docteur David, dans la végétation, les objets, les chansons, les mémoires ou les ruines, il découvre que cette histoire se conjugue au présent. C’est une histoire toujours vive, faite de promesses impossibles, de violence, de rêves de grandeur, de désir d’échec et de rendez-vous manqués, où l’attente du futur s’abîme dans la comédie tragique du pouvoir.

- by Guillaume Lachenal
- •
- African Studies, History of Medicine, Utopian Studies, Global Health
- by Pascal Bach
- •
- Experimental Research, French Polynesia
- by Fred JACQ and +1
- •
- Pacific Island Studies, Marine Protected Areas, Land-use planning, Protected areas
- by Thibault RAMAGE and +1
- •
- Botany, Entomology, Ornithology, Ecotourism

En Polynésie française, le rahui est aujourd’hui présenté comme étant un mécanisme fer de lance en matière de protection de l’environnement et de lutte contre les changements climatiques. Il s’articule en droit polynésien sur différents dispositifs ressortissant à l’environnement et l’économie bleue. Pourtant, cette utilisation contemporaine très administrée et centralisatrice semble bien éloignée des définitions de ce mécanisme traditionnellement fondé sur le pluralisme juridique. Il est ainsi possible de se poser la question de savoir si l’utilisation en droit positif de cette notion, ne s’apparente pas plutôt à une forme de « rahui-washing ».

- by Hervé Raimana LALLEMANT-MOE
- •
- Marine Protected Areas, French Polynesia

The 2017 Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) was negotiated at the UN over the objections of nuclear-armed and -allied states and established a global categorical ban on nuclear weapons framed in terms of humanitarianism, human rights and environmentalism. The TPNW also placed ‘positive obligations’ on states to assist victims of nuclear weapons use and testing and remediate contaminated environments. States and NGOs from the Pacific region advocated for a strong treaty text, particularly its positive obligations. They were influenced by the region’s history as a site of nuclear weapons testing in Marshall Islands, Kiribati and French Polynesia/Te Ao Maohi; the 1985 South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone’s precedent; and earlier diplomatic efforts and activism linking denuclearization with decolonization. In doing so, Pacific and other formerly colonized states flipped the ‘standard of civilization’ script embedded in humanitarian disarmament law and applied it to their former colonizers. The paper demonstrates the agency of small states—the ‘-Pacific’ part of ‘Asia-Pacific’—in multilateral policymaking on peace and security, often overlooked in international relations scholarship. It draws on my participant observation in the Nobel Peace Prize-winning advocacy of the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN) during the TPNW negotiations.

- by Fred JACQ
- •
- Pacific Island Studies, Invasive Species, Wildlife Conservation, Protected areas
- by Fred JACQ and +1
- •
- Botany, Entomology, Pacific Island Studies, Conservation Biology

Cet ouvrage se consacre exclusivement à l'étude du droit de l'environnement polynésien stricto sensu. Il ne remplace en aucun cas les manuels de référence généraux de la matière et permet plutôt de les compléter sous l'angle du droit applicable en Polynésie française. Il constitue une introduction à l'étude du droit polynésien de l'environnement, principalement centré sur l'étude et la présentation synthétique des dispositions du code de l'environnement localement applicable, ainsi qu'une approche sur la prise en compte juridique des changements climatiques.

- by Selena McMillan and +1
- •
- Cucumber, French Polynesia, Host Specificity, Intraspecific Competition

Ang ating bansang Pilipinas at ang Rapa Nui (RN) o Easter Island at Polynesyang Pranses (PP) o French Polynesia ay may iisang Austronesyanong pinagmulan. Makikita ang pagkakaisang ito sa larangan ng linggwistika, henetika, etnograpiya, at arkeolohiya. Noong 2014, naglakbay ang may-akda sa RN at PP upang pag-aralan ang ugnayang ito. Sa papel na ito, unang tatalakayin ang mga ebidensyang linggwistikal. Pagkatapos, dadako sa kaparehong interesanteng patunay sa larangan ng henetika. Tatapusin ang artikulo sa pagtalakay ng pagkakaisa sa mga dating relihiyon. Ang una sa pagkakaisa sa mga relihiyong ito ang pagtatangi sa mga yumaong ninuno. Ang pangalawa nama’y ang pagtatangi sa mga anito na pinaniniwalaang nananahan sa tatlong antas ng Austronesyanong kosmos. Hinubog ng mga paniniwalang ito ang lahat ng aspeto ng pamumuhay nila. Matingkad ang pagkakaisa ng mga pamayanan ng mga Austronesyano. May iisang diwa ang nananalaytay sa ating bansa at sa mga nasabing pinakamalayong lupaing inabot ng ating iisang ninuno.

Le gouvernement de Polynésie française s’est
engagé en novembre 2013 à protéger au moins 20%
des eaux polynésiennes d’ici 2020. En juin 2014, plus
de 50 associations de Polynésie française ont
soutenu cet objectif à travers le message de la
pirogue Hokule’a. Les îles Australes présentent des
opportunités de conservation majeures, avec une
richesse extraordinaire des écosystèmes marins et
un intérêt marqué de la population des îles pour la
protection de leur patrimoine. De juin à décembre
2014, les conseils municipaux des cinq îles habitées
des Australes ont voté une délibération appelant à la
création d’une grande Aire Marine Protégée (AMP)
dans les eaux de leur archipel. Le gouvernement a
entendu ce message et annoncé en novembre 2014
la création future d’une grande AMP dans les eaux
des Australes, lors du Congrès Mondial des Parcs à
Sydney. En mai 2014, le gouvernement de Polynésie
française a invité The Pew Charitable Trusts à
travailler sur un état des lieux scientifique de
l’environnement marin des Australes ; le présent
ouvrage vise à répondre à cette requête. L’objectif de
ce rapport est d’établir un diagnostic détaillé et
partagé des connaissances disponibles sur le milieu
marin de l’archipel des Australes, du littoral jusqu’à
l’océan du large, et des relations entre les insulaires
des Australes et leur environnement marin. Cet état
des lieux participatif et pluridisciplinaire offrira un
socle de connaissance solide sur lequel pourront être
définies des mesures de conservation adaptées, par
le gouvernement et les populations locales.

- by Christophe Misselis and +17
- •
- Marine Protected Areas, Marine biodiversity, Marine Biology, Environment, Conservation, French Polynesia

Contemporary literatures of the Caribbean, the Indian Ocean and Oceania, littérature contemporaine, littératures contemporaines, littératures francophone, francophone literature, Caribbean, Indian Ocean, Oceania, Océnie, océan Indien,... more

- by Károly Sándor Pallai
- •
- Comparative Literature, Self and Identity, Literature, Poetry

Rjabchikov, S.V., 2016. The Rongorongo Script Has Been Deciphered. Polynesia Newsletter, 6, p. 5.

Keywords: Rjabchikov, Riabchikov, Ryabchikov, Easter Island, Rapanui, Rapa Nui, Polynesia, rongorongo, script, writing

- by Sergei Rjabchikov
- •
- Religion, Ancient History, Archaeology, Folklore
- by Matthew Prebble
- •
- Earth Sciences, Pacific Islands, History and archaeology, Late Holocene

This PhD thesis presents an anthropological analysis of informal education activities among two French autochthonous communities: the Wayana-Apalaï people, living in French Guiana, and the Enata people, in French Polynesia. Thanks to the data gathered through a long term ethnographic fieldwork, it was determined the time dedicated to educational interactions in the domestic environment, the dominant educational styles and the educational logic of both communities. The educational dynamic has been interpreted as a process of transmission of cultural data related to a natural and social landscape. The results obtained show that educational strategies applied by Wayana-Apalaï and Enata educators are shaped by the constraints of the post-colonial dynamics and the requirements imposed by the global market economy.

- by Maurizio Alì
- •
- Ethnic Studies, Anthropology, Multiculturalism, Education

Rjabchikov, Sergei V., 2018. The Bird-man Cult in the Rapanui Rock Art and Oral Literature. Polynesia Newsletter, 16, pp. 2-32. Keywords: writing, rongorongo, folklore, rock art, Rapanui, Rapa Nui, Easter Island, Polynesia, Quechua,... more

- by Sergei Rjabchikov
- •
- Religion, Mythology And Folklore, Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology

Résumé : En Polynésie française, la « stratégie autochtone » qui se rapporte au mouvement mondial autochtone et aux normes de l'ONU concernant les droits autochtones est relativement nouvelle dans le combat pour recouvrer la souveraineté. Les individus et les associations commencèrent seulement à explorer les possibilités offertes par cette stratégie au milieu des années 1990 et celle-ci occupe toujours une place marginale dans le champ politique de ce territoire français. Cet article explore comment l'autochtonie et les droits autochtones sont compris et se déploient localement, en s'appuyant sur les actions et voix locales, lesquelles sont situées dans leurs contextes local et national. Il montre comment le cadre des luttes des Peuples autochtones en Polynésie française diffère radicalement de celui des peuples qui ont été vus comme étant emblématiques de la catégorie « Peuples autochtones ».
Abstract: In French Polynesia, the " Indigenous strategy " in reference to the world Indigenous movement and UN Indigenous right instruments is a relatively new one in the struggle to recover sovereignty. Individuals and volunteer associations only began to explore the possibilities of this strategy in the mid-1990s, and it continues to hold a marginal place in the political field of this French territory. This article explores how indigeneity and Indigenous rights are understood and enacted locally, drawing on local voices and actions within a local and national context. It shows how the framework for the struggles of the Indigenous peoples in French Polynesia differs radically from those of other peoples who have been seen as emblematic of the category " Indigenous peoples. "

- by Jennifer Kahn
- •
- Ethnohistory, Demography, Settlement Patterns, Polynesian Studies

Ce guide présente les 23 Espèces Exotiques Envahissantes (EEE) recensées entre 2015 et 2017 dans la vallée de Aratā’o, sur l'île de Raiatea, dans l’archipel de la Société, en Polynésie française. Cette vallée fait partie du « Paysage culturel Taputapuatea » inscrit au patrimoine mondiale de l’humanité UNESCO depuis 2017.
Au total, 16 plantes et 7 animaux (vertébrés et invertébrés) y sont décrits en français et en reo maohi puis cartographiés. En raison de leur impact écologique avéré ou potentiel en Polynésie française, elles ont été officiellement déclarées « espèces menaçant la biodiversité ». Leur plantation et multiplication est formellement interdite, ainsi que leur transport d’île en île.
Ce guide présente également dix arbres ou arbustes, indigènes ou endémiques, qu’il est conseillé de planter après le contrôle des Espèces Exotiques Envahissantes (EEE) végétales. Ces ligneux ont été sélectionnés pour leur germination et croissance rapide, la facilité de trouver des graines ou boutures, leur fertilité précoce et parfois leur capacité à attirer les animaux sauvages disséminateurs de graines (oiseaux). Ces espèces sont également considérées comme « plantes patrimoniales » pour des raisons écologiques, scientifiques (endémiques) et/ou culturelles (usages, rituels, légendes).

- by Fred JACQ
- •
- Pacific Island Studies, Unesco, Invasive Species, Restauration and Conservation