Labeling Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Book with numerous chapter concerning warning signs and labels.

Florida law allows judges to withhold adjudication of guilt for individ-uals who have been found guilty of a felony and are being sentenced to probation. Such individuals lose no civil rights and may lawfully assert they had not been... more

Florida law allows judges to withhold adjudication of guilt for individ-uals who have been found guilty of a felony and are being sentenced to probation. Such individuals lose no civil rights and may lawfully assert they had not been convicted of a felony. Labeling theory would predict ...

The basic goal of safety programmes and hazard analysis is to prevent personal injury and property damage. Warnings, the topic of this chapter, are one of several methods that can be used to defend against hannful outcomes. Warnings may... more

The basic goal of safety programmes and hazard analysis is to prevent personal injury and property damage. Warnings, the topic of this chapter, are one of several methods that can be used to defend against hannful outcomes. Warnings may be delivered by signs, on labels, in product manuals, and in other ways described later. The two principal purposes of warnings are to communicate information about potential hazards effectively and to reduce unsafe behaviour that might otherwise occur without their presence. However, warnings are not the best injury-prevention strategy to use (by themselves), particularly if other more effective methods can be employed instead of, or in addition to, warnings.

Qualitative research provides opportunities to study bullying and peer harassment as social processes, interactions and meaning-making in the everyday context of particular settings. It offers the possibility of developing a deep... more

Qualitative research provides opportunities to study bullying and peer harassment as social processes, interactions and meaning-making in the everyday context of particular settings. It offers the possibility of developing a deep understanding of the culture and group processes of bullying and the participants’ perspectives on peer harassment as well. It gives participants opportunities to discuss their own understanding and experiences of bullying in their own words. This article reviews qualitative studies on bullying or peer harassment in school (including some studies in which qualitative and quantitative methods — so-called mixed methods — have been used).

This study shows how labels anchored in unconscious bias can contribute to the gender institution. It draws on interviews with women leaders in Canadian for-profit organizations to illustrate how labels relate to unconscious bias towards... more

This study shows how labels anchored in unconscious bias can contribute to the gender institution. It draws on interviews with women leaders in Canadian for-profit organizations to illustrate how labels relate to unconscious bias towards women leaders, how labels delegitimize or legitimize women leaders, and how women leaders react to labels. Guided by these results, the study theorizes how the micro-level practice of labeling anchored in unconscious bias can uphold or disrupt gender categories and associated gendered social roles, thus shaping the gender institution.

This chapter introduces several major warning-related concepts. Topics include the plll'poses of warnings and their place in the hazard control hierarchy. The who, what, when and where of warnings are described, followed by a discussion... more

This chapter introduces several major warning-related concepts. Topics include the plll'poses of warnings and their place in the hazard control hierarchy. The who, what, when and where of warnings are described, followed by a discussion of the concepts of hazard control hierarchy and warning systems. A table of generalized design guidelines derived from the warning literature is presented. Lastly, testing using participants from the target population is recommended to verify warning effectiveness.

The aim of this study was to investigate how individuals;who had been victims of school bullying;perceived their bullying experiences and how these had affected them;and to generate a grounded theory of being a victim of bullying at... more

The aim of this study was to investigate how individuals;who had been victims of school bullying;perceived their bullying experiences and how these had affected them;and to generate a grounded theory of being a victim of bullying at school. Twenty-one individuals;who all had prior experiences of being bullied in school for more than one year;were interviewed. Qualitative analysis of data was performed by methods from grounded theory. The research identified a basic process of victimising in school bullying;which consisted of four phases: (a) initial attacks;(b) double victimising;(c) bullying exit and (d) after-effects of bullying. Double victimising refers to a process in which there was an interplay between external victimising and internal victimising. Acts of harassment were repeatedly directed at the victims from their social environment at school – a social process that constructed and repeatedly confirmed their victim role in the class or the group. This external victimising affected the victims and initiated an internal victimising;which meant that they internalised the socially constructed victim-image and acted upon this image;which in turn often supported the bullies’ agenda and confirmed the socially constructed victim-image. The findings also indicate the possible positive effect of changing the social environment.

Edwin M. Lemert
Devianza, problemi sociali
e forme di controllo
a cura di Cirus Rinaldi
Meltemi 2019

The aim of the present study was to explore how teenagers explain why bullying takes place at school, and whether there were any differences in explaining bullying due to gender and prior bullying experiences. One hundred and seventy-six... more

The aim of the present study was to explore how teenagers explain why bullying takes place at school, and whether there were any differences in explaining bullying due to gender and prior bullying experiences. One hundred and seventy-six Swedish students in Grade 9 responded to a questionnaire. Mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative methods) were used to analyze data. The grounded theory analysis generated five main categories and 26 sub categories regarding accounts of bullying causes. Results indicated that youth tended to explain bullying in terms of individualistic reasons (bully attributing and victim attributing) than in terms of peer group, school setting, or human nature/society reasons. Girls were more likely to attribute bullying causes to the bully and much less to the victim, compared to boys. Moreover, youth classified as bullies were more likely to attribute the reason for bullying to the victim and much less to the bully, compared to victims, bystanders, and victims/bullies.

4 Murphy, Elliot and Jae-Young Shim. 2020. Copy invisibility and (non-)categorial labeling. Linguistic Research 37(2), 187-215. In contrast to dominant views that the labeling algorithm (LA) detects (i) only the structurally highest copy... more

4 Murphy, Elliot and Jae-Young Shim. 2020. Copy invisibility and (non-)categorial labeling. Linguistic Research 37(2), 187-215. In contrast to dominant views that the labeling algorithm (LA) detects (i) only the structurally highest copy of a moved object, or (ii) detects all copies, we propose and defend a third option: (iii) all copies are invisible to LA. The most immediate consequence of this is that objects formed by Internal Merge cannot serve as labels. We relate this proposal to a particular reinterpretation of LA theory such that LA constructs only categorial labels, barring the construction of <Q, Q> and <φ, φ> configurations. We then propose an interface condition, Equal Embedding (EE), under which agreeing features must be equally as embedded in order for interpretation to be licensed. We argue that EE appears to fall out of minimal search requirements. We then propose a principled distinction between Agree and LA, based on their sensitivity to copies and interface relations: Both Agree and LA involve minimal search (Probe-Goal for Agree; categorial feature-detection for LA); however, copies are invisible to LA but not to Agree, and LA involves a CI relation (category-specific interpretation) whereas Agree involves an SM relation (the morpho-phonological process of feature-valuation).

The present article draws on some parallels between pragmatism and the interactionist sociology of deviance to discuss the quest for liberatory consequences often associated with the Labeling Approach (LA). Both pragmatism and the LA... more

The present article draws on some parallels between pragmatism and the interactionist sociology of deviance to discuss the quest for liberatory consequences often associated with the Labeling Approach (LA). Both pragmatism and the LA exhibit a tension between their antifoundationalist nominalism and their liberatory meliorism. This tension revolves around the question if the insight that “descriptions are all we have” leads to a possibility to change these descriptions. While many proponents of the LA have thought so, antidualist formulations of pragmatism have mellowed this hope without destroying it: Descriptions can always change, but it is rarely antifoundationalist theory that changes them.

This article facilitates deeper insight into label-related consumer information acquisition behaviour. An integrated framework of label information search (LIS) has been developed based on a synthesis of related literature and explorative... more

This article facilitates deeper insight into label-related consumer information acquisition behaviour. An integrated framework of label information search (LIS) has been developed based on a synthesis of related literature and explorative research conducted by analysing online discussions among customers (netnography). The framework focuses on three main groups of personal factors that serve as antecedents of LIS: general personal factors (e.g. health consciousness and socio-demographics), label-related personal factors (e.g. label-related self-efficacy, trust in labels and the perceived usefulness of labels) and product category-related personal factors (trust in food products, enduring involvement, experience and perceived quality differences). Important characteristics of the framework are its process-oriented nature and the dynamically
changing relationships among its concepts. LIS is an antecedent to and a consequence of influencing factors. This article offers managerial implications and serves to incite future inquiry in this field.

Cross-linguistically, coordinate structures are subject to two major constraints: the Coordinate Structure Constraint (CSC), which prevents both individual conjuncts and parts of conjuncts from moving, and the Coordination of Like... more

Cross-linguistically, coordinate structures are subject to two major constraints: the Coordinate Structure Constraint (CSC), which prevents both individual conjuncts and parts of conjuncts from moving, and the Coordination of Like Categories Constraint (CLC), which requires that conjuncts match in syntactic and semantic category. These constraints are typically considered to be causally independent of one another, and despite their cross-linguistic robustness, there is as yet no agreed upon theory of their derivation. In this paper, I propose a unified analysis of these constraints by means of the Labeling Algorithm of Chomsky (2013), in particular by treating coordinate structures as effectively XP-YP structures that can be labeled by the category features that they share. Given a dynamic definition of maximal projections, the immobility of individual conjuncts then follows from the restriction that only maximal projections may move.

It is pointed out that the discussions about gifted tend to increase in national and international area in the last quarter century. Special practices, symposiums, publications, institutions, undergraduate and graduate programs have been... more

It is pointed out that the discussions about gifted tend to increase in national and international area in the last quarter century. Special practices, symposiums, publications, institutions, undergraduate and graduate programs have been prepared with the parallel to these discussions, it is said that these children have been lost so far. Alfred Binet (b.1857- d.1911) who stated his concerns about using IQ test which is formed in 1904 for children having learning difficulty as a labeling instrument (Gould, 1996). Topçu (1960) stated that intelligence couldn’t be tested, on the contrary was insight. Leading Turkish philosopher Farabi (b.872-d.951) claims that being intelligent as a fact which requires not only being intelligent necessarily but moral intellect. When discourses about gifted are analyzed, by conforming Topçu and Farabi like Binet, the statements like not wasting gifted in masses, labelling, seeing gifted children as a vital capital for the county and necessity of increa...

This study was designed to examine personal, stimulus, and organizational factors that predict the self-labeling of sexual harassment. Hypotheses were developed based on the social cognitive schema framework, which suggests that the... more

This study was designed to examine personal, stimulus, and organizational factors that predict the self-labeling of sexual harassment. Hypotheses were developed based on the social cognitive schema framework, which suggests that the activation of a victim's schema of sexual harassment influences self-labeling incidents as sexual harassment. Results of a secondary analysis of the 1995 Department of Defense Gender Issues dataset

This chapter provides an overview of the communication-human informaton processing (C-HIP) model. CHIP is a framework that describes warning processing and organizes the warning research literature into a coherent structure. As part of... more

This chapter provides an overview of the communication-human informaton processing (C-HIP) model. CHIP is a framework that describes warning processing and organizes the warning research literature into a coherent structure. As part of the discussion, an overview of the influential factors at each stage of the model is presented. Other separate chapters in this Handbook give more details for each of the stages. Lastly, another practical aspect of the O{IIP model is described whereby it can be used as an investigative tool to determine why a warning failed.

Me complace presentar esta interesante nota informativa de nuestro colega Yury Caldera referente a un tema de actualidad en la Argentina. Me parece también que puede ser útil para los importadores y exportadores de la Unión Europea. Luis... more

In this paper, I have insisted that labeling is necessary to make derivational history including structural information and instances of syntactic operations available at the interfaces. If SO is not labeled, it cannot be structurally... more

In this paper, I have insisted that labeling is necessary to make derivational history including structural information and instances of syntactic operations available at the interfaces. If SO is not labeled, it cannot be structurally identified, cut off from syntactic structures.
Also, I have claimed that LA should be defined based on derivational history. For this purpose, I have proposed a version of LA obeying derivational history. Labeling is derivationally determined immediately when a relevant syntactic operation (external set merge, Agree, IM and pair-merge) occurs. Finally, I have claimed that pair-merge is the categorizing operation where light functional heads categorize R via union.