Paleohydrology Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

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- Earth Sciences, Geology, Climate Change, Paleoclimatology

Glacial outburst floods (jökulhlaups) have a significant role for landscape evolution in NE Iceland. A number of jökulhlaups have routed from the northern margin of Vatnajökull during the Holocene. In this study, reconstruction of the largest Holocene jökulhlaup along Jökulsá á Fjöllum, NE Iceland was undertaken using the HEC-RAS hydraulic modelling and HEC-GeoRAS flood mapping techniques with a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) derived from ERS-InSAR data and field-based wash limit evidence. The largest jökulhlaup produced extensive erosional and depositional landforms across an inundated area of ˜1390 km2 and is calculated to have had a peak discharge of 0.9×106 m3 s-1. Power per unit area within this jökulhlaup varied from 6 to 46,000 W m-2. Jökulhlaup hydraulics are related to geomorphogical evidence at three key sites: in Vaðalda, Upptyppingar and Möðrudalur sub-areas in order to explain the abrupt spatial variation of the flood characteristics on a regional scale and to relate erosional and depositional features to spatial variations in jökulhlaup hydraulics. These process-form relationships of the largest jökulhlaup along the Jökulsá á Fjöllum are compared with large outburst floods elsewhere. The largest Jökulsá á Fjöllum jökulhlaup had a factor of ˜20 times smaller discharge and ˜a factor of 20 times lower power per unit area than Altai palaeoflood—the largest known flood on the Earth.

- by Jukka Käyhkö and +1
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- Earth Sciences, Paleohydrology, Landscape Evolution, History and archaeology

A discussion centering on the pre-history of the upper Wabash Valley in Indiana. Erosional and depositional features expressed throughout the valley from the Ft. Wayne Outlet to Rosedale, Indiana are identified using field reconnaissance, topographic maps, computer-generated terrain models, reference literature, and measured field data.

- by Danny M Vaughn, Ph.D., CMS
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- Geomorphology, Spatial Analysis, Fluvial Geomorphology, Paleohydrology

Since 2001, a collective pluridisciplinary research programme is being undertaken on the antique town of Epomanduodurum in the communes of Mandeure and Mathay. This site is considered like the second one of the Sequani, for its dimensions and the monuments, after the civitas capital, Besançon. This article is an assessment of the investigations conducted between 2001 and 2004. During this period, the central part of the site was studied (sanctuary, theatre, Late fortification area), considered as the most significant for the question of the birth, development and decline of the town. Various complementary approaches have been carried out: study of archives, geophysical and geoarchaeological survey, extent excavations, architectural analyses. They lead to a better understanding of the three main buildings (the Celtic and Gallo-Roman sanctuary, the theatre of the Principate, the Late Antique fortification) and they add considerable informations about the pattern of settlement of this area ; so it is possible to detect more precisely the spatial organization and finally to understand how the alluvial plain of the Doubs river was functioning and how the monumental complex has been integrated in such a peculiar landscape.

Comparison of selected, well-dated, lacustrine, speleothem and terrestrial pollen records spanning the Holocene onset and the Early Holocene (ca. 11.7e8 cal kyrs BP) in the Iberian Peninsula shows large hydrological fluctuations and landscape changes with a complex regional pattern in timing and intensity. Marine pollen records from Alboran, the Mediterranean and off shore Atlantic sites show a step-wise increase in moisture and forest during this transition. However, available continental records point to two main patterns of spatial and temporal hydrological variability: i) Atlantic-influenced sites located at the northwestern areas (Enol, Sanabria, Lucenza, PRD-4), characterized by a gradual increase in humidity from the end of the Younger Dryas to the Mid Holocene, similarly to most North Atlantic records; and ii) continental and Mediterranean-influenced sites (Laguna Grande, Villarquemado, Fuentillejo, Padul, Estanya, Banyoles, Salines), with prolonged arid conditions of variable temporal extension after the Younger Dryas, followed by an abrupt increase in moisture at 10-9 cal kyrs BP. Different local climate conditions influenced by topography or the variable sensitivity (gradual versus threshold values) of the proxies analyzed in each case are evaluated. Vegetation composition (conifers versus mesothermophilous taxa) and resilience would explain a subdued response of vegetation in central continental areas while in Mediterranean sites, insufficient summer moisture availability could not maintain high lake levels and promote mesophyte forest, in contrast to Atlantic-influenced areas. Comparison with available climate models, Greenland ice cores, North Atlantic marine sequences and continental records from Central and Northern Europe and the whole Mediterranean region underlines the distinctive character of the hydrological changes occurred in inner Iberia throughout the Early Holocene. The persistent arid conditions might be explained by the intensification of the summer drought due to the high seasonality contrast at these latitudes caused by the orbital-induced summer insolation maximum. New records, particularly from western and southernmost Iberia, and palaeoclimate models with higher spatial resolution would help to constrain these hypotheses.

- by MARIO MORELLON and +1
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- Sedimentology, Paleoclimatology, Mediterranean Studies, Paleoecology
- by Andrés G Mejía Ramón
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- Archaeology, Anthropology, Remote Sensing, Irrigation

This paper examines the construction and design of a 7-km long embankment, probably built for King Jayavarman IV between 928 and 941 CE, as part of a new capital. We calculate that the capacities of the outlets were too small, and conclude that the embankment failed, probably within a decade of construction, so that the benefits of the reservoir stored by the embankment and the access road on top of it were lessened substantially. We explain how the design was sub-optimal for construction, and that while the layout had a high aesthetic impact, the processes for ensuring structural integrity were poor. Simple and inexpensive steps to secure the weir were not undertaken. We speculate that this early failure may have contributed to the decision to return the royal court and the capital of the Khmer Empire to the Angkor region, marking a critically important juncture in regional history.

- by Terry Lustig and +1
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- Archaeology, Angkor, Water Management, Paleohydrology
- by Stuart Black
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- Geology, Geochemistry, Paleohydrology, Salt Marsh Ecology

Archaeological evidence is lacking for the Roman invasion of Britain in 43 AD. Cassius Dio wrote of the episode but omitted locational information during the combat stage except for references to the river Thames and Colchester. Consequently much effort has been expended in the use of circumstantial archaeological evidence and applied logic to propose numerous locations for the invasion-ground and the battles. This has resulted in two schools-of-thought: for invasion-grounds on either the coasts of Kent or Sussex.
However, prior to the Romans reaching the Thames, Dio relates that a unit of the auxiliaries, the Keltoi, unexpectedly, as far as the British were concerned, swam another river while in full-armour. This event, the opening phase in a two-day battle adjacent to a river, eventually led to the withdrawal of the British force across the Thames.
The goal described in this essay was to use this swimming episode to provide locational information for the two-day river battle and hence the most likely location for the invasion-ground.
To that end, all the rivers existing in 43 AD in the southeast of England were reconstructed, the wadeability of rivers assessed, relative sea-level changes since 43 AD examined and tidal regimes determined.
The conclusion is that only the river Medway required the Keltoi to swim across and that, consequently, the most likely location for the invasion-ground is on the coast of Kent.

We discuss a previously undescribed shell morphology in unionid mussels from three archaeological sites in western Mississippi. Similar shell features are observed across multiple genera, indicating a possible phenotypic response to an as-of-yet unidentified environmental factor. Targeted research of this phenomenon may lead to applications in paleohydrology and environmental archaeology.

- by Joseph Mitchell
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- Archaeology, Hydrogeology, Zooarchaeology, Malacology

One of the prominent features of northeast Mediterranean (NEM) Holocene climate are recurrent phases of cold and aridity; their impacts on the
hydrological cycle remain at large unknown, as few existing paleohydrological records are either restricted to lake-level fluctuations or focus near the
‘8.2 kyr BP’ event. Here, we present the detrital record of Aliakmon River in Lake Loudias between 9500 and 3000 cal. BP. Magnetic susceptibility (MS)
exhibits high correlation with mean grain size (r = 0.7) of silt-sized fractions and is used as a proxy of the distal clastic input of Aliakmon River, whereas
organic matter (OM), carbonate content (CaCO3), water content (WC), and clay concentrations decipher sedimentological and biological processes in
Lake Loudias. Periods of high hydrological activity were interrupted by short intervals of low river discharge at c. 9400, 8600, 8200, 7500, 7000, 6200,
5300, and 4500 cal. BP and during a multi-century event centered at 3500 cal. BP, in agreement with marine and terrestrial paleoclimatic reconstructions
from NEM. With exception of the wet period between c. 8.6 and 7.9 cal. BP, periods of increased hydrological activity are synchronous to contraction of
Pinus forests and increased sea surface temperatures and silt transport in the Aegean Sea. The long-term (~580 years) variability of MS is in-phase with
southeast Europe pollen-inferred annual temperature variations and with North Atlantic Ice Rafted Debris (IRD) events.

- by Michael N Styllas
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- Paleohydrology

This paper explores Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods for evaluation of the posterior distributions of flood quantiles, flood risk, and parameters of both the log-normal and Log-Pearson Type 3 distributions. Bayesian methods allow a richer and more complete representation of large flood records and historical flood information and their uncertainty (particularly measurement and discharge errors) than is computationally convenient with maximum likelihood and moment estimators. Bayesian MCMC provides a computationally attractive and straightforward method to develop a full and complete description of the uncertainty in parameters, quantiles and performance metrics. Examples illustrate limitations of traditional first-order second-moment analyses based upon the Fisher Information matrix.

- by Dirceu Reis
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- Paleohydrology, Uncertainty analysis, Historical information, Paleofloods
- by Ronnie Gallagher
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- Archaeology, Geology, Landscape Archaeology, Bulgaria
- by Petteri Alho
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- Paleohydrology

Sedimentological (dry density, micro-fa-cies analysis on thin-slides, X-ray diffraction, layer counting) and elemental analyses (X-ray fluorescence) of a 3.5-m-long sediment core (MAH-B) from saline Lake Maharlou (SW Iran) were used to infer hydrological changes over the last * 3800 years. The sediment consists of thin, alternating beds of evapor-ites (halite, gypsum), carbonates (calcite, aragonite) and detrital minerals (quartz, muscovite, chlorite). We interpret the data with respect to three main hydrologic conditions: (1) nearly complete desiccation of the lake, marked by frequent halite layers, (2) hypersaline conditions marked by gypsum abundance, (3) wet conditions, characterized by high river-borne terrige-nous sediment input with high potassium content. Distinct flood layers indicate fluvial activity. From about 3800-2000 cal year BP, terrigenous sediment supply was high, with peaks at 3700-3650, 3500-3450, and 3400-3250 cal year BP. Evaporative conditions were not common. From ca. 2000 cal year BP to present, detrital minerals are less abundant, and the increase in gypsum abundance suggests drier climate with enhanced evaporation. Frequent desiccation events occurred from 1100 to 700 cal year BP. The late Holocene hydrology of Lake Maharlou corresponds well with records of dune formation and phases of river alluviation in Iran and the Arabian Peninsula, and with regional speleothem records. In addition to the influence of climate change on the lake hydrology, ancient humans modified water drainage in the catchment. Periods of subterranean tunnel (qanats) use correspond to dramatic shrinkage of the water body. We propose that climate changes drove long-term water shortages that were enhanced by anthro-pogenic activities, leading to more frequent desiccation of the lake during the last millennium.

This paper will identify and discuss several erosional and depositional features expressed throughout the upper Wabash Valley from the Ft. Wayne Outlet west of the city of Ft. Wayne to near Rosedale, Indiana using computer-generated terrain models, United States Geological Survey 7.5 minute 1:24000 scale topographic quadrangle maps, reference literature, and associated field data. The terrain models provide a significant means for visually identifying the erosional and depositional features that remain preserved from major flood events that occurred over 14,000 years ago. A brief paleo-hydraulic reconstruction is presented for a reach south of the “Great Bend” area of the Wabash Valley southeast of Cayuga, Indiana.

New location information derived from an amalgam of river, wading, tidal and relative sea-level data leads to the following conclusions: the Medway was the only river capable of matching Cassius Dio's account of the two-day river battle, and the Roman beachhead in AD 43 was on the Kent coast, probably either at Faversham, the mouth of the Great Stour in the Wantsum Channel, or a lagoon north-west of Deal.

Chloride-bearing deposits on Mars record high-elevation lakes during the waning stages of Mars' wet era (mid-Noachian to late Hesperian). The water source pathways, seasonality, salinity, depth, lifetime, and paleoclimatic drivers of these widespread lakes are all unknown. Here we combine reaction-transport modeling, orbital spectroscopy, and new volume estimates from high-resolution digital terrain models, in order to constrain the hydrologic boundary conditions for forming the chlorides. Considering a T = 0 °C system, we find: (1) individual lakes were >100 m deep and lasted decades or longer; (2) if volcanic degassing was the source of chlorine, then the water-to-rock ratio or the total water volume were probably low, consistent with brief excursions above the melting point and/or arid climate; (3) if the chlorine source was igneous chlorapatite, then Cl-leaching events would require a (cumulative) time of >10 yr at the melting point; (4) Cl masses, divided by catchment area, give column densities 0.1 – 50 kg Cl/m^2 , and these column densities bracket the expected chlorapatite-Cl content for a seasonally-warm active layer. Deep groundwater was not required. Taken together, our results are consistent with Mars having a usually cold, horizontally segregated hydrosphere by the time chlorides formed.

- by Mohit Melwani Daswani
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- Mineralogy, Weathering, Paleohydrology, Chlorine
- by Zvi Ben-Avraham and +2
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- Earth Sciences, Geology, Geochemistry, Sedimentology

- by N. Pedentchouk
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- Biomarkers, Marine Biogeochemistry, Paleohydrology, Soil biogeochemistry

than the Maule River, despite its closer geographic proximity to the latter. This finding corroborates other studies with instrumental data that identify 37.5°S as a latitudinal confluence of two climate zones. The analyzed rivers are affected by climate forcings on interannual and interdec-adal timescales , Tropical (El Niño Southern Oscillation) and Antarctic (Southern Annular Mode; SAM). Longer cycles found, around 80-years, are well correlated only with SAM variation, which explains most of the variance in the Biobío and Puelo rivers. This cycle also has been attributed to orbital forcing by other authors. All three rivers showed an increase in the frequency of extreme high and low flow events in the twentieth century. The most extreme dry and wet years in the instrumental record (1943–2000) were not the most extreme of the past 400-years reconstructed for the three rivers (1600–2000), yet both instrumental record years did rank in the five most extreme of the streamflow reconstructions as a whole. These findings suggest a high level of natural variability in the hydro-climatic conditions of the region, where extremes characterized the twentieth Abstract As rainfall in South-Central Chile has decreased in recent decades, local communities and industries have developed an understandable concern about their threatened water supply. Reconstructing streamflows from tree-ring data has been recognized as a useful paleoclimatic tool in providing long-term perspectives on the temporal characteristics of hydroclimate systems. Multi-century long streamflow reconstructions can be compared to relatively short instrumental observations in order to analyze the frequency of low and high water availability through time. In this work, we have developed a Biobío River streamflow reconstruction to explore the long-term hydroclimate variability at the confluence of the Mediterranean-subtropical and the Temperate-humid climate zones, two regions represented by previous reconstructions of the Maule and Puelo Rivers, respectively. In a suite of analyses, the Biobío River reconstruction proves to be more similar to the Puelo River Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (A. A. Muñoz et al. 1 3 century. This information is particularly useful when evaluating and improving a wide variety of water management models that apply to water resources that are sensitive to agricultural and hydropower industries.

- by Alvaro Gonzalez Reyes and +1
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- Climate Dynamics, Paleohydrology, Dendroclimatology
- by Laurent Aubry
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- Archaeology, Art, Architecture, Late Antiquity
- by BACHAGHA NABIL
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- Cartography, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology

- by Evan Peacock
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- Archaeology, Geology, Hydrogeology, Zooarchaeology
- by Patrick Kiden
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- Paleoclimatology, Paleoenvironment, Quaternary Geology, Rivers
- by Yehouda Enzel
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- Earth Sciences, Geology, Geochemistry, Sedimentology

Relict beaches adjacent to Lake Turkana, Kenya provide a record of water level variability for the Late Quaternary. This study focused on deciphering the geomorphology, sedimentology, stratigraphy and 14C chronology of strand plain sequences in the Kalokol and Lothagam areas, at the western margin of the Lake. Nine > 30 m oscillations in water level were documented between ca. 15 and 4 ka. The earliest lake level oscillation between ca. 14.5 and 13 ka is not well constrained with water level to at least 70 m above the present surface and subsequently fell to at least 50 m. Lake level increased to at least 90 m between ca. 11.2 and 10.4 ka, post Younger Dryas cooling. Water level fell by > 30 m by 10.2 ka, with another potential rise at ca. 8.5 ka to > 70 m above current level. Lake level regressed by > 40 m at 8.2 ka coincident with cooling in the equatorial eastern Atlantic Ocean. Two major > 70 m lake level oscillations centered at 6.6 and 5.2 ka may reflect enhanced convection with warmer sea surface temperatures in the western Indian Ocean. The termination of the African Humid Period occurred from ca. 8.0 to 4.5 ka and is characterized by highly variable lake level (±>40 m), rather than one monotonic fall in water level. This lake level variability reflects a complex response to variations in the extent and intensity of the East and West African Monsoons near geographic and topographic limits within the catchment of Lake Turkana. Also, for this closed lake basin excesses and deficits in water input are amplified with a cascading lake effect in the East African Rift Valley and through the Chew Bahir Basin. The final regression from a high stand of > 90 m above the present lake began at 5.2 ka and water level was below 20 m by 4.5 ka; and for the remainder of the Holocene. This sustained low stand is associated with weakening of the West African Monsoon, a shift of the mean position of Congo Air Boundary west of the Lake Turkana catchment and with meter-scale variability in lake level linked to Walker circulation across the Indian Ocean.

- by Steven Forman and +2
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- African Studies, Geomorphology, Climate Change, Paleoclimatology

Keywords: triple oxygen isotopes gypsum hydration water relative humidity lake sediments Younger Dryas Late Glacial–Holocene transition Atmospheric relative humidity is an important parameter affecting vegetation yet paleo-humidity proxies are scarce and difficult to calibrate. Here we use triple oxygen (δ 17 O and δ 18 O) and hydrogen (δD) isotopes of structurally-bound gypsum hydration water (GHW) extracted from lacustrine gypsum to quantify past changes in atmospheric relative humidity. An evaporation isotope-mass-balance model is used together with Monte Carlo simulations to determine the range of climatological conditions that simultaneously satisfy the stable isotope results of GHW, and with statistically robust estimates of uncertainty. We apply this method to reconstruct the isotopic composition of paleo-waters of Lake Estanya (NE Spain) and changes in normalized atmospheric relative humidity (RH n) over the last glacial termination and Holocene (from ∼15 to 0.6 cal. kyrs BP). The isotopic record indicates the driest conditions occurred during the Younger Dryas (YD; ∼12–13 cal. kyrs BP). We estimate a RH n of ∼40–45% during the YD, which is ∼30–35% lower than today. Because of the southward displacement of the Polar Front to ∼42 • N, it was both windier and drier during the YD than the Bølling–Allerød period and Holocene. Mean atmospheric moisture gradually increased from the Preboreal to Early Holocene (∼11 to 8 cal. kyrs BP, 50–60%), reaching 70–75% RH n from ∼7.5 cal. kyrs BP until present-day. We demonstrate that combining hydrogen and triple oxygen isotopes in GHW provides a powerful tool for quantitative estimates of past changes in relative humidity.

- by MARIO MORELLON and +1
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- Climate Change, Paleoclimatology, Mediterranean, Stable isotope paleoclimatology
- by oscar romero
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- Archaeology, Geology, Sedimentology, Climate Change
- by Abdallah S. Zaki
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- Geomorphology, Paleohydrology

During the Mesolithic (10-6 14C ka BP ~ Early Holocene, first part of the Middle Holocene) huntergatherers
lived in the region of Deventer-Zutphen. In this time some major hydrological and
vegetational developments occurred, which most likely affected behavior and living conditions of the
Mesolithic people. This study offers a palaeo-hydrological and palaeo-vegetational reconstruction of
the Deventer-Zutphen area for the Mesolithic. Due to the uncertainties involved in the groundwater
level reconstruction, several scenarios are outlined for the palaeo-hydrological development of the
region. In most of the scenarios, succession caused the vegetation to become very dense during the
Mesolithic, whereas the groundwater level probably raised. These factors all have their implications
for the vegetation development and the food resources and accessibility of the area. Most likely, the
amount of resources decreased and the landscape became more challenging to cross for the Mesolithic
hunter-gatherers, implying that the area became less attractive to live in. The preferred scenario, together
with the other scenarios will serve as input for new studies that can improve the understanding of the
relation of palaeo-landscape and archaeology.

- by Harm Jan Pierik
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- Geomorphology, Geoarchaeology, Landscape Archaeology, Mesolithic Archaeology

The analysis of carbon and hydrogen stable isotope ratios of lipids from natural products is an integral component of research in Earth sciences. The isotopic composition of lipids from algae and higher plants can be linked with various environmental parameters, which makes lipid biomarkers a rich source of information about biological, chemical, and physical processes in the environment. This chapter reviews the key external and internal factors that affect C and H N. Pedentchouk (*) School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia e-mail: n.pedentchouk@uea.ac.uk Y. Zhou School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an, China # Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 H. Wilkes (ed.), Hydrocarbons, Oils and Lipids: Diversity, Origin, Chemistry and Fate, Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54529-5_37-1 1 isotopic fractionation during biosynthesis of lipids. Significant advances need to be made to increase our level of understanding of the processes that control fractionation in different lipid groups and within individual lipid molecules.

- by Nikolai Pedentchouk
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- Chemistry, Paleoclimatology, Biomarkers, Stable Isotopes
- by gilles Bossuet
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- Archaeology, Urbanism (Archaeology), Late Antiquity, Archaeology of Architecture

Long highly-resolved proxies for runoff are in high demand for hydrological forecasts and water management in arid Central Asia. An accurate (R2 = 0.53) reconstruction of October-September discharge of the Ili River in Kazakhstan, 1779–2015, is developed from moisture-sensitive tree rings of spruce sampled in the Tian Shan Mountains. The fivefold extension of the gauged discharge record represents the variability of runoff in the Lake Balkhash Basin for the last 235 years. The reconstruc- tion shows a 40 year long interval of low discharge preceded a recent high peak in the first decade of the 2000s followed by a decline to more recent levels of discharge not seen since the start of the gauged record. Most reconstructed flow extremes (± 2σ) occur outside the instrumental record (1936–2015) and predate the start of large dam construction (1969). Decadal variability of the Ili discharge corresponds well with hydrological records of other Eurasian internal drainages modeled with tree rings. Spectral analysis identifies variance peaks (highest near 42 year) consistent with main hemispheric oscillations of the Eurasian climatic system. Seasonal comparison of the Ili discharge with sea-level-pressure and geopotential height data suggests periods of high flow likely result from the increased contribution of snow to runoff associated with the interaction of Arctic air circulation with the Siberian High-Pressure System and North Atlantic Oscillation.

- by Thivet Matthieu
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- Urbanism (Archaeology), Archaeological Geophysics, Paleohydrology

This multi-proxy study of sediment cores from karstic Lake Estanya (Pre-Pyrenean Range, NE Spain) provides the first complete, continuous record of the hydrological evolution in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula over the last 9500 yr. Six sedimentary facies and four main sedimentary units have been defined after integration of sedimentological, mineralogical and geochemical analyses. The use of total sulphur content and sedimentary facies as paleohydrological proxies allows reconstruction of relative changes in lake level. The Estanya record shows a large increase in water availability after 9.2 ka, fluctuating lake levels and salinity during the period 9.2–4.2 ka; and generally higher lake levels after 1.7 ka. Periods of increased run-off and sediment delivery and less saline conditions occurred at 8.5–8.2, 6.7–5.9, and 4.9–4.2 ka. Dominant lower lake levels and concentrated waters during the period 4.2–0.8 ka were punctuated by a higher lake level, higher clastic input episode ca. 1.7–1 ka. Fluctuating, but higher lake levels occurred during the last 800 years. The main hydrological phases in Lake Estanya are coherent with Western Mediterranean and North Atlantic Holocene reconstructions, but they also show similarities with northern African records.

- by MARIO MORELLON and +1
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- Sedimentology, Climate Change, Paleoclimatology, Limnogeology
- by Paul S Breeze
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- Cartography, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology
- by Leah Holguin
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- Geography, Geomorphology, Remote Sensing, Hydrology
- by Eric Marmet
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- Archaeology, Urbanism (Archaeology), Late Antiquity, Archaeology of Architecture

Banyoles is the largest and deepest lake of karstic-tectonic origin in the Iberian Peninsula. The lake comprises several circular sub-basins characterized by different oxygenation conditions at their hypolimnions. The multiproxy analysis of a > 5 m long sediment core combined with high resolution seismic stratigraphy (3.5 kHz pinger and multi-frequency Chirp surveys), allow a precise reconstruction of the evolution of a karstic depression (named B3) until present times. Local meromictic conditions in this sub-basin have been conducive to deposition and preservation of ca. 85 cm of varved sediments since the late 19th century. The onset of these conditions is likely related to lake waters eutrophication caused by increasing farming activities in the watershed. Increasing clastic input and organic productivity during the second half of the 20th century have also been recorded within the laminated sediments , revealing an intensification of human impact and warmer water temperatures.

- by Blas Valero Garces
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- Geochemistry, Sedimentology, Quaternary Geology, Paleolimnology

The sedimentary sections that were deposited from the Holocene Dead Sea and its Pleistocene precursors are excellent archives of the climatic, environmental and seismic history of the Levant region. Yet, most of the previous work has been carried out on sequences of lacustrine sediments exposed at the margins of the present-day Dead Sea, which were deposited only when the lake surface level rose above these terraces (e.g. during the Last Glacial period) and typically are discontinuous due to major lake level variations in the past. Continuous sedimentation can only be expected in the deepest part of the basin and, therefore, a deep drilling has been accomplished in the northern basin of the Dead Sea during winter of 2010e2011 within the Dead Sea Deep Drilling Project (DSDDP) in the framework of the ICDP program. Approximately 720 m of sediment cores have been retrieved from two deep and several short boreholes. The longest profile (5017-1), revealed at a water depth of ~300 m, reaches 455 m below the lake floor (blf, i.e. to ~1175 m below global mean sea level) and comprises approximately the last 220e240 ka. The record covers the upper part of the Amora (penultimate glacial), the Last Interglacial Samra, the Last Glacial Lisan and the Holocene Ze'elim Formations and, therewith, two entire glacialeinterglacial cycles. Thereby, for the first time, consecutive sediments deposited during the MIS 6/5, 5/4 and 2/1 transitions were recovered from the Dead Sea basin, which are not represented in sediments outcropping on the present-day lake shores. In this paper, we present essential lithological data including continuous magnetic susceptibility and geochemical scanning data and the basic stratigraphy including first chronological data of the long profile (5017-1) from the deep basin. The results presented here (a) focus on the correlation of the deep basin deposits with main on-shore stratigraphic units, thus providing a unique comprehensive stratigraphic framework for regional paleoenvironmental reconstruction, and (b) highlight the outstanding potential of the Dead Sea deep sedimentary archive to record hydrological changes during interglacial, glacial and transitional intervals.

- by Amotz Agnon
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- Sedimentology, Quaternary Geology, Paleolimnology, Paleoclimate
- by Steve Kaye
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- Conflict Archaeology, Battlefield Archaeology, Roman military archaeology, Roman Army
- by Tyler Franconi
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- Roman History, Environmental Archaeology, Landscape Archaeology, Rivers

Le Projet Collectif de Recherche consacre a l'approche pluridisciplinaire de l'agglomeration antique d'Epomanduodurum vise a une comprehension globale du fonctionnement de la ville et de son espace territorial. A ce titre, deux questions touchant au domaine de la paleohydrographie avaient ete retenues. Suivant quelles modalites l'agglomeration du Haut-Empire se developpe-telle et s'organise-t-elle a l'interieur de la boucle du Doubs ? Quelle est la part des facteurs naturels dans cette organisation ? Les etudes conduites depuis 2001 dans ce secteur de la moyenne vallee du Doubs nous ont permis de mieux documenter ces deux aspects de la recherche, grâce en particulier a l'acquisition d'informations nouvelles sur les dynamiques hydrologiques holocenes et sur les interactions entre l'homme et le milieu.

- by gilles Bossuet
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- Urbanism (Archaeology), Archaeological Geophysics, Paleohydrology, Bibracte

- by gilles bossuet
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- Urbanism (Archaeology), Archaeological Geophysics, Paleohydrology