Recognition memory Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

The relationship of task relevance and stimulus probability to P300 morphology, latency and distribution was assessed. Eight year olds and adults completed visual oddball tasks of recognition memory with frequent non-target (60%),... more

The relationship of task relevance and stimulus probability to P300 morphology, latency and distribution was assessed. Eight year olds and adults completed visual oddball tasks of recognition memory with frequent non-target (60%), infrequent target (20%), and infrequent novel (20%) stimuli. Stimuli consisted of 2 female faces posing neutral expressions, and 40 trial unique novel photographs depicting scenes, animals, objects or abstract patterns. Event-related potentials were recorded from 17 electrodes over frontal, central and parietal scalp, including lateral temporal sites. All stimuli elicited P300 responses at parietal electrodes, with the largest responses to the target stimuli (relevant and infrequent). The P300 responses of adults and children were morphologically dissimilar, with children showing broader peaks and latency shifts across electrodes. In addition, the eight year olds displayed a frontal negativity to novel stimuli which was absent in the responses of adult par...

The state-dependent theory of the relationship between affective states and memory holds that recall will be best when the affective state at recall matches that during learning. Sequential happy, neutral, and sad affective states that... more

The state-dependent theory of the relationship between affective states and memory holds that recall will be best when the affective state at recall matches that during learning. Sequential happy, neutral, and sad affective states that were either consistent (e.g., Happy-Happy) or inconsistent (e.g., Sad-Neutral) were experimentally induced in preschool children prior to encoding and then again prior to retrieval (free

Learning new material may retroactively interfere with memory for older material. Retroactive interference research has typically focused on how similarity between old and new material affects recall of old material, which predicts... more

Learning new material may retroactively interfere with memory for older material. Retroactive interference research has typically focused on how similarity between old and new material affects recall of old material, which predicts greatest interference when similar material is presented just before test. However, mental effort may be another source of retroactive interference that could disrupt consolidation: Mental effort could cause the most retroactive interference when presented just after study. In Experiment 1, participants engaged in tasks designed to induce mental effort (e.g., solving easy or difficult math problems) at various times between the study and test of an associative recognition task. Although familiarity estimates were unaffected, the timing of mental
effort affected recollection estimates. In Experiment 2, participants engaged in a different set of tasks designed to induce mental effort (e.g., solving easy or difficult anagrams) and increase similarity. Again, familiarity estimates were unaffected; however, mental effort marginally affected recollection estimates, but in a way that was inconsistent with expectations. The results showed inconsistent mental effort effects overall, consistent with some past research showing that mental effort may not always cause retroactive interference. The results also highlight the importance of a deeper investigation of retroactive interference effects in recognition memory.

Bilingual college students heard "mixed" passages in English and Spanish. After each passage, the subject heard a test sentence which was either identical to one that had appeared in the passage or a modified version of one that... more

Bilingual college students heard "mixed" passages in English and Spanish. After each passage, the subject heard a test sentence which was either identical to one that had appeared in the passage or a modified version of one that had appeared in the passage. Modifications of test sentences involved either (a) grammatical subject substitution or negation so that the meaning of

Several studies have investigated potential interactions between emotion and memory by focusing on analyses of accuracy and response bias. These studies typically show higher accuracy and laxer response bias to emotional relative to... more

Several studies have investigated potential interactions between emotion and memory by focusing on analyses of accuracy and response bias. These studies typically show higher accuracy and laxer response bias to emotional relative to neutral words. Fewer studies, however, have examined interactions between emotion and memory by focusing on response time data. Here, we report a recognition memory experiment in which emotional words, neutral words, and semantically related neutral words were used as probes. Participants were slower to reject novel emotional words than to reject novel neutral words, whereas they exhibited equivalent response times to emotional and neutral studied words. Quantile analysis showed that such slower rejection of emotional novel words was restricted to slower responses, suggesting potential interactions between emotion and higher order processes during recognition. These findings are interpreted in light of affective theories of exposure and theories of emotional processing.

Recognition memory was examined for visual affective stimuli using behavioral and event-related brain potential (ERP) measures. Images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) that varied systematically in arousal level... more

Recognition memory was examined for visual affective stimuli using behavioral and event-related brain potential (ERP) measures. Images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) that varied systematically in arousal level (low, high) and valence direction (unpleasant, pleasant) were first viewed passively. Then, during a response phase, the original images were intermixed with an equal number of new images and presented, and participants were instructed to press a button to indicate whether each stimulus picture was previously viewed (target) or new (foil). Participants were more sensitive to unpleasant- than to pleasant-valence stimuli and were biased to respond to high-arousal unpleasant stimuli as targets, whether the stimuli were previously viewed or new. Response times (RTs) to target stimuli were systematically affected by valence, whereas RTs to foil stimuli were influenced by arousal level. ERP component amplitudes were generally larger for high than for low arousal levels. The P300 (late positive component) amplitude was largest for high-arousal unpleasant target images. These and other amplitude effects suggest that high-arousal unpleasant stimuli engage a privileged memory-processing route during stimulus processing. Theoretical relationships between affective and memory processes are discussed.