Reform Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

- by
- •
- Political Science, Police, East Africa, Human Security
- by Banu Çetin Ünal
- •
- Orta çağ, Avrupa, Katolik Kilisesi, John Wycliffe

a period of major social upheavals in American society; the major issue was the slavery. This period also witnessed the birth and organization of the Sabbatarian Adventism, a pre-millennial Christian movement distinguished by an emphasis on the Seventh-day Sabbath and a special understanding of Bible prophecies. Most Adventist pioneers vehemently opposed slavery, although not always on the same ground as their Christian counterparts. Aided by their peculiar understanding of Bible prophecy, the early Adventists identified America with apocalyptical end-time power, slavery being the key attribute of the “beast that looks like a lamb but speaks like a dragon ” from Revelation 13:11. This article investigates the development of Adventist connection between slavery, America and Bible prophecy.

- by TREVOR O REGGIO and +1
- •
- Slavery, Reform, Abolitionism, Prophecy
- by Volkan Göçoğlu
- •
- Reform

ABSTRACT
Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS)
provides a once-in-a-generation opportunity to transform
how people with a disability are served. Similar to the
enactment of the Disability Services Act 1986, which challenged
the segregation and supported the integration of people with
a disability into community settings, the National Disability
Insurance Scheme Act 2013 is expected to fundamentally
disrupt traditional service practice and improve disabled
people’s lives. This paper identifies some lessons from the
previous reforms of 1986 to guide policy makers, people
with a disability, their families and service-providers, as they
implement the NDIS now. It reflects on what it takes to make
change, and what can be expected to remain essentially the
same regardless of the disruption that the NDIS will bring. It
concludes that if the lessons of the past hold true, the NDIS
will require several decades of intentional leadership and
capacity-building to achieve enduring, positive change.

- by Margaret Ward and +1
- •
- History, Disability Studies, Australia, Reform
- by Odessa Petit dit Dariel
- •
- Nursing, Higher Education, Reform, Undergraduate Education

The article considers the main aspects of assessing the effectiveness of reforming the territorial and administrative system in Ukraine. The purpose of local government reform is to ensure its ability to independently, at its own expense, to address issues of local importance. As a result of the reform of local self-government bodies, the unification (consolidation) of territorial communities is envisaged. This will reduce the cost of maintaining the management staff, will allow the redirection of resources for the implementation of local development projects. Based on the analytical study of the monitoring of the course of territorial and administrative reform of Ukraine, the systems of evaluation of the implementation of the idea of decentralization in the reform of the territorial-administrative system are presented. The matrix approach is used during the simulation. A mechanism for determining the effectiveness of reforming the territorial and administrative system in Ukraine through ensuring efficiency has been developed. The latter is determined by the coherence of the goals of the development of the territorial community and the objectives at a particular stage of reform.

- by IAEME Publication
- •
- Effectiveness, Reform, Efficiency, Territorial and Administrative System

As the first decade of the 21st century comes to an end, humanity is challenged by economic growth and the
associated destructive development that is causing unprecedented environmental damage around the world.
Traditional ways of living have been completely replaced by the consumerist and profit making paradigms. To
envision and practice for a better world the author discusses the importance of environmental advocacy as a critical
component of environmental education. The author elucidates this through some experiences of the organisation she
works with.
Key Words: Environmental Education, Advocacy, Campaign, Community, Participation, Public interest, Reform,
Economic Development.

- by Bhargavi S. Rao
- •
- Environmental Education, Participation, Economic Development, Community

Yeniden biçimlenmiş veya yeni nizam anlamına gelen Reform , Rönesans'ın içerisinde yer alan dinsel bir akımdır. Alman papaz Martin Luther'in (1483-1576), 1517 yılında Württemberg Kilise'sinin kapısına astığı, Katolik Kilisesi’ne karşı protestosundan dolayı Protestanlık adını alan bu akım, gerçekte ise genel düşünceyi dile getiriyordu. Katolik Kilisesi, Rönesans'ın getirdiği yeniden doğuş düşüncesine uymayacak kadar donmuş ve bozulmuştu. Hıristiyanlığın özüne dönülerek, skolastik eklentilerden kurtulmasını sağlamak hemen hemen tüm Hıristiyanların dileğiydi. Fransa'da Jean Calvin (1509-1564) ve İsviçre'de Huldrych Zwingli'nin (1484-1531) geliştirdiği Protestanlık daha sonra Calvinizm olarak İngiltere'ye girmiş Anglikanizm'i doğurmuştu. Hıristiyanlıktaki bu ayrışmalar Avrupa'yı uzun yıllar sürecek olan bir karmaşaya, siyasi çekişmelere ve din savaşlarına sürükleyecekti.

- by Emrah BOZKURT
- •
- Reform, Martin Luther, Hıristiyanlık, Jean Calvin

Recent debates about the bachelor in Morocco show that teaching learners to maintain positive attitudes and take over responsibilities for social and political processes is an essential educational asset of soft skills, mainly for schools that adopt project-based instructions. To engage students in this newest reform, significant preconditions of democratic school culture are set as effective outcomes to generate ethical behaviors. Today, social and political issues tend to provide meaningful opportunities to engage students in proper activities, specifically by using project-based learning. This paper aims at examining important venues that Moroccan school leaders, along with the bachelor outcomes, wish to implement to foster democratic participation within and outside school life by adopting project-based learning. It questions the challenges and perspectives of this implementation along with the progress of Moroccan educational institutions. Hence, the paper adheres to a meta-analysis technique, whereby a unique examination of the various already conducted studies came out with conclusions: perspectives and challenges. The typical meta-analysis method disengages readings of various scholarly academic sources related to school effectiveness concerning the implementation of project-based instruction, specifically after a long journey of debates about the bachelor. Because of its descriptive nature, this method allows the researcher to explore the wide-range of pitfalls that provide potential opportunities for alternative conclusions which are adopted in restructured and well-run approaches. The significant results and conclusions drawn from this paper are profoundly and qualitatively discussed and analyzed.

- by Arab World English Journal (AWEJ)
- •
- Project-Based Learning, Reform, Soft Skills, Meta-synthesis

- by Arab World English Journal (AWEJ)
- •
- Project-Based Learning, Reform, Soft Skills, Meta-synthesis
- by Johannes van Oort
- •
- Religion, History, Intellectual History, Theology

The People’s Republic of China faced multiple constraints in its 1950s industrialization drive – a persistent capital shortage, a severe undersupply of engineers, designers, managers and technicians, insufficient administrative capability, and painfully weak infrastructure in transport and communications. Missteps and errors wasted resources on urgent but poorly executed projects, climaxing in catastrophes at decade’s end: the Great Leap Forward’s failure, a bitter rift with the USSR (Soviet advisors’ abandoning huge construction projects), and dreadful agricultural plans prioritizing crops for industry (e.g., cotton) over foodstuffs, triggering China’s last famine. Much needed fixing, clearly. Hence, Beijing leaders promoted a series of economic reform campaigns, two of which, Technology Reform and Design Reform focused on enterprises, but have been largely forgotten. This study recovers and analyzes their courses.

- by Philip Scranton
- •
- Engineering, Technology, Construction, China
- by samsuri samsuri
- •
- Algebra, Chemistry, Instructional Design, Southeast Asian Studies

In this article we explore the relationship between TWAIL scholarship and the universality of international law. In particular, we offer an account of this relation as the outcome of what we describe as TWAIL’s characteristic double engagement with the attitudes of both reform and revolution vis-à-vis international law and scholarship. In being thoroughly critical of the cornerstones of the established order, and yet engaged with the practice and operation of international law at the same time, TWAIL scholars have intimated in their search for justice, an idea of universality capable of accepting international law as an agonic project. To further its political engagement with the universal promise of international law, we suggest an explicit methodological turn for TWAIL scholarship that is attentive to international law as a material project. By paying attention to the daily operation of international law at the mundane, quotidian and material plane, we suggest that TWAIL can sharpen its analytical potential and generate at the same time, a ‘praxis of universality’. Such a praxis would be capable of troubling the constitution of places and subjects in the name of the international, whilst heightening our sensitivity to the numerous forms of resistance that are already at play as a particular normative project is being institutionalised and administered across the world.

- by Sundhya Pahuja and +1
- •
- Law, Development Studies, Globalization, Research Methodology
- by Chief Editor
- •
- Teacher Education, Innovation statistics, Complexity Theory, Reform

ÖNSÖZ Aydınlık mevsimi mi, yoksa karanlık mevsimi miydi; insanların umut baharı ya da umutsuzluk kışı mıydı? Mutluluk için insanlar aklını kullanmalı mıydı, yoksa mutsuzluk akılda mıydı? Dünya, insanın mı, kendisinin mi etrafında... more

- by Emrah BOZKURT
- •
- Immanuel Kant, Descartes, Reform, Isaac Newton
- by Stacey Camp
- •
- Gender Studies, Consumerism, Americanization, Gender Archaeology

Third World Approaches to International Law, or ‘TWAIL’, is a response to both the colonial and postcolonial ethos of international law. It is also one of the most explicitly articulated juridical and political spaces in which to think about an international law beyond its (post)coloniality. In this article, we describe TWAIL as having a characteristic ‘double engagement’ with the attitudes of both reform and resistance vis-à-vis international law and scholarship. This double engagement has the potential to provide us with the tools both to delineate the (post)colonial character of international law, and to work actively toward a meaningfully plural international normative order. This latter possibility arises from a nascent conceptualisation within TWAIL scholarship of a universality that is compatible with an understanding of international law as an agonistic (and not imperial) project. To make good the tantalising potential of this ‘new’ universal, we suggest an explicit methodological move for TWAIL and its fellow travelers. Such a move involves paying attention to international law as a ‘material project’. By being attentive to the daily operation of international law on the mundane or ‘material’ plane of everyday life, it may be possible to generate a ‘praxis’ of (the new) universality. Such a praxis would trouble the way places and subjects are currently constituted in the name of the international and its (post)colonial ethos. Crucially, it would make intelligible to international legal scholarship the numerous forms of resistance already at play in the struggle against the (post)colonial normative order now being institutionalised and administered across the world.

- by Luis Eslava and +1
- •
- Ethnography, International Law, Postcolonial Studies, Post-Colonialism
- by Research Papers
- •
- Gender Studies, Women's Studies, Reform, Political

- by Dojcin Zivadinovic
- •
- History, Slavery, Reform, Abolitionism

Emile Kok-Kheng Yeoh (special issue editor) (2010), International Journal of China Studies, Vol. 1, No. 2, October 2010 (Special Issue – China in Transition: Social Change in the Age of Reform), pp. 237-666 (430 pp. + vii). [Scopus]... more

- by Emile Kok-Kheng Yeoh
- •
- Social Change, Political Economy, China, Reform

Abstract
The objective of this article is to advocate for a paradigm shift. With the adoption in Burkina Faso in 1983 of objectives-based curriculum comprising the three components of Presentation, Practice and Production, designing consensual operational objectives still continue to be a challenge. This is the shared difficulty for both teachers and the educational supervisors. The proposed objectives vary from one teacher to another and from on educational supervisor to another. Due to that practical divergence of opinions and discrepancy of ideas regarding the design of consensual objectives, this research work has envisaged and come up with an alternative approach in order to overcome those difficulties sprouting along the objectives designing task.
Keywords: reform; curriculum; paradigm shift; competency-based approach.

- by Rilale Uac
- •
- Reform, Paradigm Shifts, Competency Based Approach

Kyrgyz school education is in a catastrophic situation. The reading skills of 74 percent of fifteen-year old Kyrgyzstanis are below basic (“pass”) level. Math and sciences results are even worse – failing students constitute 84 percent and 82 percent respectively. Such were the shocking findings of an independent national survey administered in 2008. Earlier in 2006, Kyrgyzstan recorded the lowest score among the 57 countries that participated in the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA). With the Kyrgyz data for PISA-2009 just being processed, nothing can be stated confidently. However, the virtual inaction of responsible state bodies throughout the year hint that the situation is virtually unchanged.

- by Anvar Rahmetov
- •
- Education, Democracy, Reform, Kyrgyzstan
- by Dennis Masaka
- •
- Ethics, Reform, Human, Zimbabwe

GOVERNANCE REFORMS: COMPARATİVE PERSPECTİVES

- by Astana Yayınları
- •
- Governance, Reform, Governance Reforms, Comparative Perspective
- by Charles Aronu
- •
- Governance, Research, Reform, Public Policy

Yargı Reformu Strateji Belgesi, hukuksal anlamda yeni bir
vizyon ortaya koymaktadır. Belgede öne çıkan başlıkları “hukukun
üstünlüğünün güçlendirilmesi, hak ve özgürlüklerin daha etkin korunup
geliştirilmesi, yargı bağımsızlığı ve tarafsızlığının güçlendirilmesi,
sistemin şeffaflığının artırılması, yargısal süreçlerin basitleştirilmesi,
adalete erişimin kolaylaştırılması, savunma hakkının güçlendirilmesi
ve makul sürede yargılanma hakkının daha etkin korunması” olarak
sıralamak mümkündür (TC Adalet Bakanlığı, 2019). Bu bağlamda
reform hareketi, “adalet ve yargı sisteminde” kurumlara yeni görevler
tanımlamaktadır. Noterler, ‘‘vatandaş dostu” ve “yargı yükünü azaltıcı”
işlevleriyle Yargı Reformu Strateji Belgesi’nin önemli paydaşlarından
biri olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Bu makalede, Yargı Reformu Strateji
Belgesi’nde noterlere tanımlanan yeni sorumluluklarından “taşınmaz
devri”, yeni kamu işletmeciliği anlayışı perspektifinde incelenecektir.

- by Mehmet Metin Uzun and +2
- •
- Reform, Artes, Hukuk, Yeni Kamu İşletmeciliği Reformları

A central issue in system improvement is the propagation of a common sense of purpose where individual institutions can simultaneously bond with the wider system while exercising autonomy in context – hence the centrality of networks and collaboration (Hopkins 2007). The Maltese state education system responded to this concomitant move towards ‘network governance’ through the introduction of school networks (legally termed ‘colleges’), mandated by the policy document For All Children to Succeed (Ministry of Education, Youth and Employment 2005). I explore the implications of this move for the policy actors involved and the system within which this policy reception, translation and enactment unfold through a documentary analysis of the policy document FACTS, thus depicting how a relatively small state education system utilized multi-site school collaboratives to implement system-wide reform. Despite FACTS’ promise of autonomy, the state’s struggle for the retention of hegemony emerges very strongly – this has implications for policy and practice.

- by Denise Mifsud
- •
- Accountability, Autonomy, Networking, Reform
- by Luciano ragusa
- •
- Structure, Transformation, Reform, Learning

2012 yılında çıkarılan 6360 Sayılı Kanun ile birlikte yerel yönetimlerin yapısında büyük değişiklikler yapılmıştır. Büyükşehir belediyelerinin hizmet alanı il sınırlarına genişletilmiş, beldeler ve köyler mahalleye dönüştürülmüştür. İl Özel İdareleri kaldırılmış ve Yatırımları İzleme ve Koordinasyon Başkanlıkları kurulmuştur. Bu değişikliklerle birlikte; katılım başta olmak üzere yerel hizmetlerin sunulmasında etkinlik ve verimlilik ve bunlara bağlı olarak yerelleşme-merkezileşme tartışmaları hız kazanmıştır. 16 büyükşehir belediyesine 14 büyükşehir belediyesinin daha eklenmesiyle ülke nüfusunun yaklaşık %92’sinin belediye sınırları içinde yaşar hale gelmesi bu tartışmaların artarak devam etmesinde etkili olmuştur.6360 Sayılı Kanun öncesi, köy muhtarlığı ve il özel idareleri vasıtasıyla hizmet alan yerler 2014 yılı Nisan ayından itibaren ilçe belediyesi ve büyükşehir belediyesi ile tanışmış ve yerel hizmetler açısından birçok yeni durum ortaya çıkmıştır. Köy muhtarlıkları “icracı” k...

- by Mesut KOÇ
- •
- Local Government, Turkey, Reform, Türkiye

Today’s problems, which are not very different from those of any other period, more or less difficult in the life of the Church, should not be of particular concern to us, in the sense that it is not an absolute priority, but rather we... more

- by nicolae preda
- •
- Eucharist, Reform, Tradition, Canons

Thomas Aquinas (1224-1274) Hıristiyan Ortaçağ felsefesinin ünlü Skolastik düşünürüdür. Aristoteles felsefesini benimseyen ve insan aklının erişebileceği en muazzam yapı olarak değerlendiren Thomas, söz konusu rasyonel felsefeyi Hıristiyan inancıyla uzlaştırmaya çalışmıştır (Patristik düşünce). O, felsefe tarihinde kazandığı büyük ünü Hıristiyanlık ile Aristotelesçilik arasında yapmış olduğu senteze borçludur. Thomas'ın söz konusu sentezi, akıl ile iman arasındaki ona göre, ideal ilişkiyi ifade eder. IX. yüzyıldan sonra Ortaçağ düşüncesine üniversitelerinde kabul ettiği skolastik düşüncenin ve Aristoteles'in yeniden doğuşuna bağlı düşünce biçiminin hâkim olduğu söylenir. Thomas üzerinden döneme hâkim olan siyasal düşünceleri inceleyerek O’nun kendinden sonraki dönemlere etkisine ve toplum, yasa, yönetim biçimleri, meşru iktidar, mülkiyet gibi kavramlara Thomas'ın yüklediği anlamlara bakalım. Thomas'a göre yasa: "Yasa bir davranış kuralı ya da ölçüsüdür, bir şeyin yapılmasını emreder ya da yasaklar, yasa kişilerin tutum ve davranışlarıyla ilgili yükümlülükler getirir." Thomas akla vurgu yaparak şöyle devam ediyor: "İnsanın tutum ve davranışlarının kuralı ve ölçüsü ise akıldan başka bir şey değildir, çünkü akıl kişinin amacına ulaşabilmesi için yapması gereken ile kaçınması gerekeni gösterir. Böylece yasa aklın bir emri, kuralı olur." Thomas yasayı, "toplumu yönetme görevini üstlenmiş olan yöneticinin, ortak yararı sağlamak amacıyla koyduğu ve yayınladığı aklın emri" olarak tanımlıyor.

- by Emrah BOZKURT
- •
- Thomas Aquinas, Reform, Thomas Aquinas (Philosophy), Averroes
- by IOSR Journals
- •
- Economics, Supply Chain Management, Reform

Özet Birleşmiş Milletler Örgütü'nün kuruluşundan bu yana daimi üyeler diğer üye devletler üzerinde daimi üyelik sahipliği ve veto yetkisi ile üstünlük sağlamaktadır. Bu devletlere verilen veto yetkisi o zamanın şartlarında dünya barış ve güvenliğinin sağlanabilmesi adına büyük önem teşkil etmiştir. Fakat örgütün kuruluşundan bu yana birçok küresel denge değişmiştir. Daimi üyelerin bazıları gücünü yitirmiştir. Ayrıca barış ve güvenliğin tesisi için veto hakkının da büyük bir önemi kalmamıştır. Değişen küresel yapıya karşın BM Güvenlik Konseyi'nin yapısı gözle görülür bir değişime uğramamıştır. Üye sayısının hızla artmasına rağmen daimi üye sayısı neredeyse sabit kalmıştır. Bu da doğal olarak konseyin çoğulcu bir yapıya sahip olmasını engellemiştir. Veto hakkı nedeniyle demokratiklikten iyice uzaklaşılmıştır. Barış ve güvenliğin sağlanması adına verilen bu hak, hak sahibi devletler tarafından kendi çıkarları uğruna kullanılmış ve veriliş amacından tamamen sapmıştır. Tüm bu nedenlerle konseyin yeniden yapılanması durumu gündeme gelmektedir. Fakat bu yapılanmanın sağlanabilmesi için Birleşmiş Milletler Örgütü'nün sözleşmesinde ve usul kurallarında değişiklik yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu da maalesef veto hakkına haiz ülkelerin muvafakati ile gerçekleştirilebilecek bir değişimdir. Bu değişimle birlikte 5 daimi üye farklılıklarının ve GK üzerindeki gücünü kaybedecektir. Bu nedenle örgüt sisteminde köklü bir değişim yapılmasına yanaşmamaktadırlar. Anahtar Kelimeler: BM, veto, güvenlik konseyinin yeniden yapılanması, reform, daimi üye.

La reforma del régimen jurídico local conlleva la oportunidad de que los "funcionarios de Administración local con habilitación de carácter nacional", más allá de su rol tradicional de garantes de la legalidad, se conviertan en una suerte de curadores de la ética y la moralidad de la res publica de los entes locales en el Estado español, a través de lo que se denomina la "función de regeneración democrática" de las administraciones públicas. Este análisis se extiende a Italia, comparándose las soluciones que el ordenamiento jurídico italiano y el español dan a la probidad pública y a la lucha contra la corrupción.
The reform of local legal system involves the opportunity for the "local administration officials with national qualification" beyond its traditional role as guarantors of legality, to become a sort of curators of ethics and morality of the res publica of the local authorities in the Spanish State. It will be done through the so called "democratic regeneration function" of the government and public administrations. This analysis extends to Italy, comparing the solutions that the Italian legal system and the Spanish ones give to the public probity and to the fight against corruption.

Environmental justice was a notion coined in the U.S. in an attempt to protect the environments of minorities whose neighbourhoods had been used to store hazardous waste. Attempts have been made to evolve this concept on a global scale to protect the environments of periphery nations around the globe, whose environments have become dumpsites for the consequences of industrialization in the West. For example, industrial waste from the U.K. has been found in Guinea, U.S. industrial waste has been found in Zimbabwe, Italian industrial waste has been found in Nigeria, as it is more cost effective to store hazardous industrial waste in a Third World country, than in a Western-industrialized country, due to more stringent environmental policies in the latter. Likewise, there are numerous other Third World countries, which currently harbour industrial waste originating in the West. Harnessing insights from third world approaches to international law (TWAIL), one notices that the 1989 Basel Convention like other regimes of International law has proven to be unfruitful in protecting the environments of Third World peoples. More importantly, it is one thing for a private entity to conclude an agreement with a private person or with a corrupt government official in the Third World, to harbour industrial waste within the borders of his country; yet it is a totally different matter for an international investment arbitral tribunal to disregard a sovereign State’s attempts to protect its environment for the welfare of its people, to secure the interest of foreign investors, as ICSID did in relation to Mexico the Tecmed Case. However, this is might come as no surprise to those who recall the World Bank Memorandum, where Lawrence Summers, then chief economist, openly endorsed the dumping of hazardous waste in developing countries. Therefore as opposed to investment protection in many Third World countries, it does not seem that the protection of the environments of Third World countries are on the list of the priorities of this institution.

Immigration reform is made up of two differing extreme positions, but by seeking common ground, a more fair and balanced approach may be adopted in the best interests of all.Rather than trying to analyze positions as conservative or... more

- by Bill Piatt
- •
- History, Government, Immigration, Local Government
- by Emmanuel Oriola
- •
- Agronomy, Irrigation, Security, Agriculture

Recent financial crises highlight weaknesses in financial markets and the need for regulatory and supervisory bodies (RSB) to improve the stability of financial markets. Currently, international institutions like the IMF and the World Bank place the independent RSB among their principle policy recommendations to developing countries. This paper acknowledges the importance of independent RSB for the proper functioning of financial markets. However, this paper also points out the preconditions to establish independent RSB. Unless certain prerequisites are satisfied, policy recommendations to construct an independent RSB are doomed to fail. The recent Turkish experience is provided as a case study to elucidate this conclusion. This paper first presents the arguments for independent RSB and the policy recommendations in institution building for stronger financial system. Then, the background of Turkish experience for independent RSB is provided. Finally, we analyze the primary reasons f...

- by HUSEYIN AL
- •
- Banking, Regulation, IMF, Financial Markets

enomenal spread of unconventional means of payments has been one of the most controversial features of Russia's post-socialist economic development. Orthodox analyses tend to trace the causes of the non-monetary economy to the inconsistency of political reforms, to the legacy of the past, and to endemic corruption. This article challenges such accounts. From the perspective of international political economy, the proliferation of nonpayments, severe liquidity squeeze and the structural disjuncture between Russia's financial and productive circuits are the outcomes of the country's pursuit of the paradigm of the Washington Consensus. In this light, barter and nonpayments in Russia are neither the‘inevitable’features of the market restructuring, nor simply the residue of the command system. The non-monetary economy in Russia is a peculiar reaction to the politico-economic imperatives brought onto the country by the deregulated financial markets and by the neoliberal political ideology that underpins their global expansion.

- by Anastasia Nesvetailova
- •
- Reform, Russia, Financial Innovation, Monetary Surrogates
- by Shelley M Deane
- •
- Business, Finance, Migration, Lebanon

"La amplia incidencia del fracaso escolar en determinados grupos minoritarios sólo puede ser entendida desde un enfoque multidimensional. En este artículo se aborda una de estas dimensiones, el rol del contexto escolar en la construcción... more

- by Marta Padrós Castells
- •
- Discourse, Education Policy, Reform, Spain
- by Tekin AVANER
- •
- Reform, Kamu Yönetimi, Antropoloji, Türk Kamu Yönetimi

Özet Bir ülkenin kamu yönetiminin en önemli başarılarından birisi, kuşkusuz halka kamu hizmetlerini en iyi şekilde sunmaktır. Şayet ülkede uygulanan hizmetler nitelik ve nicelik olarak yetersiz kalıyor veya mevcut kaynaklar etkili ve verimli sunulamıyor ise, o ülkede kamu yönetimi reformunun uygulanması kaçınılmazdır. Her ülkenin farklı sosyal, kültürel, ekonomik ve yönetsel ihtiyaçları bulunduğundan, bunlara yönelik farklı öncelikler söz konusu olabilir. Ülkelerin farklı ihtiyaç ve önceliklerinin bulunması, dünyada çok sayıda değişik kamu yönetimi reformlarını karşımıza çıkarmaktadır. İşte bu çalışmanın esas amacı, dünyada ve Türkiye'de farklı kamu yönetimi reformlarını yeni perspektifler ve arayışlar çerçevesinde incelemek ve değerlendirmektir. Çalışmada önce dünyadaki kamu yönetimi reformları, genel bir bakış açısı altında ele alındıktan sonra, dünyada kamu yönetimi reformuna başarılı ülke örnekleri olarak sırasıyla ABD, İngiltere, Kanada, Yeni Zelanda ve Güney Kore deneyimleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Dünyada başlıca kamu yönetimi reformu uygulamaları açıklandıktan sonra, çalışmanın Türkiye kısmında ise, kamu yönetimi reformları 1923-1960 Dönemi, 1960-2000 Dönemi ve 2000'li Yıllar Dönemi olmak üzere üç dönem altında ele alınmıştır. Çalışma, daha sonra gerek dünyada gerekse Türkiye'de kamu yönetimi reformlarının başlıca ortak özelliklerinin neler olduğunun ortaya konması ile tamamlanmıştır. Abstract One of the most important achievements of the public administration of a country is to present public services in the best possible way. If the services that are implemented in the country are inadequate in quality and quantity, or if available resources can not be presented effectively and efficiently, the reform of public administration in that country has become inevitable. As each country has different social, cultural, economic and managerial needs, there can be different priorities for different countries. The existence of different needs and priorities of countries brings up a large number of different public administration reforms in the world.

- by SEMİH MUSTAFA ÖNEN and +1
- •
- Reform, Yeni Kamu Yönetimi, Kamu Yönetimi Reformu, Dünyada Kamu Yönetimi Reformları
- by Journal : Social Sciences and Missions
- •
- Mozambique, Islam, Reform, Muslims