Regional and Urban economics Research Papers (original) (raw)
Resumen: La aprobación, en abril de 2010, del Plan Territorial Metropolitano de Barcelona (PTMB) constituye una destacada novedad en el panorama de la planificación y gestión del territorio en España. En efecto, pese a la profundización... more
Resumen: La aprobación, en abril de 2010, del Plan Territorial Metropolitano de Barcelona (PTMB) constituye una destacada novedad en el panorama de la planificación y gestión del territorio en España. En efecto, pese a la profundización de las dinámicas metropolitanas, las grandes ciudades españolas no han conocido en los últimos años un avance significativo del planeamiento supramunicipal. En este contexto, el PTMB, que viene a cerrar más de 50 años de polémicas e intentos fallidos, presenta algunos aspectos de especial interés disciplinar y ciudadano. El artículo analiza el documento, haciendo especial hincapié en las cuestiones de carácter metodológico, técnico y de procedimiento administrativo. Así, el trabajo se divide en tres apartados: en el primero se analiza la naturaleza jurídica del plan; en el segundo se expone su proceso de elaboración, tramitación y aprobación; finalmente, el tercer apartado entra a presentar los contenidos del plan en referencia a los espacios abiertos, los asentamientos urbanos y las infraestructuras. Unas breves conclusiones cierran el artículo. Palabras clave: Barcelona, dinámicas metropolitanas, planificación territorial. Coping with Metropolitan Dynamics. The Metropolitan Plan of Barcelona (Abstract) The adoption in April 2010 of the Barcelona Metropolitan Plan (PTMB) is a remarkable novelty in the panorama of spatial planning and urban policies in Spain. Indeed, despite the deepening of the metropolitan dynamics, the large Spanish cities have not known in recent years a significant advance in metropolitan planning. In this context, the PTMB, that comes to close more than 50 years of controversy and failed attempts, presents some aspects of remarkable interest from both academic and policy perspectives. The article analyzes the document, with special emphasis on methodological issues, technical aspects
This edited volume offers a critical reflection on the failed experiment to redevelop the city of Rio de Janeiro according to the neoliberal strategy of entrepreneurial urban governance and mercantile regulatory transformations, which... more
This edited volume offers a critical reflection on the failed experiment to redevelop the city of
Rio de Janeiro according to the neoliberal strategy of entrepreneurial urban governance and
mercantile regulatory transformations, which were leveraged by mega-sporting events. The
case of Rio de Janeiro is presented as an example of a failing global strategy for urban
redevelopment, entrepreneurial urban governance and the realization of mega-events. This
book aims to present the real and critical state of the legacies of such mega-events. It shows
how instead of the promised economic redemption, Rio is experiencing a severe economic,
politicaland social crisis,handling three observation perspectives: the first is the description of
urban transformations and mega events,assessing the contradictions in the model for the
intended urban development and taking into account historical factors both at local and
national level; the second restricts on neighborhoods as case studies representing an ensign of
a neoliberal urban transformation’ results; the third links city and citizenship focusing tensions
and inconsistencies and opening up a perspective on the importance of fostering the concept
of citizenship, including actions, movements and initiatives that express the resistance and
struggles around a possible new destination for Rio de Janeiro.
Prof. Luiz Cesar de Quieroz
Ribeiro and Dr.Filippo Bignami as General Editors thank Ana Paula Soares Carvalho, Humberto
Meza, Niccoló Cuppini and Orlando dos Santos Junior for their contributions as co-editors of this book.
O estudo analisa a concentração da atividade econômica nos municípios do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Desse modo, os fatores relaciona-dos à localização geográfica que podem influenciar a desigualdade no desenvolvimento regional são... more
O estudo analisa a concentração da atividade econômica nos municípios do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Desse modo, os fatores relaciona-dos à localização geográfica que podem influenciar a desigualdade no desenvolvimento regional são levados em consideração. O nível de atividade econômica em Minas Gerais, Brasil é ana-lisado a partir dos padrões de concentração da estrutura produtiva captados pelo Indicador de Atividade Econômica Municipal (IAEM). Esse Indicador identifica diferentes dimensões do de-senvolvimento municipal, tal como, abertura ex-terna, mercado de trabalho, atividade bancária e arrecadação municipal. Com esse propósito, um modelo econométrico com controle para endogeneidade causada pela distribuição espacial dos dados é estimado. Os principais resultados trazem evidências que reforçam a heterogeneidade regional do estado e a importância da localização geográfica, das forças de aglomeração e da infraestrutura de transportes para o nível de atividade econômica nos municípios mineiros
This paper estimates the causal relationship between the supply of the art and incoming and outgoing tourist flows. We use aggregate bilateral data on tourist flows and on museums in twenty Italian regions. To solve the potential... more
This paper estimates the causal relationship between the supply of the art and incoming and outgoing tourist flows. We use aggregate bilateral data on tourist flows and on museums
in twenty Italian regions. To solve the potential endogeneity of the supply of museums we use a measure of historical patronage: the number of noble families. Exploiting the instrument we find strong evidence of a causal relationship between museums and tourist
flows. Local supply of art helps retaining cultural consumers.
In recent years, the world has seen the emergence of a number of urban projects which, under the banner of experimentation, have promoted alternative models of city-making capable, in theory, of creating sustainable built environments.... more
In recent years, the world has seen the emergence of a number of urban projects which, under the banner of experimentation, have promoted alternative models of city-making capable, in theory, of creating sustainable built environments. Among these supposedly experimental models, the smart city and the eco-city stand out in terms of geographical diffusion, and are hailed by their advocates as the mark of an innovative urbanism based on a scientific approach to urban development. Through the analysis of Hong Kong and Masdar City, examples of a smart-city agenda and an eco-city project respectively, this paper questions the sustainability of so-called smart cities and eco-cities, by investigating the extent to which they are developed in a controlled and systematic manner as their developers claim. More specifically, the paper counterclaims mainstream understandings of smart and ecological urbanism, arguing that what are promoted as cohesive settlements shaped by a homogeneous vision of the sustainable city, are actually fragmented cities made of disconnected and often incongruous pieces of urban fabric. Theoretically, these claims are discussed through the concept of Frankenstein urbanism which draws upon Mary Shelley's novel as a metaphor for unsuccessful experiments generated by the forced union of different, incompatible elements.
The aim of writing this paper is to analyse the impact of the growth of e-commerce for businesses, consumers and society as well as the extent of regional development influence the development of e-commerce in Indonesia.. The methods used... more
The aim of writing this paper is to analyse the impact of the growth of e-commerce for businesses, consumers and society as well as the extent of regional development influence the development of e-commerce in Indonesia.. The methods used in the writing of this paper is literature study using literature from experts both from Indonesia and overseas country as well as in establishing the framework of thought is supported with interviews against the businessman of the e-commerce i.e. clothing online as well as consumers who bought goods online. In developing a framework also supported by the data from the survey institution which published in the credible mass media as well as data from institutions that are related to e-commerce. In brief, the concept of e-commerce is trade transactions using electronic devices that connected each other in a virtual space. E-commerce has significant positive impact both for businesses, consumers or society. E-commerce expansion in Indonesia was influenced by the quality of human resources, network infrastructure and the availability of electricity where these three factors are interrelated in influencing the expansion of the e-commerce. INTISARI Tujuan dari penulisan paper ini adalah untuk menganalisis dampak dari perkembangan e-commerce bagi pebisnis, konsumen dan masyarakat serta Mengidentifikasi sejauh mana tingkat perkembangan wilayah mempengaruhi perkembangan e-commerce di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan paper ini adalah studi literatur dengan menggunakan literatur dari para ahli baik dari dalam maupun luar negeri serta dalam membangun kerangka pemikiran didukung dengan wawancara terhadap pelaku e-commerce yaitu penjual pakaian online serta konsumen yang pernah membeli barang secara online. Dalam membangun kerangka pemikiran juga didukung data dari lembaga survei yang dimuat dalam media massa kredibel serta data dari instansi yang terkait dengan aktivitas e-commerce. Secara singkat, konsep dari e-commerce adalah perdagangan yang transaksinya menggunakan perantara perangkat elektronik yang terhubung satu sama lain dalam ruang virtual. E-commerce memiliki dampak positif yang signifikan baik bagi pebisnis, konsumen maupun masyarakat. Perkembangan e-commerce di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh kualitas sumber daya manusia, infrastruktur jaringan internet, serta ketersediaan jaringan ketenagalistrikan di mana ketiga faktor tersebut saling berkaitan dalam mempengaruhi perkembangan e-commerce.
There has been an increase in agglomerative subcentering over the past two decades in many large metropolitan areas. What present society describes as urban sprawl or suburban flight may simply be a natural process of urbanregional... more
There has been an increase in agglomerative subcentering
over the past two decades in many large metropolitan
areas. What present society describes as urban sprawl or
suburban flight may simply be a natural process of urbanregional
development, consistent with monocentric urban
thought and development extending backwards in time for more
than two millenia. By objective, the theoretical work of
this dissertation emulates major monocentric models developed
over the past three millenia to develop an extended
mathematical model with agglomerative subcenters. Next, the
empirical work tests this extended model against observations
of Major Retail Centers (MRCs) for radially monocentric
SMSAs. Through a two-step econometric technique which
includes a model-specification error test, the results
ascertain the existence and locations of peak subcenter
activity at an average of approximately half the distance
from the Central Business District to the furthest MRC.
This position concurs with Plato's ideal model of Magnesia
and other works of the past three millenia.
This work examines the problems of Rapid Urbanisation in Port Harcourt as a cosmopolitan city which has attracted migrants from all parts of the world, and these problems have attracted the attention of both the State and Federal... more
This work examines the problems of Rapid Urbanisation in Port Harcourt as a cosmopolitan city which has attracted migrants from all parts of the world, and these problems have attracted the attention of both the State and Federal Governments because of the realization that if the present pace of urbanization is not checked, the benefits of urbanization will be counterproductive. Therefore, this study looked at the extent to which the housing stock is replenished, the pace of urbanization and how it matches the rate of employment generation, how well was the provision of infrastructures such as roads, social services, etc. whether they were adequate to meet the needs of the bourgeoning populace, and whether the mono-city status of Port Harcourt accounts for the congestion and criminal activities experienced in Port Harcourt. Primary and secondary data were collected and analysed. Our findings revealed that the mono-city status of Port Harcourt contributed greatly to the congestion of the city and accounts for the criminal activities experienced to a large extent. Abstract-This work examines the problems of Rapid Urbanisation in Port Harcourt as a cosmopolitan city which has attracted migrants from all parts of the world, and these problems have attracted the attention of both the State and Federal Governments because of the realization that if the present pace of urbanization is not checked, the benefits of urbanization will be counterproductive. Therefore, this study looked at the extent to which the housing stock is replenished, the pace of urbanization and how it matches the rate of employment generation, how well was the provision of infrastructures such as roads, social services, etc. whether they were adequate to meet the needs of the bourgeoning populace, and whether the mono-city status of Port Harcourt accounts for the congestion and criminal activities experienced in Port Harcourt. Primary and secondary data were collected and analysed. Our findings revealed that the mono-city status of Port Harcourt contributed greatly to the congestion of the city and accounts for the criminal activities experienced to a large extent. We also observed and found that the pace of urbanization of Port Harcourt does not match the employment generation expected of it; and that the provisions of infrastructure such as roads, social services etc. were inadequate to meet the needs of the burgeoning population of Port Harcourt. The Government is advised to put in place certain developmental policies in a well-articulated manner to improve the living standards of the populace.
Este libro reúne una veintena de textos de especialistas españoles e italianos que intervinieron en un seminario internacional celebrado en la Universidad de Zaragoza los días 2 y 3 de julio de 2015. Dicho encuentro fue la última... more
Este libro reúne una veintena de textos de especialistas españoles e italianos que intervinieron en un seminario internacional celebrado en la Universidad de Zaragoza los días 2 y 3 de julio de 2015. Dicho encuentro fue la última actividad organizada por el proyecto de investigación de ámbito internacional que ha liderado el profesor Paulino Iradiel desde la Universitat de València durante 2012-2015. Se trata sin duda de una potente obra colectiva que actualiza el debate sobre las identidades urbanas en la Baja Edad Media a través de la historia comparada de las principales ciudades de la Corona de Aragón en perspectiva euromediterránea.
The paper deals with the commercial relations between Cuenca and Valencia at the end of the 15th century. It begins by underlining the historiographical interest of the subject and the main circumstances of these relations that previous... more
The paper deals with the commercial relations between Cuenca and Valencia at the end of the 15th century. It begins by underlining the historiographical interest of the subject and the main circumstances of these relations that previous research has highlighted. From here, the study sets out the research that the author has carried out on Valencian sources, mainly notarial ones. Its most evident results are: 1) the drawing up of a list of 108 operators from Cuenca who maintained interests in Valencia between 1457 and 1506; 2) the establishment of the importance of the wool trade from Cuenca, although this was combined with other mercantile and financial lines; 3) the definition of the existence of a plural collective of people from Cuenca in Valencia, who articulated not only economic and mercantile links, but also human and social flows.
Special economic zone (SEZ) is a geographically delimited area which is physically secured, has single management and administrative unit and duty free environment (Zeng, 2015). In India SEZs established to solve the problem of... more
Special economic zone (SEZ) is a geographically delimited area which is physically secured, has single
management and administrative unit and duty free environment (Zeng, 2015). In India SEZs established to
solve the problem of infrastructural deficiency, complex business procedure, bureaucratic hassles and
barriers raised by monetary, trade, fiscal, taxation, tariff and labour policies (Doharmann, 2008). SEZ in
India was conceived by the Commerce and Industries Minister Murosoli Maran during a visit to Special
Economic Zone in China in 1999. The scheme was announced at the time of annual review of Export Import
Policies from 1.4.2000. The basic idea is to establish the zone as area where economic activities could take
place free from all rules and regulations and to give them operational flexibility. So this paper aims at
analyzing establishment of SEZ in India and to assess their spatial and sectoral distribution. To fulfill this
objective data related to notification, establishment of SEZs, spatial and sectoral distribution of SEZs and
contribution of SEZs in Indian GDP are collected from different sources such as Development
Commissioner of SEZ and ministry of commerce and industries on temporal basis. These data are tabulated
in MS Excel, where analysis part is carried out. The whole research is based on descriptive research and
comparative study and analytical logic developed through the understandings from various research papers,
reports, books, journals, newspapers and online data bases. Simple growth rate is calculated to show the
temporal change in approval of SEZs in India. It is found in this study that SEZs causes uneven
geographical developments in India. Recent developments of SEZs suggest that advanced state and city
regions have attracted much of the investment in SEZs like Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu,
Karnataka, Gujarat and Haryana have attracted a large number of SEZs in comparison to other states while
under-developed areas have been ignored by the SEZ developers. In the sector-wise composition of SEZs,
majority of IT/ITES SEZs are either formally approved or notified. However, as far as SEZs in principle are
concerned, the numbers of Multi-product SEZs are greater as compared to other categories of SEZs. Typewise
distribution of SEZs provides that most of the SEZs belong to the category of IT/ITES, but a large area
is allocated to multi-product SEZs. Size-wise distribution of SEZs shows that maximum numbers of SEZs
are either tiny or small. But most of the area is allocated to large SEZs. It has also been observed that most
of the tiny SEZs carry out IT/ITES activities and almost all the large size SEZs are Multi-product SEZs. It is
evident from the analysis that SEZs contributes in the export and GDP of India.
Waldo Tobler is an American-Swiss geographer and cartographer. Tobler's idea that "Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related to each other" is referred to as the "first law of geography." He's a pioneer in... more
Waldo Tobler is an American-Swiss geographer and cartographer. Tobler's idea that "Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related to each other" is referred to as the "first law of geography." He's a pioneer in using computers for mapping and his work is a base of today's GIS concepts.
I seek to synthesize several different approaches to issues of urban land redevelopment and the built environment. The essay focuses on developments in the third and current historical wave of capitalist development. I describe the... more
I seek to synthesize several different approaches to issues of urban land redevelopment and the built environment. The essay focuses on developments in the third and current historical wave of capitalist development. I describe the economic logic of land-use change with reference to both commercial and residential property. This logic has become intimately intertwined with global finance and this state of affairs has introduced new elements of fluidity and risk into the built environment. Issues of urban policy and the role of municipal authorities in shaping urban land markets are then considered. I describe how agencies of local government increasingly pursue development projects in complex partnerships with representatives of the real-estate industry. In the second half of the paper, the overall argument is recast by reference to three important trends in regard to land-redevelopment and the built environment in third-wave cities, namely, the economic and architectural renaissance of central business districts, the widespread gentrification of inner-city neighborhoods, and the emergence of a new post-suburban phase of peripheral urban expansion.
This study is among the first to investigate whether patterns of access to basic services could explain the disproportionately severe impact of COVID-19 in slums. Using geolocated containment zones and COVID-19 case data for Mumbai,... more
This study is among the first to investigate whether patterns of access to basic services could explain the disproportionately severe impact of COVID-19 in slums. Using geolocated containment zones and COVID-19 case data for Mumbai, India’s most populous city, we find that cases and case fatality rates are higher in slums compared to formal residential buildings. Our results show that while access to toilets for men is associated with lower COVID-19 prevalence, the effect is opposite in the case of toilets for women. This could be because limited hours for safely using toilets and higher waiting times increase risk of exposure, and women and children sharing toilet facilities results in crowding. Proximity to water pipelines has no effect on prevalence, likely because slumdwellers are disconnected from for- mal water supply networks. Indoor crowding does not seem to have an effect on case prevalence. Finally, while police capacity – measured by number of police station outposts – is associated with lower prevalence in non-slum areas, indicat- ing effective enforcement of containment, this relationship does not hold in slums. The study highlights the urgency of finding viable solutions for slum improvement and upgrading to mitigate the effects of contagion for some of the most vulnerable populations.
For several years, the Zambian economy relied on the mining sector, which has been affected by fluctuations in commodity prices. The new century enhanced the calls for economic diversification, with the agricultural, manufacturing, and... more
For several years, the Zambian economy relied on the mining sector, which has been affected by fluctuations in commodity prices. The new century enhanced the calls for economic diversification, with the agricultural, manufacturing, and services sectors amongst those pronounced. This article focused on the role of agriculture in supporting the economy, particularly, the effect of agriculture on economic growth. The data analyzed was reviewed for the period 1983–2017. The ARDL Bounds Test was applied in order to meet the said objectives. The ECM results suggest that agriculture, manufacturing, services, and mining converge to an equilibrium and affect economic growth at the speed of adjustment of 90.6%, with the effect from agriculture, mining, and services being significant. The impact of agriculture on economic growth was significant in both the short-run and long-run, with coefficient unit effects of 0.428 and 0.342, respectively. The effects are strong because more than two-thirds...
A review is presented of the requirements of a framework for the delineation of housing market areas (HMAs) in the context of undertaking a housing market assessment. This prompts adoption of a methodology that features an iterative... more
A review is presented of the requirements of a framework for the delineation of housing market areas (HMAs) in the context of undertaking a housing market assessment. This prompts adoption of a methodology that features an iterative application of information obtained from estate agents, to identify HMA cores, and a functional regionalisation of 2001 Census interward migration fl ows. The approach is demonstrated using data for North West England. The concluding section explores some implications of the HMA framework for policy and future research.
Addressing the continuous need for new growth sectors in post-industrial cities, this book considers the economic significance of wellness from a development policy perspective. The author goes beyond personal health discourse to... more
Addressing the continuous need for new growth sectors in post-industrial cities, this book considers the economic significance of wellness from a development policy perspective. The author goes beyond personal health discourse to conceptualise wellness as an emerging industry, presenting empirical cases of community, attraction, and export-orientated strategies around the world. Combining holistic health, urban governance and economic development, this book will provide valuable reading for those studying policy, tourism and the wellness sector as well as business entrepreneurs within this evolving industry.
For several years, the Zambian economy relied on the mining sector, which has been affected by fluctuations in commodity prices. The new century enhanced the calls for economic diversification, with the agricultural, manufacturing, and... more
For several years, the Zambian economy relied on the mining sector, which has been affected by fluctuations in commodity prices. The new century enhanced the calls for economic diversification, with the agricultural, manufacturing, and services sectors amongst those pronounced. This article focused on the role of agriculture in supporting the economy, particularly, the effect of agriculture on economic growth. The data analyzed was reviewed for the period 1983-2017. The ARDL Bounds Test was applied in order to meet the said objectives. The ECM results suggest that agriculture, manufacturing, services, and mining converge to an equilibrium and affect economic growth at the speed of adjustment of 90.6%, with the effect from agriculture, mining, and services being significant. The impact of agriculture on economic growth was significant in both the short-run and long-run, with coefficient unit effects of 0.428 and 0.342, respectively. The effects are strong because more than two-thirds of the rural population rely on farming, and agriculture has stood as a catalyst for food security. For the effect of agriculture to be much more profound, farmers must be supported with adequate infrastructure, accessibility to markets, farming inputs, better irrigation techniques, which would address the problem of reliance on rain, all of which were inconsistent in the last decade. Additionally, governments must ensure the institutionalization of food processing industries which add more value to the national income.
Nowadays digitalization is one of the key global drivers of change. It acts as a catalyst for transition in all aspects of our lives. With this transition occurring at present, the traditional models of our society and economy are being... more
Nowadays digitalization is one of the key global drivers of change. It acts as a catalyst for transition in all aspects of our lives. With this transition occurring at present, the traditional models of our society and economy are being challenged on a daily basis. Solutions provided by technology are becoming more accessible and commonly implemented in everyday practices. The presence of innovative companies, SMEs and R&D activities are considered crucial elements of the competitiveness of a certain region; however, it is worth to highlight that besides these elements, the role of the government and the public sector should also be accentuated. The competitiveness of the region can also be improved by focusing on providing redefined services tailored to meet the needs of citizens of a new, digital era. With digitalization, there is an opportunity for governments to be more in terms of inclusiveness, transparency and trustworthiness, hence operating in a more effective way than before. The goal of the paper is to systematize the connections between regional competitiveness and governments of the digital age.
Pigou (1920) advocated for taxes, set equal to marginal damages, on goods produced and consumed that involve negative externalities. Samuelson (1954) laid out the conditions for optimal pure public goods provision, but noted that... more
Pigou (1920) advocated for taxes, set equal to marginal damages, on goods produced and consumed that involve negative externalities. Samuelson (1954) laid out the conditions for optimal pure public goods provision, but noted that free-riding (the “demand revelation” problem) was likely to pose great difficulties in knowing what public goods to provide (e.g. which species do we save) and how much to provide (e.g. how much air or water quality is optimal). Both Pigou and Samuelson believed that non-excludability implied that government intervention was required for proper resource allocation. However, Coase (1960) argued that, if transactions costs are sufficiently small and a legal system exists to define/enforce property rights, government intervention is unnecessary. Under the conditions underlying the Coase Theorem, externalities would be self-internalizing without need for Pigouvian taxes, and public goods would also be provided optimally by the private sector. Because of the stringency of the conditions underlying the Coase Theorem, however, controversy about its importance continues to this day. I add to the controversy here by describing a previously unexplored relationship between externalities, public goods, and property rights. The claim to be defended here is that non-excludable goods—particularly environmental goods—are undervalued by the methods currently employed by economists. This implies that Pigouvian taxes should generally be larger than currently thought and that command and control regulations are too lax. The Coase Theorem is seen to have less relevance than is typically supposed.
For several years, the Zambian economy relied on the mining sector, which has been affected by fluctuations in commodity prices. The new century enhanced the calls for economic diversification, with the agricultural, manufacturing, and... more
For several years, the Zambian economy relied on the mining sector, which has been affected by fluctuations in commodity prices. The new century enhanced the calls for economic diversification, with the agricultural, manufacturing, and services sectors amongst those pronounced. This article focused on the role of agriculture in supporting the economy, particularly, the effect of agriculture on economic growth. The data analyzed was reviewed for the period 1983-2017. The ARDL Bounds Test was applied in order to meet the said objectives. The ECM results suggest that agriculture, manufacturing, services, and mining converge to an equilibrium and affect economic growth at the speed of adjustment of 90.6%, with the effect from agriculture, mining, and services being significant. The impact of agriculture on economic growth was significant in both the short-run and long-run, with coefficient unit effects of 0.428 and 0.342, respectively. The effects are strong because more than two-thirds...
L'article analitza la situació del mercat de l'habitatge en la situació de crisi econòmica i social. En fer-ho, avança diverses propostes relatives a les polítiques públiques entre les que destaquen: evitar el retrocessos en els avenços... more
L'article analitza la situació del mercat de l'habitatge en la situació de crisi econòmica i social. En fer-ho, avança diverses propostes relatives a les polítiques públiques entre les que destaquen: evitar el retrocessos en els avenços legislatius i de planejament aconseguits de l’any 2002 ençà, mantenir les reserves obligatòries d’HPO (que ha d’estar present en tot el territori) i limitar els creixements desordenats, desproporcionats o ambientalment insostenibles. De la mateixa manera, propugna no separar les polítiques d’habitatge de la resta de polítiques socials i urbanes, en particular les de rehabilitació urbana.
In the initial part of the article its author presents basic information about Polish special economic zones. Next there are discussed variants of obtaining regional assistance by entrepreneurs investing in SEZs. Particular emphasis is... more
In the initial part of the article its author presents basic information about Polish special economic zones. Next there are discussed variants of obtaining regional assistance by entrepreneurs investing in SEZs. Particular emphasis is put on detailed analysis related to specific variants as well as conditions indispensable for carrying them out. Theoretical discussion is supported by detailed simulations of different investment variants and potential public assistance related to them. The article is supplemented by information regarding costs of entering and functioning in special economic zones.
- by David Igual Luis and +1
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- Medieval History, Maritime History, Mediterranean, Seafarers