Rural Women Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

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- Research Methodology, Poverty, Primary Health Care, Reproduction
- by Manoshi B Deka
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- Indian studies, Socio-Economic Status, India, Indology
- by lina gubhaju
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- Australia, Multidisciplinary, Insulin Resistance, Gestational diabetes

Self Help Groups have been a part of rural employment in India since 1985 (Nair,2015). While the purpose of these groups is to employ and empower rural populations, especially individuals that either have no economic means; or those who are employed in non- economic activities, their success rate so far has been debatable(Deininger and Liu, 2019).
In 2021, on the occasion of the Fiftieth Anniversary of Statehood, the Government of Himachal Pradesh attempted to reboot the Self Help Groups in various rural pockets throughout the state, with a special focus on reviving handicrafts, while providing money and economic incentives to rural women. The present case study attempts to analyse this new trend for self-help groups in business with respect to women of Mahi Panchayat of the Kandaghat Block of District Solan, where women of 13 Self Help Groups of Mahi Gram Panchayat have been employed in basketry using pine needles.
For the purpose of this study several individual members of the said SHGs were personally interviewed and supervising authorities were consulted. Also, the data records with these groups and in charge of Himachal State Emporium were accessed. Through this study, therefore, an attempt has been made to understand how successful this endeavor has been in the economic emancipation of the women involved and how sustainable this venture is in terms of raw materials used and objects made.

- by Navita Gautam
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- Economic Sociology, Women's Studies, Rural women's empowerment, Self Help Groups

Little is known about rural women&amp;#39;s knowledge about osteoporosis. To explore what women from high-prevalence rural communities know about osteoporosis and to assess their learning preferences. We surveyed 437 women in rural Washington and Oregon. The response rate was 93% (N = 406). The mean age of respondents was 63 years (range 16-95) and 74% (n = 301) of women were postmenopausal. While 27% over age 40 (n = 111) reported having a fracture as an adult, less than half of this group (42%, n = 47) considered themselves at risk for osteoporosis. Of the 42% (n = 171) who rated their knowledge of osteoporosis good or excellent, only 18% (n = 30) answered calcium and vitamin D questions correctly. About half (53%; n = 214) exercised 3 or more times per week. Reported sources of osteoporosis information included television, magazines, health care providers, and personal contacts. Over half of the women in this study wanted more information about osteoporosis, most wanted it before age 50, and health care providers were a preferred source. Less than half of participants reported having Internet access. While many participants underestimated their osteoporosis risk, most women wanted to learn more about osteoporosis and health care providers remain a preferred source of information.

- by Dawn Dewitt
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- Nursing, Health Education, Vitamin D, Calcium
- by Sangita Sharma
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- Nutrition and Dietetics, Food, Physical Activity, Diet
- by AISHA MUKHTAR
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- Geography, International Development, Agricultural Development, Gender
- by Bolaji Adeniji
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- International Development, Gender, Rural Development, Agriculture

This chapter is about the construction of birth in rural Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, maternal deaths are very prevalent, 320 per 100,000 live births annually, and the construct of birth that is produced in everyday life results in many... more

- by sabina rashid
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- Maternal Health, Everyday Life, Case Study, Health System

The performance and impact of a decentralized biomass gasifier-based power generation system in an unelectrified village are presented. In Hosahalli village, Karnataka, India, lighting, drinking water, irrigation water and flour-milling services are provided using power derived from the biomass gasifier-based power generation system. The system consists of a 20 kW gasifier-engine generator system with all the accessories for fuel processing and electricity distribution.The biomass power system has functioned for over 14 years (1988–2004) in Hosahalli village (population of 218 during 2003), meeting all the electricity needs of the village. Lighting and piped drinking water supply using biomass electricity, was provided for over 85% of the days during the past six years. The fuel, operation and maintenance cost ranged from Rs 5.85/kWh at a load of 5 kW to Rs 3.34/kWh at a load of 20 kW. Technical, social, economic and management-related lessons learnt are presented here.

- by H.I. Somashekar
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- Climate Change, Power System, Quality of life, Social Development

Who Takes the Credit? Gender, Power, and Control ... Over Loan Use in Rural Credit Programs ... ANNE MARIE GOETZ Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, UK ... Summary. - Special credit institutions in Bangladesh have dramatically... more

- by anne marie goetz
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- Economics, Rural Women, World Development, Performance Measure
- by Margherita Russo
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- Community Development, Education Policy, National Identity, Regional development

The intent of this study is to explore why and in what ways rural, poor women in Bangladesh adhere to indigenous birth practices and resist cosmopolitan obstetric care. To understand the complexities of childbirth, a multidimensional framework encompassing culture, gender, socio-economic, political economy and historical perspectives is used. I used ethnographic methods to have deeper understanding of childbirth practices predominantly

- by Kaosar Afsana
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- Political Economy, Maternal Health, Health Science, Participant Observation

This paper examines women's experience of fear of crime in rural areas. It argues that much existing research on issues of gender, fear and safety have focused on urban areas and that as a result we know relatively little about women's experience of fear in a rural context. As well as arguing that we need to redress the balance and respond to the dearth of knowledge about rural women's fear, the paper asserts the importance of a rural perspective in understanding the relationship between fear and the social and cultural construction of place. The rural in particular provides an important site for such an understanding since, as is argued here, the notion of safety is central to constructions of rurality. The paper presents data on rural women's experience of fear and crime from research carried out in New Zealand and the UK. It draws on work undertaken in four rural communities and begins to identify the extent and nature of women's fears and how these relate to their experience of rurality. The paper shows how while popular constructions of the rural as friendly, safe and largely crime free endure, there is a recognition amongst rural women of the growing problems surrounding personal safety. It also demonstrates the importance of social constructions of the rural community in identifying the relevance of the ‘stranger’ and the marginalised ‘other’ to women's feelings of fear.

- by Ruth Panelli
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- Sociology, Human Geography, Exclusion, Fear of Crime
- by Rose Hana
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- Economics, Case Study, Sample Survey, Rural Women

Tawana Pakistan Project, a multifaceted pilot project (Sept. 2002 to June 2005) was funded by the Government of Pakistan to address poor nutritional status and school enrollment of primary school age girls. The core strategy was to create safe environment empowering village women to take collective decisions. Through reflective learning process women learnt to plan balanced menus, purchase food, prepare and serve a noon meal at school from locally available foods at nominal costs (USD 0.12/child). Aga Khan University partnered the government for the design, management, monitoring and evaluation of the project, 11 NGO's facilitated implementation in 4035 rural government girls' schools. Training was provided to 663 field workers, 4383 community organizers, 4336 school teachers and around 95 thousand rural women. Height and weight were recorded at baseline and every 6 months thereafter. Wasting, underweight and stunting decreased by 45%, 22% and 6% respectively. Enrollment inc...

Women's rights and customary law are often understood as being in opposition to one another. This article challenges the usefulness of the prevailing custom/rights dichotomy, arguing that it obscures the way in which struggles to claim resources such as land combine 'human rights' equality claims with claims to customary entitlements. The article focuses on contestation over who has the power to define custom, rights and customary entitlements. It discusses the democratic potential inherent in Constitutional Court judgments that define customary law as 'living law' reflecting changing practice, and the dangers posed by national legislation that reinforces the power of traditional leaders to unilaterally define custom. It argues for legal strategies that engage with, and support, the struggles for change taking place at the interface between custom and rights in the former reserves. We draw on insights about the nature of rights and rights struggles in the work of Nedelsky, Nyamu Musembi and Merry to argue for an approach to rights that focuses on the relationships and power relations that rights mediate, rather than solely on rights as 'boundaries of autonomy'. Moreover, engaging with processes of women claiming, redefining and 'vernacularising' rights within their communities relates directly to the project of engendering socioeconomic rights, given the primacy of claims of need, and of access to material resources, within indigenous constructs of relative rights.

- by Aninka Claassens
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- Women's Rights, Customary Law, Land Law, Rural Women

The study aims to understand the food habit and dietary nutritional status of rural women in Bangladesh. The research is based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data collected from a structured questionnaire survey through interview and observation when some secondary data also collected from different sources. 384 respondents have been interviewed form nine villages of Ishwardi, Pabna; a NorthWestern district of Bangladesh. According to primary survey, 90% of our respondents are literate and 43% households earn less than monthly 16 thousand local currencies equivalent to around 200 USD. Every four out of five women are housewife or work in home and rest of them work outside. Rice is the staple food where 38.06% respondents took rice three times per day and 54.72% women have rice twice. Around 64% respondents took fruits daily but around 80% respondents have chicken on weekly basis. Even, 17.9% people took chicken monthly basis. Less than 2% women drink milk daily and 50.3% women drink on weekly basis. 50.52% respondents have normal body mass index (BMI) condition. The women from Hindu religious background are vegetarian in general. So they don't consume animal beef, meat or chicken. 63.3% women ate egg once in a week and 3.67% consume it daily. Though the overall dietary condition of women is improving in developing country like Bangladesh, but it is still not sufficient for many.

- by Akib Javed and +2
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- Food and Nutrition, Bangladesh, Rural Women, Food habits
- by Tahir Hasnain and +1
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- Rural Women

Este trabajo se realizó en Salvatierra, Guanajuato, responde a la pregunta de ¿qué es lo que cambió y qué lo es que permaneció en la propiedad de la tierra por parte de las mujeres, en el municipio de Salvatierra, Guanajuato?, el objetivo fue estudiar la participación histórica, social y económica de las mujeres en la tenencia de la tierra, desde las haciendas hasta la creación de las Unidades Agrícolas Industriales de la Mujer (UAIM) en el sistema ejidal. Para lograr responder a esta cuestión se revisó el Archivo Histórico de Salvatierra, el Archivo General del Gobierno del Estado de Guanajuato, El Archivo General Agrario, archivos de varias UAIM y de ejidos, además de aplicar encuestas a una muestra de UAIM en el estado. Las formas que tienen las mujeres de acceder a la tierra son principalmente por medio de la herencia, la compra, las UAIM y en ocasiones por dotación estatal, además del acceso indirecto como esposas, hijas o madres de ejidatarios.

- by Rocio Rosas Vargas
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- Rural Development, Rural women's empowerment, Guanajuato, Woman & Development
- by Rebecca Shimoni Stoil
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- Gender Studies, Rural History, Agriculture, Midwest (U.S. history)
- by Kavita Sen
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- Domestic Violence, Health Care, Gender Equality, Violence Against Women

- by Adriane Martin Hilber
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- Focus Groups, Adolescent, Medicine, Humans

Several studies have documented women's use of vaginal practices in South Africa to enhance their desirability to men. This article describes a little known practice of this kind among women in KwaZulu-Natal. It involves the use of small incisions in the genital area (and often abdomen and breasts) to introduce herbal substances, described as love medicines, into the body through the incisions. In-depth interviews were carried out with 20 key informants and 20 women, and eight focus group discussions with women and men, in a rural and urban site in 2005-06. A province-wide household survey was then conducted using a multi-stage cluster sample design among 867 women aged 18-60. Forty-two per cent of the women in the household survey had heard of genital incisions; only 3% had actually used them. The main motivation was the enhancement of sexual attractiveness and long-term partner commitment. It appears to be a very recent practice, but may be an extension of an older healing pra...

- by Fiona Scorgie
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- Sexual Behaviour, Focus Groups, Adolescent, South Africa

This discussion paper highlights key global, regional and national policies, laws and publicly supported practices that advance or hinder rural women’s and young people’s livelihoods and climate justice for all.
In particular, it looks at key policies and practices relating to three overlapping strands of ActionAid’s national, regional and global work: food sovereignty and agroecology, climate justice; natural resource
rights and defence of the commons. The emerging evidence is based on interviews with ActionAid’s ‘International Platform on Resilient Livelihoods and Climate Justice’ (IP3), an extensive literature
review and external interviews. The paper highlights a number of key policies and identifies some key advocacy threats and opportunities for ActionAid’s and allies’ future work.

Dr.Venkateswararao.Podile1, Dr.K.Sudha Rani2, Dr.Subramanian Shanmugam3 Dr. Ch. Hema Venkata Siva Sree4 Professor, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, K.L. Deemed to be University, India, Email: vraopodile@kluniversity.in Ph: 9963022552 ORCID ID: 0000-0001-5251-8424 Associate Professor S.D.M.Siddhartha Mahila Kalasala, Andhra Pradesh, India–522010 Email: sudharaniguduru@gmail.com, Ph: 9848414452 Associate Professor, School of Management, Central University of South Bihar, Email: subramaniyan@cusb.ac.in Professor, N.R.I. Institute of Technology, Agiripalli, India Email: drhemachinta@gmail.com Ph: 9966150275

- by subramanian shanmugam
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- Political Science, Economic empowerment, Rural Women, Urban Women

Democracy means the Government by the people and for the people remained an un-accomplished dream after each election in Pakistan since 1947. Sometimes a democratic government taken over by the army and sometime the elected... more

- by Shad Begum
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- Women's Studies, Women's Rights, Pakistan, Women
- by Ranjana Vaishnav
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- Women and Gender Studies, Rural Women, Child Marriage
- by Lynne Hunt
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- Women's and gender history, Rural Women
- by Emmanuel Boon
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- Human Geography, Participatory Research, Sustainable Development, United Nations

The Forum of Rural Women of Kazakhstan is being held for the second time, this year for two days experts, businessmen, and politicians intend to identify the most effective mechanisms for supporting business ideas for strengthening and. empowerment of women entrepreneurship in rural areas of Kazakhstan. Delegates shared their experience and derived the formula for the successful development of remote areas, sustainable development of villages and rural areas, improving well-being and improving the quality of life through the development of women entrepreneurship and the active participation of the equal gender rights in solving social issues.

Women's rights and customary law are often understood as being in opposition to one another. This article challenges the usefulness of the prevailing custom/rights dichotomy, arguing that it obscures the way in which struggles to claim resources such as land combine 'human rights' equality claims with claims to customary entitlements. The article focuses on contestation over who has the power to define custom, rights and customary entitlements. It discusses the democratic potential inherent in Constitutional Court judgments that define customary law as 'living law' reflecting changing practice, and the dangers posed by national legislation that reinforces the power of traditional leaders to unilaterally define custom. It argues for legal strategies that engage with, and support, the struggles for change taking place at the interface between custom and rights in the former reserves. We draw on insights about the nature of rights and rights struggles in the work of Nedelsky, Nyamu Musembi and Merry to argue for an approach to rights that focuses on the relationships and power relations that rights mediate, rather than solely on rights as 'boundaries of autonomy.' Moreover, engaging with processes of women claiming, redefining and 'vernacularising' rights within their communities relates directly to the project of engendering socio-economic rights, given the primacy of claims of need, and of access to material resources, within indigenous constructs of relative rights.

- by Aninka Claassens
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- Customary Law, Land Rights, Rural Women
- by Anthony Mbonye
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- Demography, Health Behavior, Focus Groups, Culture

This article focuses on the rationale behind women's choices of economic activities in the Gomon Sub-Prefecture and the methods used to implement these activities. Specifically, it describes the strategies used by the women of the Gomon Sub-prefecture to ensure their financial autonomy and provides insights into the difficulties behind syndicating these women. Using both qualitative and quantitative assessment tools, this study targeted women involved in income-generating activities in the sub-prefecture. To overcome poverty, women have invested in the production, processing and marketing of food. The decision-making process described in this article demonstrates that these women make rational choices in the daily management of their income-generating activities aimed specifically at maximizing the economic gains necessary to their financial autonomy and the improvement of their social status. Resume Le présent article porte sur les logiques qui président au choix des activités économiques des femmes de la Sous-préfecture de Gomon et aux modes de pratiques de leurs activités. De manière spécifique, il met en relief les stratégies mises en oeuvre par les femmes de la Sous-préfecture de Gomon pour garantir leur autonomie financière ainsi que les facteurs explicatifs de la

- by European Scientific Journal ESJ and +1
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- Poverty, Empowerment, Rural Women

Significant processes of change and adaptation are currently underway in relation to marriage and the land rights of single women living in 'communal' areas in South Africa. Scholars describe declining marriage rates, particularly among poor African women and argue that this downward trend has accelerated in the post-apartheid period. African women are the main recipients of government social security grants and are also those directly affected by the 1998 Recognition of Customary Marriages Act (RCMA), along with subsequent administrative processes pun in place to register customary marriages and litigation over its meaning and content. Alongside changes in marriage patterns we see single women increasingly claiming, and being allocated, residential sites for themselves and their children in 'communal areas.'

- by Aninka Claassens and +1
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- Customary Law, Rural Women
- by Ilona Matysiak
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- Rural Sociology, Gender Studies, Rural Women
- by Moshood Mnt
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- Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Leaching, Mineral Processing

Rural U.S. poverty rates have been persistently high. Market-based anti-poverty strategies, specifically microenterprise programs, have gained currency as a feasible avenue for moving women out of poverty. While rural women may share some commonality, homogeneity among rural women is often assumed in poverty scholarship. It is imperative that poverty scholars contribute to closing the gap between theoretical explanations and the actually experiences of poverty among individuals occupying different social locations. As researchers address this gap, this article argues for the value of integrating two important components consistent with black feminist epistemology: (1) an intersectionality perspective, and (2) the voices of the local actors/stakeholders. This article concludes that without a purposeful examination of individuals located at the intersection of race/ethnicity, gender, and/or class; even carefully formulated policy can inadvertently discriminate against or benefit some women more than others.

- by Adele Norris
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- Sociology, Rural Sociology, Black feminism, Rural Women

Los estudios que se han hecho en el Perú sobre violencia contra las mujeres se han centrado en documentar la perspectiva de las personas agredidas y las secuelas que la violencia genera en sus vidas. Al estudiar el rol del Estado en la atención de la violencia contra las mujeres se han enfocado en instituciones especificas: policía, fiscalía o juzgados. Además, estos estudios se han realizado sobre todo en las zonas urbanas del país. En base a etnografías, entrevistas y revisión de fuentes secundarias he estudiado el conjunto de instituciones del Estado, a que nivel rural, atienden la violencia contra las mujeres. Se identifica y analiza los discursos, espacios y acciones que las instituciones estatales despliegan para atender la violencia contra las mujeres en las zonas rurales y pobres del Perú. Documento que entre estas instituciones estatales hay comprensiones distintas y contradictorias sobre sus roles y funciones. Emiten discursos que no contribuyen con el tratamiento de esta problemática, donde priman nociones que subvalorizan, subalternizan y minimizan la violencia que las mujeres rurales viven. Consideran que las mujeres que viven en las zonas rurales están “más” acostumbradas y pueden “soportar” la violencia machista. Concluyo que este tipo de presencia y funcionamiento del Estado genera que las mujeres que sufren violencia no reconozcan al Estado como el espacio que garantiza el respeto a sus derechos humanos. Por el contrario, vinculan al Estado y a sus representantes como cómplices de aquellos que ejercen violencia contra ellas.

- by Mercedes Crisóstomo
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- Violence Against Women, Etnography, Institutions, Ayacucho
- by Jemimah Njuki and +1
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- Participatory Research, Action Research, Social Capital, Natural Resource Management
- by Joan Cheronoh
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- International Development, Gender, Rural Development, Agriculture

Focussing on entrepreneurs’ experiences inhibiting them from launching a business – at the micro level – the purpose of this paper is to identify issues that limit rural entrepreneurship in Pakistan and also, to identify the cultural, social, economic and religious traditions and settings that discourage entrepreneurship thus hindering economic development

- by Gerard McElwee and +2
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- Rural Entrepreneurship, Rural Women, rural Pakistan
- by Nirali Shah
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- Economics, Decision Making, South Asia, Empowerment
- by Aradhana Sharma and +1
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- Archaeology, Law, Anthropology, Political Economics
- by Naila Kabeer
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- Economics, Comparative Analysis, Rural Women, World Development
- by Christine Biryabarema and +2
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- Sexual Dysfunction, Sexual Abuse, Sexual Violence, Great Lakes Region
- by Fay Sudweeks
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- Health Education, Public Sphere, Economic Development, Access To Information

Las mujeres rurales desde el rol de liderazgo, defensa del territorio y organización colectiva proponen una mirada singular sobre la construcción de la paz en el Putumayo que no está exenta de tensiones, involucra sus experiencias de vida y la voz de un territorio afectado por las violencias y el conflicto armado. Desde su accionar realizan incidencia política en distintos niveles: local-departamental, local-nacional, local-internacional, que aportan a la prevención, gestión y regulación de los conflictos en el territorio en medio de un contexto de implementación del acuerdo de paz entre el gobierno y las FARC y escalonamiento del conflicto. Esta investigación tiene enfoque cualitativo, es un estudio de caso abordado desde el paradigma crítico y el método etnográfico que aporta a la comprensión compleja de la paz territorial a partir de su relación con las categorías de género y territorio.

- by Alejandra de Arce
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- Rural Sociology, Gender Studies, Press and media history, Historia Argentina
- by Muzzamil Hassan
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- Agricultural extension, Developing Country, Case Study, Information Sources