Scale Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

In the contemporary American urban renaissance, formerly fringe efforts to produce place, conducted by longtime residents and “urban pioneers” alike, now shape mainstream urbanism. Gardening and bicycling are constitutive of contemporary... more

In the contemporary American urban renaissance, formerly fringe efforts to produce place, conducted by longtime residents and “urban pioneers” alike, now shape mainstream urbanism. Gardening and bicycling are constitutive of contemporary excitement about the city, representing the reinvigoration of the urban neighborhood following the depredations of suburbanization. This paper draws on research in California cities to offer a sympathetic critique of these leading edges of progressive urbanism, arguing that advocates’ overwhelming focus on the local creates a scalar mismatch between the horizon of political action and the problems they hope to address. Even as supporters of gardening and cycling understand themselves as implicitly allied with struggles for the right to the city, their work to produce local space is often blind to, and even complicit in, racialized dynamics of accumulation and exclusion that organize metropolises. The result is a progressive urbanism largely disconnected from broader left struggles for spatial justice.

... School of Engineering Springfield, Massachussetts Drag Reduction and Wake Minimization on Marine Vehicles ,,P. ,3 1991 By: , Craig A. Hunter Pasquale Delore Walter M. Presz, Jr. Final Report Office of Naval Research Grant... more

... School of Engineering Springfield, Massachussetts Drag Reduction and Wake Minimization on Marine Vehicles ,,P. ,3 1991 By: , Craig A. Hunter Pasquale Delore Walter M. Presz, Jr. Final Report Office of Naval Research Grant N0014-89-J-1883 00 July 1991 I I Page 2. Abstract ...

Mutualisms are of fundamental importance in all ecosystems but their very existence poses a series of challenging evolutionary questions. Recently, the application of molecular analyses combined with theoretical advances have transformed... more

Mutualisms are of fundamental importance in all ecosystems but their very existence poses a series of challenging evolutionary questions. Recently, the application of molecular analyses combined with theoretical advances have transformed our understanding of many specific systems, thereby contributing to the possibility of a more general understanding of the factors that influence mutualisms.

A digital watermark is an invisible mark embedded in a digital image which may be used for Copyright Protection. This paper proposes that Fourier-Mellin transform-based invariants can be used for digital image watermarking. The embedded... more

A digital watermark is an invisible mark embedded in a digital image which may be used for Copyright Protection. This paper proposes that Fourier-Mellin transform-based invariants can be used for digital image watermarking. The embedded marks may be designed to be una ected by any combination of rotation, scale and translation transformations. The original image is not required for extracting the embedded

The neoliberalisation of international climate policy through devices such as emissions trading has led to a significant restructuring of governance competencies between supranational, national and non-state actors. This article explores... more

The neoliberalisation of international climate policy through devices such as emissions trading has led to a significant restructuring of governance competencies between supranational, national and non-state actors. This article explores the implications of this restructuring for the scalar politics of climate governance by examining the European Union emissions trading scheme, the world's largest multi-state carbon-trading scheme. Analysis shows that although the member states were prepared to accede to a common legal framework for emissions trading, its implementation has been characterised by intense sovereignty disputes over emissions allowances. The article concludes by reflecting on the scalar politics of international climate governance in an unevenly regulated and competitive world.

ABSTRACT The paper explores pollination from a multilevel policy perspective and analyses the institutional fit and interplay of multi-faceted pollination-related policies. First, it asks what the major policies are that frame pollination... more

ABSTRACT The paper explores pollination from a multilevel policy perspective and analyses the institutional fit and interplay of multi-faceted pollination-related policies. First, it asks what the major policies are that frame pollination at the EU level. Second, it explores the relationship between the EU policies and localised ways of understanding pollination. Addressed third is how the concept of ecosystem services can aid in understanding the various ways of framing and governing the situation. The results show that the policy systems affecting pollination are abundant and that these systems create different kinds of pressure on stakeholders, at several levels of society. The local-level concerns are more about the loss of pollination services than about loss of pollinators. This points to the problem of fit between local activity driven by economic reasoning and biodiversity-driven EU policies. Here we see the concept of ecosystem services having some potential, since its operationalisation can combine economic and environmental considerations. Furthermore, the analysis shows how, instead of formal institutions, it seems that social norms, habits, and motivation are the key to understanding and developing effective and attractive governance measures.

This paper discusses single-scale studies on disaster risk and vulnerability – i.e. urban risk and physical vulnerability – by formulating the progression of vulnerability proposed in the Pressure and Release Model (PAR) as a multi-scalar... more

This paper discusses single-scale studies on disaster risk and vulnerability – i.e. urban risk and physical vulnerability – by formulating the progression of vulnerability proposed in the Pressure and Release Model (PAR) as a multi-scalar phenomenon. Disaster and vulnerability studies are often conceived within single-scale units, self-enclosed and delimited into specific spatial foci – urban studies, regional studies – hence, studies tend to neglect the geographical complexity of socio-economic and political processes involved in the production of vulnerability and risk at multiple scales. Attempts for integrating multi-scalar factors and processes – such as the effects of policies or institutional forms – into risk and vulnerability studies are rare, possibly due to the aforementioned complexities. Nevertheless, the implication of macro-processes – e.g. economic models or political regimes – on the causation of disasters is hardly questioned. So, this paper employs recent findings on studies of scale in order to better understand vulnerability as a process produced throughout varied scales. The case of Chaiten, a remote Volcano eruption’s disaster in southern Chile in 2008, is devised in order to illustrate how specific multi-scalar processes, such as institutional forms for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Disaster Risk Management (DRM), are unfolded from major to minor geographical scales. The actions and inactions of national, regional and local officials, as related to DRR and DRM during 2008 and 2013, have largely contributed to the current situation of Chaiten. The unforeseen effects of policies that are unjustly distributed and the population’s uneven exposure to hazards have split the city in two. In summary, this paper seeks to discuss that although hazards, vulnerability and risk are often evident at minor geographical scales – e.g. physical vulnerability, hazard mapping – the causation of disaster and risk production should no be longer considered as single-scale phenomenon, but rather as multi-scalar.

Robert E. Horton is best known as the originator of the infiltration excess overland flow concept for storm hydrograph analysis and prediction, which, in conjunction with the unit hydrograph concept, provided the foundation for... more

Robert E. Horton is best known as the originator of the infiltration excess overland flow concept for storm hydrograph analysis and prediction, which, in conjunction with the unit hydrograph concept, provided the foundation for engineering hydrology for several decades. Although these concepts, at least in their simplest form, have been largely superseded, a study of Horton's archived scientific papers reveals that his perceptual model of infiltration processes and appreciation of scale problems in modelling were far more sophisticated and complete than normally presented in hydrological texts. His understanding of surface controls on infiltration remain relevant today.

Abstract A substantial evidence-based practice has emerged among educational researchers and policy-makers in recent years. Less attention, however, has been given to the actual process of determining ‘what works’ and ‘best practices’ in... more

Abstract
A substantial evidence-based practice has emerged among educational researchers and policy-makers in recent years. Less attention, however, has been given to the actual process of determining ‘what works’ and ‘best practices’ in producing the evidence needed. There exists a critical need to develop effective techniques and tools that help researchers and evaluators make sense of the available evidence. This paper discusses an example of a Program Effectiveness/Scale Rating System, which was developed as a tool to help policymakers understand the impact of programs, strategies, and innovations within a school-university partnership. An example is shared in which a local education partnership program was evaluated in Phoenix, Arizona and policy recommendations based on results were rendered. By placing evaluation results into a format that is easy to understand, this scale can help policy-makers make informed judgments on the worth of a program or strategy. A short discussion regarding ways in which this scale could be used inferentially (e.g., for state- or nation-wide programs) is offered.

Objective:Resilience is as a dynamic process related to an individual’s capacity to cope with difficult or stressful experiences and theability to psychologically overcome adversity. The aim of this study was to examine the reliability... more

Objective:Resilience is as a dynamic process related to an individual’s capacity to cope with difficult or stressful experiences and theability to psychologically overcome adversity. The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Resilience Scale for Adults-Turkish Version.
Method:The Resilience Scale for Adults was first translated into Turkish, and was then back translated. Subsequently, the questionnaire was administered to 350 students and 262 employees. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the scale were determined, and criterion-dependent validity and confirmative factor analysis were conducted using Amos v.16.0.
Results: Factor analysis of the scale confirmed the fit of the original’s 6-dimensions: perception of self, perception of future, structured style, social competence, family cohesion, and social resources (2 = 1104, df = 480, 2/df = 2.3; RMSEA = 0.055; TLI = 0.90; CFI = 0.91). The 6-dimensions structure explained 53.5% of the total variance. The Social Comparison Scale and Locus of Control Scale were used to determine the criteriondependent validity of the scale. Alpha coefficients for the sub-dimensions of the scale ranged from 0.66 to 0.81 and the test-retest reliability of the factors ranged from 0.68 to 0.81.
Conclusion: The present findings show that the Resilience Scale for Adults-Turkish Version exhibited acceptable levels of reliability and validity in the study samples.

Warsaw’s Palace of Culture and Science was built between 1952 and 1955 as Stalin’s ‘gift’ to the Polish nation. It is 231 metres tall, covers a ground-area of almost 70,000 square metres (17 acres) and is surrounded by a windswept and... more

Background: Cultural competence is an essential factor in providing effective services to care seekers. Providing cultural care is a necessity in nursing; thus, measuring cultural competence in nurses is of great importance. Accordingly,... more

Background: Cultural competence is an essential factor in providing effective services to care
seekers. Providing cultural care is a necessity in nursing; thus, measuring cultural competence in
nurses is of great importance. Accordingly, the current study aimed at introducing the scales for
measuring cultural competence in nursing.
Methods: The current narrative review study was conducted by searching the internet and library
resources through credible databases. The keywords “cultural competence, cultural competency,
cultural instruments, the measurement of cultural competency, nursing, nursing students, and
cultural sensitivity” were used individually and in combination. The selected articles were in
English, without any time limits, and only in the medical fields.
Results: Among 16 articles related to cultural competence scales, 19 scales were discovered;
12 of which were in English and applicable in nursing. Nine tools were designed based on a
conceptual framework/model, and only 6 of them received psychometric evaluations.
Conclusion: The comparison of the scales suggested that all of them were developed based on
different conceptual frameworks; accordingly, various factors should be considered when using
them. The compatibility of the scale with the culture and environmental conditions of the studied
population, and the areas of cultural competence it investigates, are among such characteristics.

This paper presents the collective results of three independent studies in two countries, Australia and Iceland, aimed to develop a psychometrically sound adolescent coping scale, the Measure of Adolescent Coping Strategies... more

This paper presents the collective results of three independent studies in two countries, Australia and Iceland, aimed to develop a psychometrically sound adolescent coping scale, the Measure of Adolescent Coping Strategies (MACS). Study 1, relying on 3034 Australian and 6908 Icelandic adolescents, revealed five conceptually distinct first-order factors. Two second-order factors (dimensions) were derived: (a) adaptive coping encompassing stoicism/distraction, seeking social support, and self-care, and (b) maladaptive coping encompassing acting out and rumination. This factor structure was supported by multi-sample confirmatory factor analysis (MSCFA) across age, gender and national samples. Study 1 established evidence of discriminant validity. In Study 2, including 534 Australian adolescents, the factor structure was verified through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Studies 1 and 2 provided evidence of construct validity. Study 3, employing 118 Icelandic adolescents, established 16-week test-retest reliability and evidence of convergent validity. Therefore, the MACS is a short, reliable and valid scale to measure adolescent coping, thus enabling clinicians, researchers and educators to improve their practice when conducting research and guiding adolescents in developing effective coping methods.