Global History Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Transnational history and the history of gender and sexuality have both been concerned with the issue of borders and their crossing, but the two fields themselves have not intersected much in the past. This is beginning to change, and this article surveys recent scholarship that draws on both fields, highlighting work in six areas: movements for women’s and gay rights; diverse understandings of sexuality and gender; colonialism and imperialism; intermarriage; national identity and citizenship; and migration. This new research suggests ways in which the subject matter, theory, and methodology in transnational history and the history of gender and sexuality can interconnect: in the two fields’ mutual emphasis on intertwinings, relationships, movement, and hybridity; their interdisciplinarity and stress on multiple perspectives; and their calls for destabilization of binaries.

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- Sexuality, Global History, Historical Studies

Moral Re-armament (MRA) was an international religious movement that caught the attention of politicians, industrialists, and union leaders around the world in the 1940s and 1950s, including three (future) Japanese prime ministers – Nakasone Yasuhiro, Hatoyama Ichirō, and Kishi Nobusuke. This article examines their involvement in MRA, showing that it provided them with an internationalist register – and network – to adjust older, prewar ideas about state power, national community, and Asian regionalism to the age of the Cold War and decolonization. In so doing, the article investigates the origins of the postwar conservative imaginary arguing that, far from being narrow nationalists, Nakasone, Hatoyama, and Kishi were in fact convinced internationalists of the right. By shedding new light on the political culture of key representatives of the Japanese ruling classes, the article adds to the understanding of the country’s negotiated transition from fascism and empire to liberal democracy. It also provides a prehistory to the politics of the Right in contemporary Japan.
Link to article: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09555803.2019.1646785

- by Reto Hofmann
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- Conservatism, Japanese History, Transnational History, Global History

Review of Jerry H. Bentley, Renate Bridenthal, Kären Wigen, eds., Seascapes: Maritime Histories, Littoral Cultures, and Transoceanic Exchanges (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2007). Journal of History and Anthropology 8.1 (2010):... more

The expanding sugar trade linking Portugal, Brazil, and the Netherlands in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries required enforcement mechanisms to guarantee that overseas agents would act honestly and diligently. While the recent literature emphasizes that multiple mechanisms were substitutes in addressing this problem, this article highlights that merchants chose different mechanisms to govern distinct types of transactions and explains why. A reputational mechanism relying on social and economic constraints within an ethnic diaspora governed more complex and higher-value arrangements. A different mechanism linking economic incentives to professional reputations across the diasporas plying this trade route predominated in simpler and smaller transactions. Finally, long-distance and transnational judicial enforcement supplemented these two reputational mechanisms. Capable of matching the value and complexity of transactions with the attributes of governing mechanisms, merchants were able to diversify their transactions, expand the market for agents, better allocate agents to tasks, and stimulate competition among them. The resulting decrease in agency costs was critical in such a significantly competitive market as the sugar trade. Evolving institutional choice thus reinforced the expansion of trade. These hypotheses are corroborated by data from a prosopography of merchants of Jewish origin, derived from notarial records from Oporto and Amsterdam, and from Inquisition files. A t the turn of the sixteenth century, Europe experienced rapidly growing urban populations and dependence on trade for supplies of staple products, while overseas possessions contributed to a surging output of marketable commodities, including sugar. Brazil was turned into the first large-scale plantation economy and became the world's main sugar producer, with Amsterdam emerging as its main distribution and refining centre. Most of the Brazilian sugar trade was intermediated by merchants in Portugal, and traders of Jewish origin scattered along this trade route played a prominent role in the sugar trade. The rapid expansion, growing complexity, and increasing integration of these markets required traders to be confident that the parties with whom they were considering working would not cheat, renege on, or neglect their commitments.

- by Daniel Strum
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- Economic History, Institutional Economics, Social Networks, Portuguese History

Most ―mainstream accounts of the West-East divergence gain theoretical inspiration from Max Weber and/or Karl Marx, and have therefore traced the ―rise of the West to the unique social processes that apparently fostered capitalism in Europe. Critics have labelled these accounts ―Eurocentric insofar as they imply the inherent superiority of the West over the East,1 and they have offered alternative ―anti-Eurocentric narratives which ostensibly avoid such analytical and normative pitfalls. These critics have succeeded in directing our attention to experiences in the non-European world. However, they have sought to validate these experiences by simply extending (in space and time), rather than transcending, the problematic concepts and assumptions that plagued the ―Eurocentric Weberian and Marxist accounts of the origins of capitalism. This paper argues that a truly non-Eurocentric approach requires a definitive break with these assumptions and the adoption of an alternative historical materialist understanding of the origins of capitalism pioneered by Robert Brenner. While not explicitly conceived as non-Eurocentric, Brenner‘s concept of social-property relations offers the surest foundation for understanding ―the great divergence‖ without doing violence to history or succumbing to European triumphalism.

- by Gary Blank
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- Historical Sociology, Marxism, Transnational and World History, Postcolonial Studies

Kurzinfos zum Unterrichtsmaterial

Early modern India was an economic core region producing manifold textiles for export. During the sixteenth century a new customer entered the stage and expanded its influence from the city of Goa – Portugal. From early times, the Portuguese had bought and commissioned textiles, among them large embroideries from Bengal and Gujarat, which are the focus of this study. By providing European prints as models for the professional local embroiderers they created a novel product that was successful in Portugal and beyond throughout the seventeenth century. The textiles were deemed valuable and rare enough to be included in different travel accounts, letters and inventories, enabling us to trace their place of production, their transportation to Europe and their reception. Their intricate iconographies reflect political problematics of the time and shed light onto the intercultural circumstances of Portuguese colonial life. Barbara Karl is Curator of Textiles and Carpets at the MAK – Museum für Angewandte Kunst/Gegenwartskunst in Vienna. WEITERE INFORMATIONEN UND DOWNLOADS FINDEN SIE UNTER WWW.BOEHLAU-VERLAG.COM. böhlau verlag ges.m.b.h. & co. kg, wiesingerstrasse 1, 1010 wien, österreich, t: + 43 1 330 24 27-0, f: + 43 1 330 24 32-77 info@boehlau-verlag.com, www.boehlau-verlag.com | wien köln weimar

- by Barbara Karl
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- Economic History, Art History, Textiles, Portuguese History
- by David Pretel and +1
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- History, Economic History, Historical Sociology, Latin American and Caribbean History

Development is a complicated word. In its most benign form, everyone can agree that babies should not die from malnourishment or preventable disease. In its more contentious form, development can be understood as a discursive taxonomy and hierarchy of states and ways of knowing the world that manifests as neo-imperialism. In this seminar, we consider how the modern notion of " development " as a contested discourse and practice came into existence. In particular, we will seek to better our understanding of how the colonial encounter in different parts of the world created the empirical and conceptual conditions, categories, and relations out of which the idea of modern development has emerged. We will consider the evolving colonial idea of "improvement " as it applied to peoples, places, and cosmologies, reading primary and secondary texts that will offer students of International Development Studies a strong intellectual foundation in the study and practice of "development."

The original intention of Charles de Foucauld was to prepare the arrival of the missionaries in the Hoggar, by composing a Tuareg lexicon and grammar. Then the collection of poems became for him a goal in itself. The six thousand verses he has collected are one of the few documents that allow us to hear the voice of the Tuaregs of the pre-colonial era.

- by Roland Wenzlhuemer
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- Global History, First World War, History of Communication

The authors suggest to view the origins of Islam against the background of the 6th century AD Arabian socio-ecological crisis whose model is specified in the paper through the study of climatological, seismological, volcanological and epidemiological history of the period. Most socio-political systems of the Arabs reacted to the socio-ecological crisis by getting rid of the rigid supra- tribal political structures (kingdoms and chiefdoms) which started posing a real threat to their very survival. The decades of fighting which led to the destruction of most of the Arabian kingdoms and chiefdoms (reflected in Ayyãm al- 'Arab tradition) led to the elaboration of some definite "anti- royal" freedom-loving tribal ethos. At the beginning of the 7th century tribes which would recog- nise themselves as subjects of some terrestrial super-tribal political authority, the "king", risked to lose its honour. However, this seems not to be applicable to the authority of another type, the "ce- lestial" one. At the meantime the early 7th century evidences the merging of the Arabian tradition of prophecy and the Arabian Monotheist "Rahmanist" tradition which produced "the Arabian pro- phetic movement". The Monotheist "Rahmanist" prophets appear to have represented a supratribal authority just of the type many Arab tribes were looking for at this very time, which seems to ex- plain to a certain extent those prophets' political success (including the extreme political success of Muhammad).

- by Andrey Korotayev
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- Volcanology, World Systems Analysis, Political Anthropology, Climatic Changes

This is the introduction to a collection of essays edited under the title Global History and Microhistory, which was published as a supplement volume of Past & Present in November 2019. The whole volume is available open access at the... more

- by John-Paul Ghobrial
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- Early Modern History, Global History, Microhistory
- by Mark G . Hanna
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- Economic History, British History, Colonial America, Legal History

Для мира, уже который год переживающего кризис, наступил момент истины – упоение «свободной» экономикой прошло, уступив место разочарованию и усталости от радикального, безудержного либерализма. На смену идет система, еще не получившая своего «изма».
В свете этого особое значение приобретает теория длинных волн, созданная Н. Д. Кондратьевым, которая служит важнейшим инструментом для адекватного понимания текущих мир-
системных процессов. Мало того, эта теория в совокупности с теорией смены технологических укладов является одной из немногих в экономической науке, которая позволяет строить научно обоснованные прогнозы. В настоящей монографии затронут целый комплекс проблем, вполне
удачно объединенных под названием «Кризисы и прогнозы в свете теории длинных волн». Задачей
авторов было более точно установить влияние на экономические подъемы и кризисы объективных
и субъективных факторов циклов разной периодичности; выявить влияние инноваций на экономическую динамику на разных фазах циклов; использовать теорию длинных волн в совокупности
с теорией смены технологических укладов для построения научно обоснованных прогнозов. Так
или иначе авторы также касались проблемы органичной связи теории длинных (кондратьевских)
волн с теорией средне-срочных (жюгляровских) циклов. Ведь экономический кризис (крах, спад и
депрессия) – это наиболее драматичная часть именно среднесрочного экономического цикла. Кри-
зисы всегда являются результатом предшествующего активного роста, поскольку этот рост неиз-
бежно создает структурные напряжения не только в экономике, но и в обществе в целом (институ-
ты общества рассчитаны на определенный объем и масштаб явлений и процессов). Но, разумеется,
все кризисы при некоторых сходствах проходят по-разному. Кроме того, заметно отличаются они в
зависимости от того, на какой – повышательной или понижательной – фазе длинной кондратьев-
ской волны они случаются.
В монографии также затрагиваются и очень важные вопросы связи государств и экономического развития, проблемы возникновения социально-политических кризисов в процессе модернизации, другие аспекты социально-политической нестабильности в разных регионах мира.

- by Andrey Korotayev and +1
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- World Systems Analysis, International Business Cycles, World History, Evolution

Andrei Znamenski argues that socialism arose out of activities of secularized apocalyptic sects, the Enlightenment tradition, and dislocations produced by the Industrial Revolution. He examines how, by the 1850s, Marx and Engels made the socialist creed “scientific” by linking it to “history laws” and inventing the proletariat—the “chosen people” that were to redeem the world from oppression. Focusing on the fractions between social democracy and communism, Znamenski explores why, historically, socialism became associated with social engineering and centralized planning. He explains the rise of the New Left in the 1960s and its role in fostering the cultural left that came to privilege race and identity over class. Exploring the global retreat of the left in the 1980s–1990s and the “great neoliberalism scare,” Znamenski also analyzes the subsequent renaissance of socialism in wake of the 2007–2008 crisis

- by Andrei Znamenski
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- Religion, Post-Marxism, Ideology, Communism
- by Raúl Moreno Almendral
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- World History, Global History

In the paper, we express some doubts about one of the assumptions
of Robert Carneiro’s model on state (and chiefdom) formation,
namely the role of circumscription. In our opinion, the main flaw of
Carneiro’s original theory of state formation is that it implicitly
assumes that every community dreamt to conquer its neighboring
communities. We test the presence of various types of warfare (such
as conquest warfare, land acquisition warfare, and plunder warfare)
in societies with different degrees of political centralization.
Quantitative cross-cultural tests reveal a rather strong correlation
between political complexity and the presence of conquest warfare
suggesting that conquest warfare was virtually absent among
independent communities. Newer works by Carneiro propose a
model explaining how simple chiefdoms could appear in the absence
of conquest warfare. This model also includes circumscription, but
our analysis suggests that it is unnecessary.

- by Andrey Korotayev
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- Political Anthropology, State Formation, World History, Cross-Cultural Studies
- by Andrey Korotayev and +1
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- Globalization, World Systems Analysis, World History, Global Studies

Se donnant comme « la Modernité », les années 1770 à 1914 sont le temps de l’industrialisation et de l’expansion impériale et coloniale. La science est victorieuse, la technique est reine, la Terre est quadrillée et mesurée, les
populations sont mises en nombres, les races sont cartographiées. Laboratoires, universités et musées se répandent à l’échelle planétaire.
Réunissant les contributions de spécialistes des quatre coins du monde, ce deuxième tome de l’Histoire des sciences et des savoirs nous parle des sciences physiques et mathématiques, des sciences et des savoirs en Inde, de la révolution Meiji et du « provincialisme » colonial des sciences amé- ricaines. Il raconte aussi l’avènement des microbes et leur impact sur les sociétés, l’engouement populaire pour les expositions universelles et, déjà, les inquiétudes des contemporainsepour la détérioration du climat.
Un livre concret qui brosse un xix siècle fascinant et... inquiétant.

- by Kapil Raj and +1
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- Cultural History, Historiography, Environmental History, History of Science

Anthropocene or Capitalocene? offers answers to these questions from a dynamic group of leading critical scholars. They challenge the theory and history offered by the most significant environmental concept of our times: the Anthropocene. But are we living in the Anthropocene, literally the “Age of Man”? Is a different response more compelling, and better suited to the strange—and often terrifying—times in which we live? The contributors to this book diagnose the problems of Anthropocene thinking and propose an alternative: the global crises of the twenty-first century are rooted in the Capitalocene; not the Age of Man but the Age of Capital.

- by Jason W. Moore
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- Sociology, Cultural Studies, Human Ecology, Geography
- by Anne Gerritsen and +1
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- History, Art History, Material Culture Studies, Global History

This article dispels the idea of incompatibility between feminism and religion. To that end, it argues that the intersection of feminism and religion mirrors the diverse ways in which religious folk interpret scripture, perform devotional rituals, inhabit religious institutions, and transform their societies. The first section addresses some key debates and methodologies. The next section examines how religious feminists have acknowledged certain problematic elements in their faith traditions, on the one hand, and how feminist scholars have studied the interplay among religion, power, and Western feminism, on the other hand. The third section discusses the provincialization of secular feminism on the part of historians, feminist theologians, and anthropologists of religion. The penultimate section sheds light on the centering of goddesses and female role models and focuses on the writings of Delores S. Williams and Vasudha Narayanan. The final section examines how feminist theologians appropriate religious authority through scriptural hermeneutics and women’s leadership in religious communities.

- by ali altaf mian
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- Religion, Women's Studies, Feminist Theory, Feminism
- by Erik Reinert
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- Economic History, Law, Globalization, International Trade

Talk given on June 10, 2021

- by Philippe Bornet
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- South Asian Studies, Mission Studies, Global History, History of Colonial India

At the end of the nineteenth century, Brazil, Mexico, and Peru were among the countries participating in the most important world's fairs in Europe and North America. These mass gatherings focused on national self-images as well as technological development and commodities, but the Latin American exhibition organizers also understood them to be transnational spaces that contributed to the mobility of persons, objects, and knowledge. In this context, the scientific display of pre-Columbian 'antiquities' was regarded as being as important as the participation in archaeological and anthropological congresses. By understanding the world's fairs as 'spaces of global knowledge', this article highlights the agency of Latin American scientists, intellectuals, and collectors in the transnational endeavour to create a 'Latin American antiquity' at the fairgrounds. Although most fair attendees sought to study and display the pre-Columbian past in an objective manner, the older dream of reconstructing the splendour of America's ancient civilizations never completely vanished.

This is a poignant moment to contemplate the sea, and mankind's relationship to it. The pressures of climate change and human activity—from large-scale aquaculture to container shipping, from mineral extraction to deep-sea exploration—have affected the oceans and the marine life on which we depend, usually not for the better. As Lincoln Paine conclusively demonstrates in this magisterial work, the seas are also a crucial, perhaps even central, point of focus in the story of human civilization. Paine opens the book by declaring that he wants to change the way we see the world--by re-orienting our attention to the three-quarters of the planet that is blue, and composing a longue durée history that places water, not land, at the center of global development and transformation. ...

- by Karen Teoh
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- History, Transnationalism, Maritime History, World History

This article explores the tensions between well-intentioned humanitarianism and coercive colonialism during smallpox outbreaks in eighteenth-century Guatemala, when the state extended inoculation programmes to its predominant, culturally diverse Maya communities. Evidence from anti-epidemic campaigns shows public debates broadly comparable to the current COVID-19 crisis: debates about the measurably higher mortality rates for indigenous people and other marginalized groups; debates about the extent of the state’s responsibility for the health of its peoples; and debates on whether or not coercion and violence should be used to ensure compliance with quarantines and public health campaigns. While inoculations provided medical assistance and material help to Maya communities, and resulted in demonstrably lower mortality rates from smallpox, at the same time they functioned as avenues for the expansion of colonial power to intervene in the daily lives of people in those communities, ch...

- by martha few
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- Global History, Historical Studies

Portals of globalization is an analytical category introduced in globalization research to investigate how global flows are anchored and articulated in particular places. It has been used to analyse the way flows and controls come together on multiple scales, and how actors in these places actively manage global entanglements. Consequently, the changing positionality of these places in global networks can reveal the scope, function, and transformation of global connections and shifting spatial orders. Stemming from research debates on the historicity, regional difference, and spatial complexity of globalization processes, this issue seeks to strengthen empirical insights from different disciplinary and regional perspectives. It brings together research on past and present portals of globalization to facilitate the dialogue across disciplines in the social sciences and humanities. A special focus on a variety of local and regional contexts in Africa, Asia, and Latin America allows us to re-evaluate assumptions about the centres and peripheries of globalization processes, the mechanisms and directionality of circulations, and the asymmetries in global connectedness.

- by Megan Maruschke and +2
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- Globalization, Global Studies, Global History, Portals of Globalization

Fiscal history is a booming field of research that shines a new light on colonial state formation, the relationship between the colonizer and the colonized and the political economy of colonialism in Africa. The fiscal history of colonial Africa has been interpreted on different levels: local, colonial, imperial and global. This case study on colonial taxation in the Congo Basin emphasizes the importance of an additional historical layer. I argue that trans-colonial and trans-imperial connections are essential to take into account in order to fully understand the fiscal histories of the Congo Free State and the Belgian Congo, and the French Congo. The two Congos continuously had to adjust their customs policies to fiscal decision-making across the border.

- by Bas De Roo
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- Economic History, Taxation, Colonialism, French colonialism

When looking back on the spiritual experiences of women in the Middle Ages, often times we seek to understand the experiences through a pathological contextualization - ultimately assigning a diagnosis to explain their encounters. Women such as Joan of Arc and Hildegard of Bingen both experienced spiritual revelations where in which they appeared to have been communicating with a higher power through auditory, visual, and sensory incidences, which could easily be understood as hallucinations. However, while their experiences may fit into a diagnostic model and possibly the criteria for mental illness such as schizophrenia, it is important to understand and contextualize their experiences from a myriad of perspectives. Therefore, this paper examines the spiritual experiences of these women from psychological, spiritual, and cognitive directions, while exploring their unique and individual experiences. Additionally, their childhood experiences and idiosyncratic personal histories are explored as an illustrative framework for the way in which these women’s experiences occurred, emerged, and manifested.

- by Dani Jacoby, M.A., LMFT
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- Religion, History, Psychology, Women's Studies
- by Dr Mark Jones
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- Revolutions, Global History

Evoking the painful failure of overcoming the fallout of centuries of slavery in the United States and conjuring up the specter of state-enforced apartheid in South Africa, “segregation” nowadays appears to be almost ubiquitously condemned, but at the same time seemingly impossible to eradicate. Looking at (primarily urban, spatial, ethnic) segregation from a global angle, this seminar will reveal that the phenomenon has indeed plagued a great many societies since 1500, albeit in varying degrees and changing forms. Starting from recent arguments by historians (esp. Nightingale 2012) that segregation was primarily the result of state action, this seminar looks beyond the classic cases of the U.S. and South Africa in order to ask to what extent we should understand segregation as a side effect of the history of increasing global connectedness. Moving from rarely studied examples, such as 17th-century Ayutthaya, to better-known cases of late 19th-century Atlantic immigration cities, such as Buenos Aires, the seminar thus seeks to tease out the reasons and consequences of urban ethnic unmixing through wide-ranging comparisons.

- by Michael Goebel
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- History, Modern History, Sociology, Geography

Kann ein einzelner Sammelband die historische Erzählung eines Landes aus global-
historischer Perspektive neu justieren? Dieses hochgesteckte Ziel setzen sich die Herausgeber:innen von Histoire Mondiale de la France, publiziert im Jahr 2017. 2019 ist eine englischsprachige Übersetzung unter dem Titel France in the World erschienen. Anhand von 131 nur wenige Seiten kurzen Kapiteln zu einzelnen Jahreszahlen von 34.000 v. Chr. bis 2015 n. Chr. soll die französische Geschichte aus globalhistorischer Perspektive neu erzählt werden.

- by Christian Jacobs
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- French History, Global History, Histoire contemporaine
- by Peter Borschberg
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- History, Military History, Modern History, Economic History

Reseña a “De Yuval Noah Harari, De animales a dioses. Breve historia de la humanidad, México, Penguin Random House, 2018, 493 pp., en Letras Históricas, UDG, 2019, publicado en línea... more

- by Abraham Uribe Núñez
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- History, Historiography, Global History
- by P. Vries
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- Utopian Studies, Global History, Historical Studies
- by Giuseppe Grieco and +1
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- Intellectual History, International Relations, History of Ideas, International Relations Theory
- by Huricihan Islamoglu
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- Economic History, Political Economy, Property Law, Global History
- by Damiano Matasci
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- World History, Transnational History, Global History, Teaching History
- by Peter Borschberg
- •
- History, Military History, Economic History, Social Movements
- by Peter Borschberg
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- History, Military History, Modern History, Economic History

From an anthropic perspective, explorers, merchants, and imperialists were for a long time the visible engines of the worldwide breathing. The 20th century reactivated the environmental rights of both sedentary and nomadic populations... more

- by Mannisi Alban
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- Environmental Studies, Global History