Tourist Behavior Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Özellikle 2000’li yıllarla birlikte ivme kazanan teknolojik gelişmeler ve küreselleşme dünyanın bütününe ulaşılabilirliği ve insanların seyahatlerine ayırdıkları zamanlarını arttırmıştır. Geçmişte uzak ve ulaşılmaz olarak görülen... more

Özellikle 2000’li yıllarla birlikte ivme kazanan teknolojik gelişmeler ve küreselleşme dünyanın bütününe ulaşılabilirliği ve insanların seyahatlerine ayırdıkları zamanlarını arttırmıştır. Geçmişte uzak ve ulaşılmaz olarak görülen mesafelere günümüzde birden çok ulaşım aracıyla hızlı, konforlu ve güvenli bir biçimde ulaşılabilmektedir. Bu durum daha çok insanı seyahat etmeye ve turizme katılmaya yönlendirmektedir. Bu gelişmelerin sonucu olarak küresel ölçekte 2019 yılı itibariyle 1,4 milyar insanın katıldığı ve 1,7 trilyon dolar gelirin elde edildiği bir turizm pazarı oluşmuştur. Bu denli büyük bir pazardan daha çok pay almak isteyen ülkeler, bölgeler, kentler, köyler ve hatta kırsal alanlar yani destinasyon olarak adlandırılan bölgelerde yoğun bir rekabet ortamı ve turizm pazarlarında yer alma mücadelesi yaşanmaktadır. Artık dünyada kabul görmüş genel ölçütler bağlamında gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olarak kabul edilen ve hatta gelişim konusunda oldukça geri kalmış ülkeler bile hem genel ekonomik seviyelerinin yükseltilmesinde hem de dengeli gelişimlerinde ve gelir paylaşımlarında adaletin sağlanması hususunda turizmin ne denli önemli olduğunun bilincindedirler. Ülkeler genel olarak sadece isimleri ile bilinirliklerini artırma, marka olma ve turist sadakati oluşturma çabalarının ötesinde sahip olduğu tüm bölgeleri, kentleri ve yöreleri ile tanınma, bilinme ve marka olma isteğindedirler. Bu çerçevede sadece merkezi yönetimleri ile değil aynı zamanda yerel yönetimlerini, turizm bürolarını, politikacılarını ve hatta ulusal ve uluslararası tanınırlığı olan ünlülerini aktif olarak kullanarak pazarlama faaliyetlerini yürütmektedirler. Günümüzde genelden özele doğru ve detayların daha ön plana çıkarıldığı bir pazarlama ve satış süreci turizm pazarlarının ve destinasyonlarının öncelikli stratejilerini oluşturmaktadır. Çünkü diğer destinasyonlardan ayrışamayan, farklılıklarını ön plana çıkaramayan, var olan kaynaklarıyla yetinip alternatifler üretemeyen, potansiyellerini gerçekleştirmede başarısız olan, trendleri takip etme konusunda yetersiz kalan, altyapı ve üstyapı yatırımlarını tamamlayamayan destinasyonlar pazarda rekabet edememektedirler. Uygun kaynaklarla ve iyi analiz edilmiş makul hedeflerle oluşturulmuş, turistlerin kişisel ihtiyaçlarına, isteklerine ve beklentilerine de yanıt verebilen destinasyonlar ise yönetim ve pazarlama açısından başarıya ulaşmaktadırlar ve varlıklarını geleceğe taşıyabilmektedirler. Destinasyon pazarlamasında destinasyonun sahip olduğu tüm varlıkların ve değerlerin sunulması gerekmektedir. Ancak karmaşık ve çok bileşenli bir turistik ürün olan destinasyonların kendilerine özgü pazarlama güçlüklerinden dolayı uygun bir pazarlama karmasının oluşturulması, hizmet kalitesi ve turist memnuniyetinin sağlanması ve destinasyona olan sadakatin oluşturulabilmesi etkin ve sistemli bir pazarlama sürecini gerekli kılmaktadır.

In response to the need for a better empirical understanding of the multiple factors that drive the demand of wine tourism, this paper serves a twofold objective: first, to test the distinctiveness of motivations for visiting a wine... more

In response to the need for a better empirical understanding of the multiple factors that drive the demand of wine tourism, this paper serves a twofold objective: first, to test the distinctiveness of motivations for visiting a wine region along with a winery; and secondly, to explore whether geographical distance between tourists' place of origin and the wine region can add to the ability of other wine consumer/tourist variables (product involvement; product knowledge; wine tourist identity; past experience) to predict specific aspects of wine tourist behavior. In doing so, quantitative survey data were collected from 381 visitors of twelve wineries located in Northern Greece. Results from Principal Component and Multiple Hierarchical Regression Analyses indicate that travel distance predicts wine purchasing at the cellar door as well as the motivational factors associated with 'Socialization' and 'Destination attractiveness'. Further, the study proposes a conceptual framework for wine tourism motivation.

Travel agencies are currently faced with increasing difficulties in adapting products and services to a diverse and unpredictable demand. As part of a multi-year research on this phenomenon, a survey was carried out in order to analyse... more

Travel agencies are currently faced with increasing difficulties in adapting products and services to a diverse and unpredictable demand. As part of a multi-year research on this phenomenon, a survey was carried out in order to analyse consumer behaviour, in its relationship with distributors. The measurement instruments were applied by means of a questionnaire for travel consumers. The study seeks to examine the process of choosing and purchasing tourism products, the means involved, and the specific relationships with travel agents. The findings reveal the importance of family and friends networks in the choice of holiday destinations, as well as the importance of Internet in searching for and planning trips.

Covid-19 pandemic posed new global restrictions affected movement and tourists' travel behavior and habits. This study aims to investigate and monitor these effects to understand the new features of tourists' behavior in general and... more

Covid-19 pandemic posed new global restrictions affected movement and tourists' travel behavior and habits. This study aims to investigate and monitor these effects to understand the new features of tourists' behavior in general and Saudis in particular. The study depending on closed-ended questionnaire directed to 374 Saudi air travelers to investigate their travel habits and behavior before and after the pandemic, using t-test and chi-square to analyze it. The study resulted that covid-19 travel restrictions affected travelers' preferences, habits and intentions, especially concerning destination choice, reserva tion methods, tourist activities, and means of transportation, accommodation and trip duration.

This study examined the relationship between negative tourist-to-tourist interaction (NTTI) and tourist emotions, intention to recommend, and revisit intention, based on the stimulus-organism-response paradigm and servicedominant logic.... more

This study examined the relationship between negative tourist-to-tourist interaction (NTTI) and tourist emotions, intention to recommend, and revisit intention, based on the stimulus-organism-response paradigm and servicedominant logic. It also investigated the moderating effect of optimism in the relationship between NTTI and tourist emotions to highlight the importance of optimism in tourist behavior in COVID-19 times. Data were collected through a survey form from 256 domestic tourists visiting Pamukkale travertines and archaeological site, one of Turkey's leading attractions. The research hypotheses were tested using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling. The data analysis revealed that NTTI significantly affects tourist emotions. Unpleasantness had a negative and significant effect on intention to recommend, while joy had a positive and significant effect. Besides, joy and positive surprise affected revisit intention positively and significantly. Joy and unpleasantness mediated the relationship between NTTI and intention to recommend. Finally, optimism moderated the relationships between NTTI and joy and NTTI and positive surprise.

Resumo: O artigo discute a pertinência conceitual do termo turismo religioso popular e sua capacidade de geração de negócios, portanto, de produção de desenvolvimento social e econômico. Se por um lado o conceito se revela frágil, por... more

Resumo: O artigo discute a pertinência conceitual do termo turismo religioso popular e sua capacidade de geração de negócios, portanto, de produção de desenvolvimento social e econômico. Se por um lado o conceito se revela frágil, por outro as oportunidades de negócio ainda permanecem pouco explorados por empresários, turismólogos e governos. Palavras-Chave: Turismo religioso popular; Negócios; Conceito; Crítica. Resumen: Este artículo discute la eficacia conceptual de la palabra turismo religioso popular e su capacidad de producir negocios de producción de desarrollo social e económico. El concepto es frágil, ambiguo, pero las oportunidades de trabajo son criadas. Palabras clave: Turismo religioso popular; Negocios, Concepto, Crítica Abstrac: The present article discusses, simultaneously, the conceptual adequation of the term popular religious tourism and the empiric capacity of this activity in generating business and, therefore, in producing social and economic development. If by one side the concept reveals itself fragile, by another the business opportunities still remain few explored by business men, tourism professionals and governments.

Consumer behavior is changing as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, thus compelling attraction sites to find new ways of offering safe tours to visitors. Based on protection motivation theory, we develop and test a model that examines key... more

Consumer behavior is changing as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, thus compelling attraction sites to find new ways of offering safe tours to visitors. Based on protection motivation theory, we develop and test a model that examines key drivers of visitors' COVID-19-induced social distancing behavior and its effect on their intent to use virtual reality-based (vs. in-person) attraction site tours during and post-COVID-19. Our analyses demonstrate that visitor-perceived threat severity, response efficacy, and self-efficacy raise social distancing behavior. In turn, social distancing increases (decreases) visitors' intent to use virtual reality (in-person) tours during the pandemic. We find social distancing to boost visitors' demand for advanced virtual tours and to raise their advocacy intentions. Our results also reveal that social distancing has no effect on potential visitors' intent to use virtual reality vs. in-person tours post-the pandemic. We conclude by discussing vital implications that stem from our analyses.

Assuming a holistic view of attribution, the paper presents hypotheses regarding the mediating role of brand related attributions in the relationships between tourists' experiences (pleasure, arousal, satisfaction) and their emotional... more

Assuming a holistic view of attribution, the paper presents hypotheses regarding the mediating role of brand related attributions in the relationships between tourists' experiences (pleasure, arousal, satisfaction) and their emotional attachments to place-based brands. Testing the hypotheses involves a sample of 3460 visitors to fifteen international regions and examining wine (e.g., regional umbrella brands such as Bordeaux, Rioja, Tuscany, Napa, and Western Hills) as the tested stimulus. Results suggest that brand related attributions fully mediate the influence of pleasure and satisfaction on brand attachments, whereas arousal has a direct effect; prior place attachment and place to brand associations enhance effects of the tourism experience. (R. Veale), Joelle.Brouard@escdijon.eu (J. Brouard), a.cavicchi@unimc.it (A. Cavicchi), monica.faraoni@unifi.it (M. Faraoni), mlarrein@com.deusto.es (M. Larreina), benoit.lecat@escdijon.eu (B. Lecat), Janeen.olsen@sonoma.edu (J. Olsen), carmen.santos@unileon.es (C. Rodriguez-Santos), santini.cristina@gmail.com (C. Santini), Damien.Wilson@escdijon.eu (D. Wilson). 0148-2963/$see front matter

El presente estudio forma parte de una serie de consultorías que buscan apoyar la formulación de una estrategia de comercialización para la Plataforma de Turismo Rural de Amazonas (PTRA). Entrevistas de profundidad a turistas y actores... more

El presente estudio forma parte de una serie de consultorías que buscan apoyar la formulación de una estrategia de comercialización para la Plataforma de Turismo Rural de Amazonas (PTRA). Entrevistas de profundidad a turistas y actores locales se han combinado con un análisis de la presencia del destino en las redes sociales. La metodología empleada es pionera en su genero y facilita un acercamiento a las motivaciones, características sociográficas, nivel de satisfacción, percepción de los sitios visitados, etc. La identificación de tipologías de viajeros que van más de allá de los tradicionales categorías permitirán enriquecer el desarrollo de la estrategia.

The tourism industry is among the most important industries capable of stimulating economic growth. In Malaysia, in 2008 alone, tourist arrivals to this country had generated national income of RM49.6 billion. This study was conducted to... more

The tourism industry is among the most important industries capable of stimulating economic growth. In Malaysia, in 2008 alone, tourist arrivals to this country had generated national income of RM49.6 billion. This study was conducted to see whether travelers are satisfied with their visit to the country and also to highlight factors that contribute to tourist satisfaction. The results showed that the overall tourist satisfaction with their visit to the country gave the mean score of 3.74. Among factors that attracted tourist to visit the country are beautiful scenery, customs and culture, hospitality of the service providers, the quality of food and the friendliness of the locals. Continuous efforts are recommended to improve the satisfaction of the tourists because of its impact on their attitudes to revisit this country

The purpose of this study is to examine the emerging flashpacker sub-culture in relation to the backpacker culture. Cultural Consensus Analysis is employed to examine the potential cultural divergence between flashpackers and... more

The purpose of this study is to examine the emerging flashpacker sub-culture in relation to the backpacker culture. Cultural Consensus Analysis is employed to examine the potential cultural divergence between flashpackers and non-flashpackers. A mixed-mode dual-frame sampling procedure was employed for data collection, as surveys were administered through Facebook backpacker-groups and in hostels in Cairns, Australia. The results indicate that flashpacker and non-flashpacker groups have a shared cultural understanding of backpacking. In addition to the conceptual clarity of the emerging flashpacker, this study also provides some interesting insights into contemporary backpacker culture and the continuing convergence of physical travel with information and communication technologies.

Purpose-Scales play an important role in researching and understanding a field. This study aims to explore scales developed in hospitality and tourism to identify the trends and the gaps in the scale development studies with a view to... more

Purpose-Scales play an important role in researching and understanding a field. This study aims to explore scales developed in hospitality and tourism to identify the trends and the gaps in the scale development studies with a view to make scale development recommendations for future studies. Design/methodology/approach-The study explores and analyses 253 scales developed from the perspectives of scope and methodology. The scales were first grouped into categories to identify trends and gaps in scale development to be able to make recommendations from the scope perspective. Then, for the methodology perspective, the scales were analysed according to various criteria such as sampling, reliability, validity and pilot testing reporting. Findings-The study shows that while there are opportunities in some areas to develop newer scales, some areas appear to be saturated. It is important to note that all scales appear to be self-report scales which may result in the measurement of self-perceptions of people alone regarding a phenomenon. The study also pointed out some of the methodological shortcomings in the scales developed. Research limitations/implications-The study has both theoretical and practical implications. From a theoretical implications perspective, the study identified the overlaps and the gaps in scale development and provided several new scale development ideas concerning their scopes/topics and methodologies. From a practical perspective, the study shed light on the extent which the scales are relevant and useable by the practitioners in the tourism and hospitality establishments. Originality/value-The study is original as there is no collective review of hospitality and tourism scales. The study identifies the trends, gaps, overlaps and some of the weaknesses of the scales developed and offers several valuable recommendations for the future.

This study aims to predict the level of international tourists' intention to use MTG in the context of Thai national parks, and investigates the roles of mobile design qualities (content quality, appearance quality, and interaction... more

This study aims to predict the level of international tourists' intention to use MTG in the context of Thai national parks, and investigates the roles of mobile design qualities (content quality, appearance quality, and interaction quality) through perceived usefulness and perceived ease-of-use on intention. The mixed-method using exploratory sequential design is the research method. The qualitative approach is started in the first stage then quantitative approach is analysed the large sample size. This study extends the TAM2 with mobile design qualities. The results shows the high level of international tourist' intention to use MTG. It indicates that the international tourists will intent to the mobile tourism guide (MTG), if the MTG is provided for them. The direct factors of tourists' intention are perceived usefulness, perceived ease-of-use, mobile content quality and mobile appearance quality. The most direct effect is mobile content quality. The qualities of content and appearance have the positive roles on perceived usefulness, while the qualities of appearance and interaction have the indirect effects through perceived ease-of-use on tourists' intention. The proposed model provides the body of knowledge in the context of MTG, especially the factors of international tourists' intention to use MTG.

The purpose of this paper is to articulate a set of ethical standards for international volunteer tourism. The standards are focused on promoting fair trade learning principles in the management and operation of volunteer programmes.... more

The purpose of this paper is to articulate a set of ethical standards for international volunteer tourism. The standards are focused on promoting fair trade learning principles in the management and operation of volunteer programmes. Because of the unique social mission, research, and evaluation capacities of higher education, we propose first applying these principles specifically to international volunteer programmes operating at the university-community nexus. These standards have emerged through a collaborative, in-person and online process during the last two years with input by numerous concerned global citizens, international education practitioners and researchers, nongovernmental organization representatives, and community members. The document shared below represents current ‘best practice’ for maximizing the benefits and minimizing the negative impacts of volunteer tourism programmes for both host communities and volunteers.

El Gobierno de Colombia sancionó la Ley 2069, por medio de la cual se impulsa el emprendimiento, cuyo objeto es establecer un marco regulatorio que propicie el crecimiento, consolidación y sostenibilidad de las empresas. Dicho marco... more

El Gobierno de Colombia sancionó la Ley 2069, por medio de la cual se impulsa el emprendimiento, cuyo objeto es establecer un marco regulatorio que propicie el crecimiento, consolidación y sostenibilidad de las empresas. Dicho marco delineará un enfoque de acuerdo a las realidades socioeconómicas de cada región. Se dispone que el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores expedirá un régimen especial para el ingreso, permanencia y trabajo en el país de los denominados "nómadas digitales", con el fin de promover a Colombia como un centro de trabajo remoto, en el marco de la cuarta revolución industrial. Teniendo en cuenta las nuevas tecnologías e importancia de la digitalización, señala también que será reglamentado el uso de la firma electrónica y digital. Se establece el seguro de Mipyme, para incentivar y proteger el emprendimiento, consolidación y sostenibilidad de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas. En materia tributaria indica que, una vez terminadas las emergencias declaradas por el Ministerio de Salud con ocasión de la pandemia del covid-19, los saldos a favor en el impuesto sobre las ventas que no hayan sido solicitados en devolución y/o compensación solo podrán ser imputados en las declaraciones de los periodos siguientes. Por último, con el fin de impulsar la demanda y reactivación del tejido empresarial a través del consumo, a partir de la promulgación de la ley, por única vez y hasta el 30 de junio del 2021, todas las personas naturales infractoras de las normas del Código Nacional de Seguridad y Convivencia Ciudadana, decretos del orden nacional, departamental, municipal o distrital, dictados a fin de contener la pandemia de la covid-19, que tengan pendiente el pago de las multas, estén pagando o hayan incumplido acuerdos de pago por contravenciones impuestas hasta el 31 de agosto del 2020, fecha en que finalizó el aislamiento preventivo obligatorio, podrán acogerse a un descuento de hasta el 60 % del total de su deuda y del total de los intereses, conforme lo reglamente cada entidad departamental, municipal o distrital.

Backpacker tourism is well-recognized by the tourism business as a tourist segment. Backpackers are normally motivated by cultural destinations and authentic experiences. Consequently, they can contribute to the economic development of... more

Backpacker tourism is well-recognized by the tourism business as a tourist segment. Backpackers are normally motivated by cultural destinations and authentic experiences. Consequently, they can contribute to the economic development of local communities. This study aims to explore the demographic profiles and travel behavior of backpackers in the Khao San road area, Thailand. Additionally, impacts of the backpackers on tourism development are analyzed to deeper understand this group of tourists. The survey was carried out on 239 respondents and interviews were done with local stakeholders. The results are aligned with most previous research on backpacker’s profiles and behaviors and their effects on tourism development. From the findings, their longer stays and care about the local community can be beneficial to the sustainable tourism development. Plans and policies can be made accordingly to enhance the positive impacts and mitigate the negative ones.

High-speed rail, tourists' destination choice and length of stay: A survival model analysis. Tourism Economics. Abstract We analysed the determinants of the length of stay for tourists arriving in a Mediterranean coastal destination by... more

High-speed rail, tourists' destination choice and length of stay: A survival model analysis. Tourism Economics. Abstract We analysed the determinants of the length of stay for tourists arriving in a Mediterranean coastal destination by means of high-speed rail (HSR) service. This study is based on data obtained from a survey completed by HSR passengers returning from holiday in Costa Daurada (Catalonia). The empirical analysis is based on estimations made using a survival model. The influence of the availability of HSR service on tourists' destination choices together with the tourists' profiles, party structure or accommodation characteristics were used as explanatory variables. Results revealed that the existence of HSR services played a minor role in tourists' decision of whether to visit the Costa Daurada. Also, evidence suggests that the existence of the HSR station would only affect the length of stay of those tourists who stay overnight in second residences.

Este trabajo examina los instrumentos y tecnologías que median la práctica turística, mostrando cómo fomentan o desalientan usos, acciones y percepciones sobre los lugares turísticos. A partir de la teoría de Latour propongo considerar... more

Este trabajo examina los instrumentos y tecnologías que median la práctica turística, mostrando cómo fomentan o desalientan usos, acciones y percepciones sobre los lugares turísticos. A partir de la teoría de Latour propongo considerar estas herramientas como " actantes no ‑humanos " , entendiendo que contribuyen a producir la práctica turística en la misma medida que los humanos. De esta manera, se analiza la supuesta objetividad de estos elementos, para luego observar cómo esa supuesta objetividad afecta la confrontación de la imagen turística con la realidad del lugar. El trabajo finaliza con una reflexión acerca de la cristalización y mercantilización de la imagen turística como suvenir.

(abbreviated version of extended abstract, originally prepared for symposium agenda) There is a certain paucity of knowledge on decisions made during the vacation, and it seems that we need to build knowledge on where it is that tourists... more

(abbreviated version of extended abstract, originally prepared for symposium agenda)
There is a certain paucity of knowledge on decisions made during the vacation, and it seems that we need to build knowledge on where it is that tourists actually go, before we start designing "experiencepaths" for them to follow.
GPS technology has an obvious potential in regard to monitoring tourist movements. A series of limitations exist, though, and within the foreseeable time, special hardware will have to be used and ways found to “tie” the equipment to the respondents/test persons. The purpose of this paper is explore how GPS technology etc. can help provide the valuable and much needed information on tourists’ movement at the destination. Accordingly, the paper accounts for a very exploratory study at a specific destination (i.e. a Danish Wadden sea island). The tools employed are GPS-devices, with some degree of interactivity and opportunities for the test persons to comment and answer questions while on-the-go, be it with SMS or internet-based interfaces. What is especially interesting about this exploratory study is not the results per se and at such, at this stage we are not particularly interested in the results pertaining to where the tourists actually go during their stay at the island. Instead, the key contribution of the study is that this small-scale experiment enables us to address a series of critical questions in regard to this, new, way of researching tourists’ in situ decision-making processes and consequent movements at the destination. Hence, the ambition is that the small-scale experiment we account for in this paper may trigger further research into whether emerging technologies (GPS etc) may enable us to triangulate sources of information so that we can supplement tourists’ retrospective self-reporting pertaining to in situ decision-making with valid and reliable information on their actual behaviour at the destination.

Research regarding the use of social media among travelers has mainly focused on its impact on travelers' travel planning process and there is consensus that travel decisions are highly influenced by social media. Yet, little attention... more

Research regarding the use of social media among travelers has mainly focused on its impact on travelers' travel planning process and there is consensus that travel decisions are highly influenced by social media. Yet, little attention has been paid to the differences among travelers regarding their use of social media for travel purposes. Based on the use of travel social media, cluster analysis was employed to identify different segments among travelers. Furthermore, the study profiles the clusters based on demographic and other travel related characteristics. The findings of this study are important to online marketers to better understand traveler's use of social media and their characteristics, in order to adapt online marketing strategies according to the profile of each segment.

The proliferation of new technologies that make video easy to record and speedily accessible on the internet make guest generated content monitoring and responding challenging. The paper defines word of video as the next generation of... more

The proliferation of new technologies that make video easy to record and speedily accessible on the internet make guest generated content monitoring and responding challenging. The paper defines word of video as the next generation of word of mouse and distinguishes it from viral videos. Hospitality’s intangible services become quantifiable and tangible to guest’s perceptions. Monitoring audio or video content is harder than that of word of mouse (WoM). For hospitality the impact of WoV is of paramount importance. As a great guest storytelling medium, guests are increasingly focusing their attention on WoV and managers should soon follow suit.

Purpose of the study: This study is to understand the shifting trends in traveling after the Covid-19 pandemic. This research was also conducted to determine tourist behavior by identifying the typology of tourists and tourist s'... more

Purpose of the study: This study is to understand the shifting trends in traveling after the Covid-19 pandemic. This research was also conducted to determine tourist behavior by identifying the typology of tourists and tourist s' traveling motivation after the Covid-19 pandemic. Methodology: This research is a quantitative descriptive study. The data were collected from an online questionnaire (Google Form) contains statements that are rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, i.e. distribution of frequency, percentage, and average value. The research time was during March-April 2020. The sample was 100 Indonesian respondents, and all data were valid to be analyzed in the study. Main Findings: Millenial tourists were dominated in this study. The results show that tourists' typology tends to the explorer type, and the second position refers to the drifter type. Meanwhile, the motivation was dominated by physical or physiological motivation and followed by interpersonal motivation. Therefore, natural destinations are the primary choice in the respondent's travel plans. Applications of this study: This result may be used as a reference for destination managers in formulating management strategies and destination development after the pandemic period. The tourism industry may also use the findings of this study to plan tourism activities and develop policies in the new normal era. Novelty / Originality of this study: This research is original, and this is the first study that identifying the shifting trends in traveling after Covid-19 pandemic.

Destinations are more likely to be successful if they recognize the experiential qualities of their offerings. However, with some exceptions, research into the emotional content of the destination experience remains largely underexplored.... more

Destinations are more likely to be successful if they recognize the experiential qualities of their offerings. However, with some exceptions, research into the emotional content of the destination experience remains largely underexplored. This current research addresses this lacuna and empirically investigates the dimensions of tourists’ emotional experiences toward hedonic holiday destinations. Adopting a rigorous scale development procedure, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses identify three salient dimensions to represent the Destination Emotion Scale, namely, joy, love, and positive surprise. In addition, tourists’ emotional experiences are related to satisfaction, which in turn has a significant influence on behavioral intentions. Findings offer important implications for destination marketers in relation to branding and emotional experience management.

This study seeks to explore attributes affecting the level of tourist satisfaction with and loyalty towards theatrical performance in China. Based on four focus group discussions with 31 participants, the study identifies 34 attributes... more

This study seeks to explore attributes affecting the level of tourist satisfaction with and loyalty towards theatrical performance in China. Based on four focus group discussions with 31 participants, the study identifies 34 attributes that affect the level of tourist satisfaction with theatrical performance, and groups them into five categories: stage, performance, venue, service and tourist-related attributes. The findings on tourist loyalty reveal that 21 of the 31 respondents would not watch the same theatrical performance alone in the future; however, they would recommend it to others. The study concludes with a discussion of the rich and insightful findings and their implications for tourism industry practitioners. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Despite the significance of the student travel market, this segment’s heterogeneity in motivation and behavior remains relatively unexplored. This article presents a comparative analysis of domestic and international university students’... more

Despite the significance of the student travel market, this segment’s heterogeneity in motivation and behavior remains relatively unexplored. This article presents a comparative analysis of domestic and international university students’ travel motivations and activity preferences. Using Partial Least Squares Path Modeling, questionnaire data from 307 students showed that students were most likely to seek opportunities for learning and relaxation. Further, the student market lacks homogeneity in terms of travel motivation and preference for activities, and motivational factors are significantly associated with activity preference. The study provides empirical support for the motivation–behavior link in preferences for activities, and offers insights into students’ travel motivation and needs, enabling more effective product design and marketing for this important segment. Differences between domestic and international students suggest a need for differentiated strategies for the two groups of travelers.

The number of tourist visits to Bunaken National Park has recently increased, and has subsequently become uncontrollable. This phenomenon has potential benefits and drawbacks according to environmental, economic, and socio-cultural... more

The number of tourist visits to Bunaken National Park has recently increased, and has subsequently become uncontrollable. This phenomenon has potential benefits and drawbacks according to environmental, economic, and socio-cultural aspects. This study aimed to explore the opinion and behavior of local communities regarding tourism growth in their area. To examine this phenomenon, the research study applied a mixed-method approach or combined quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Qualitative data was collected by observing the locals' behavior in Bunaken National Park, and the quantitative data was collected via questionnaires that looked at the perceptions towards tourism development. Doxey's Irritation Index was used as the primary measurement instrument when looking at the interactions among local communities and tourists. The study finds that the local community is likely to give a positive response to the tourism growth in their area and that according to Doxey's theory, they are in the "Euphoria" stage.

This publication collects the outcomes of a research carried on by a group of students of the first year of University degree in Sustainability and Tourism Management (MaST) of the University of Trento during the remote teaching – due to... more

This publication collects the outcomes of a research carried on by a group of students of the first year of University degree in Sustainability and Tourism Management (MaST) of the University of Trento during the remote teaching – due to the restrictions adopted to fight against the Covid-19 pandemics – of the course of Law of Tourism held by Umberto Izzo, associate professor of Private Law within Faculty of Law at the University of Trento. This research comes after a similar one carried out during the first year of pandemic emergency. It deals with many crucial issues related to the impact of Covid-19 on the Touristic field in the second year of pandemics, as professor Izzo proposed the students to investigate these topics. At the beginning of the second Summer of pandemics this publication deals with 8 main topics corresponding to the 8 chapters of this document: 1) Pandemic crisis, measures to tackle its effects and tourism: a diachronic analysis; 2) The impact of lockdown on the touristic field at the beginning of the second pandemic Summer; 3) Tourism and freedom of movement: evolution of the regulatory framework and measures to start traveling again; 4) Covid-19 and contractual relationships in the touristic field; 5) The reaction of digital touristic platforms to pandemics; 6) Touristic services in post-Covid: warranties offered to tourists and liability of the tourist service provider in terms of places sterility, safety measures and spacing rules; 7) Tourism in intensive care because of Covid-19: which welfare can be expected for workers and which support is offered to private companies in the period of PNRR? 8) Tourism resurgence during the vaccination campaign: range of offers, marketing strategies, product packages. / Questa pubblicazione raccoglie gli esiti di una ricerca svolta da un gruppo di studenti del primo anno della laurea specialistica in Management della Sostenibilità e del Turismo (MaST) dell’Università di Trento, durante la frequenza a distanza – dovuta alla persistenza delle misure adottate per contrastare la pandemia da Covid-19 – del corso di Diritto del turismo impartito dal prof. Umberto Izzo, Associato di diritto privato nella Facoltà di Giurisprudenza dell’Università di Trento. Essa dà seguito ad un’analoga ricerca condotta nel primo anno dell’emergenza pandemica. In essa trovano trattazione e approfondimento vari aspetti problematici legati all’impatto del Covid-19 sul settore del turismo nel secondo anno di pandemia, che il curatore del lavoro ha proposto di indagare agli otto gruppi di studenti che si sono voluti impegnare nella ricerca. Alla vigilia della seconda estate pandemica la pubblicazione affronta otto temi di indagine, cui corrispondono gli otto capitoli del presente lavoro: 1) Crisi pandemiche, misure di contrasto e turismo: un’analisi diacronica; 2) L’impatto del lockdown sul settore turistico alla vigilia della seconda estate pandemica; 3) Turismo e libertà di movimento: evoluzione del quadro normativo e misure per riprendere la libertà di viaggiare; 4) Covid-19 e rapporti contrattuali nel settore del turismo; 5) La reazione delle piattaforme digitali turistiche alla pandemia; 6) I servizi turistici del post covid: garanzie da offrire al turista e responsabilità del prestatore fra asetticità dei luoghi, misure di sicurezza e rispetto delle regole di distanziamento; 7) Il turismo in terapia intensiva a causa del covid: quale welfare per i lavoratori e quale sostegno per le imprese al tempo del PNRR?; 8) La ripartenza del turismo nella fase vaccinale: tipologia di offerte, scelte di marketing, costruzione del prodotto.

Penyusunan trend kunjungan wisatawan ini secara umum bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pola kunjungan wisatawan ke destinasi di Provinsi Banten melalui pengolahan dan analisis data sekunder untuk; • Mengetahui gambaran jumlah kunjungan... more

Penyusunan trend kunjungan wisatawan ini secara umum bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pola kunjungan wisatawan ke destinasi di Provinsi Banten melalui pengolahan dan analisis data sekunder untuk;
• Mengetahui gambaran jumlah kunjungan wisatawan baik domestik maupun mancanegara ke destinasi wisata Provinsi Banten,
• Mengetahui tren kunjungan wisatawan ke ke objek-objek wisata di Provinsi Banten, melalui analisis data statistik kepariwisataan yang ada,
• Menyusun usulan rekomendasi profiling, pendataan dan penyusunan serta penyajian informasi pariwisata berdasarkan konsep global,
• Terkumpulnya data cross-sectional (at a point of time) sabagai pelengkap data berkala yang digunakan untuk penyusunan analisis tren.
Adapun sasaran dari hasil analisis tren ini adalah para pemangku kepentingan di bidang pariwisata antara lain:
• Pemerintah Pusat, lembaga vertikal, Pemerintah Kabupaten/¬Kota, SKPD Provinsi Banten yang terkait dengan Instruksi Gubernur No. 1 Tahun 2006 tentang Pembangunan Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata;
• Kelembagaan Non Government Organization (NGO) di bidang Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata antara lain PHRI, ASITA, HPI;
• Masyarakat di lingkungan Destinasi Provinsi Banten;
• Masyarakat di lingkungan Akademisi Provinsi Banten;
• Serta pelaku usaha jasa bidang Budpar lainnya;

The research paper would be focusing on the essence of hospitality, as hospitality is the significant key use by hotel industry to exhibit their goodwill and concern towards the guest. The component which we will be showcasing through our... more

The research paper would be focusing on the essence of hospitality, as hospitality is the significant key use by hotel industry to exhibit their goodwill and concern towards the guest. The component which we will be showcasing through our research is the positive and the negative footprint branding image of OYO Rooms which they are maintaining for their online and offline booking. The overview of the research will be based upon the relationship between the guest and the staff of the OYO rooms which is also referred as known as OYO Hotels. Title of research was chosen on OYO Rooms owing to the fact that OYO Hotels are surprisingly unordinary it provides the safe space not only to the different categories of guest. They are known for their wonderful experience at a price it is impossible especially when it comes to family stay. The research work of author would also be discussing OYO hotels branding strategy and business models, they are offering for excellent customer service.

The article uses the spatial-temporal behaviour of cruise passengers at a given destination as an explanatory factor of their expenditure. First, it shows that different expenditure levels imply different mobility patterns. Second, it... more

The article uses the spatial-temporal behaviour of cruise passengers at a given destination as an explanatory factor of their expenditure. First, it shows that different expenditure levels imply different mobility patterns. Second, it identifies the spatial-temporal variables that better explain the cruise passengers' expenditure at destination. GPS tracking technologies are employed to monitor the mobility of cruise passengers in the city of Tarragona (Catalonia) along with traditional surveys about their expenditure in the city. The combination of both sources allowed for the observation that those tourists with a higher per-capita expenditure are those who spend more time onshore, visit a lower number of tourist sites and spend more time in places with a tourist-oriented, mixed commercial and recreational function. This more thorough knowledge of the relationship between spatial-temporal behaviour and expenditure of cruise passengers at an onshore destination is essential for planning the commercial supply and the management of tourists' mobility.

ABSTRAK Kajian ini adalah mengenai Pembangunan Mapan Pengurusan Pelancongan Marin di Pulau Redang. Ia melibatkan responden berbilang kaum yang berada di sekitar kawasan yang berhampiran dengan Pulau Redang seperti masyarakat yang tinggal... more

ABSTRAK Kajian ini adalah mengenai Pembangunan Mapan Pengurusan Pelancongan Marin di Pulau Redang. Ia melibatkan responden berbilang kaum yang berada di sekitar kawasan yang berhampiran dengan Pulau Redang seperti masyarakat yang tinggal di tanah besar dan sekitar Kuala Terengganu. Faktor kemudahan pengangkutan dan fasiliti yang disediakan menjadi satu tarikan pengunjung untuk datang ke Pulau Redang. Pengkaji telah mengedarkan borang soal selidik kepada 350 orang responden. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk mendapatkan hasil kajian. Semua data yang diperolehi diterangkan dalam bentuk jadual serta rajah. Seterusnya, cadangan diusulkan kepada pihak-pihak berkaitan dan pengkaji berharap kajian ini akan dijalankan pada masa hadapan dengan lebih lengkap serta memberikan manfaat kepada masyrakat dan mana-mana pihak yang memerlukan. Kata kunci: Mapan, Pelancongan Marin, Pengurusan PENGENALAN Dalam hasil kajian ini, penyelidik telah mengkaji mengenai pelancongan mapan di Pulau Redang. Penyelidik telah menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif dan kualitatif untuk mendapatkan hasil kajian yang menyeluruh. Tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengetahui adakah pembangunan yang dijalankan di sekitar pulau menjejaskan habitat laut dan darat dan secara tidak langsungnya mengekalkan kemapanan alam sekitar untuk generasi akan datang. Kaedah kajian yang dipilih adalah kerana ia memberikan sampel dan hasil kajian yang dapat diukur dengan lebih mendalam. Hasil penyelidikan yang didapati adalah menunjukan hasil yang positif. Pengurusan Pelancongan adalah satu aktiviti perkhidmatan yang disediakan oleh komponen-komponen industri pelancongan seperti agensi pelancongan, syarikat penerbangan, perhotelan, perkhidmatan makanan dan pusat-pusat rekreasi kepada para pelancong dalam dan luar negara. Selain itu, sektor pelancongan berkembang seiring dengan ekonomi global. Sektor pelancongan merupakan salah satu faktor penyumbang kepada ekonomi sesebuah negara. Kerajaan memandang sektor pelancongan sebagai peluang kepada pekerjaan kepada masyarakat tempatan di negara ini. Di samping itu, kebanyakan pelancong yang datang melancong ke pulau-pulau adalah untuk menghilangkan tekanan dan penat ketika berkerja di bandar-bandar dan ingin mencari ketenangan dengan berehat di pulau-pulau. Oleh itu, pengurusan pelancongan amat penting dalam sektor pelancongan kerana pelancongan merupakan salah satu faktor yang menjadi panduan kepada pelancong untuk datang melancong ke tempat mereka dan seterusnya dapat memperkenalkan pelancongan kehidupan marin. Menurut Kamus Ekologi (2008), kehidupan marin merupakan hidupan dan tumbuhan yang hidup di laut, dari tanda air pasang di sepanjang pantai hingga di kedalaman lautan. Hidupan organisma ini boleh dibahagikan kepada tiga kumpulan utama iaitu, benthos merupakan tumbuh-tumbuhan seperti rumpai laut dan haiwan seperti tapak sulaiman yang hidup di darat

The Tourist Gaze (Urry 1990, 2002) is one of the most discussed and cited tourism books (with about 4k citations on Google scholar). Whilst wide-ranging in scope, the book is known for the Foucault-inspired concept of the tourist gaze... more

The Tourist Gaze (Urry 1990, 2002) is one of the most discussed and cited tourism books (with about 4k citations on Google scholar). Whilst wide-ranging in scope, the book is known for the Foucault-inspired concept of the tourist gaze that brings out the fundamentally visual and image-saturated nature of tourism encounters. However, some recent literature has critiqued this notion of the 'tourist gaze' for reducing tourism to visual experiences-to sightseeing-and neglecting the other senses, bodily experiences and 'adventure'. The influential 'performance turn' (see Edensor, 1998; Coleman and Crang, 2002; Haldrup and Larsen, 2010 amongst others) within tourist studies suggests that the doings of tourism are physical or corporeal and not merely visual and it is necessary to regard 'performing' rather than 'gazing' as the dominant tourist research paradigm (Perkins and Thorns, 2001). Yet we argue here that there are in fact many similarities between the paradigms of gaze and of performance. They should 'dance together' rather than stare at each other at a distance. This paper rethinks the tourist gaze in the light of this performance turn and of a Goffmanian dramaturgical sociology by examining the embodied and multisensuous nature of gazing, as well as the complex social relations and fluid power geometries comprising performances of gazing. The Foucault-inspired notion of the tourist gaze can be enlivened, made more bodily

Aims: This research examines tourist travel intentions after the end of the pandemic. Study Design: Descriptive quantitative study. Place and Duration of Study: Research from February-April 2020 in Jakarta, Indonesia. Methodology: This... more

Aims: This research examines tourist travel intentions after the end of the pandemic.
Study Design: Descriptive quantitative study.
Place and Duration of Study: Research from February-April 2020 in Jakarta, Indonesia.
Methodology: This research is a descriptive study describing the current situation using a quantitative approach. Probability sampling with simple random sampling. Data collection using survey methods by distributing online questionnaires (Google Form) through WhatsApp broadcast messages and reach 128 respondents. Simple quantitative data analysis.
Results: The travel preferences are (78%), or the majority of respondents said they would go back on tour. About (65%) will return to travel in the near term, which is 0-6 months after the pandemic is declared over, of the type of tourism desired by respondents is nature tourism by (66%), The majority of the desired tour duration is short-period, which is 1-4 days. The survey results show that travel intention mean value is higher than travel anxiety.
Conclusion: Empirical predictions of tourist behavior after this pandemic ends. There are passion and optimism that tourism will recover faster because the majority of respondents in this study have planned when and where they will immediately after COVID-19 pandemic end with new travel preferences.

As successful tourism firms invest heavily in marketing to defend or improve their competitive position, they increasingly need to measure their marketing performance. Previous studies related to tourism have largely focused on financial... more

As successful tourism firms invest heavily in marketing to defend or improve their competitive position, they increasingly need to measure their marketing performance. Previous studies related to tourism have largely focused on financial and operational performance, but the marketing perspective has been largely overlooked. Drawing on an in-depth investigation involving 12 hotel chains, 8 travel agencies and 8 tour operators, this study provides an overview of the state-of-the-art marketing performance measurements among some of the leading tourism firms in Italy. Several issues and unanswered questions are also identified.

Chapter 4 is devoted to the analysis of tourist behaviour as a fundamental aspect to be considered by tourism destinations and businesses when planning marketing strategies. The chapter addresses the factors that affect tourists’... more

Chapter 4 is devoted to the analysis of tourist behaviour as a fundamental aspect to be considered by tourism destinations and businesses when planning marketing strategies. The chapter addresses the factors that affect tourists’ preferences and choices, and special attention is paid to sustainability issues. Moreover, tourists’ motivations are discussed, to help readers’ understanding of tourists’ travel decisions...

This study tests the differences in the shared understanding of the backpacker cultural domain between two groups: backpackers from Australasia and backpackers from Asian countries. A total of 256 backpackers responded to a questionnaire... more

This study tests the differences in the shared understanding of the backpacker cultural domain between two groups: backpackers from Australasia and backpackers from Asian countries. A total of 256 backpackers responded to a questionnaire administered in Kuala Lumpur, Bangkok and Krabi Province (Thailand). Cultural consensus analysis (CCA) guided the data analysis, to identify the shared values and the differences in the backpacker culture of the two groups. The findings revealed that while the two groups share some of the backpacker cultural values, some other values are distinctively different from one another. The study provides the first empirical evidence of the differences in backpacking culture between the two groups using CCA. Based on the study findings, we propose some marketing and managerial implications.

L'article discute la pertinence conceptuelle du terme tourisme religieux dans le contexte de la post-modernité. Il existe une capacité, en expansion, de générer des affaires, et par conséquent de produire un développement social et... more

L'article discute la pertinence conceptuelle du terme tourisme religieux dans le contexte de la post-modernité. Il existe une capacité, en expansion, de générer des affaires, et par conséquent de produire un développement social et économique, par des activités présentant un attrait de caractère religieux, en particulier dans des pays de tradition ibérique et des pays en voie de développement. Si, pour une part, ce concept révèle une certaine ambiguïté, d'autre part, les occasions de faire des affaires révèlent l'existence d'un champ ethnographique qui s'ouvre à l'investigation anthropologique. Mots clés : Tourisme religieux, affaires, concept, critique et champ ethnographique.

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide a synthesis and an extended discussion of the literature relating to tourist motivation and local food tourism. It presents a review of the academic literature and provides... more

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide a synthesis and an extended discussion of the literature relating to tourist motivation and local food tourism. It presents a review of the academic literature and provides insights into the specific issues addressed by studies in this area.
Design/methodology/approach: A search of major research databases with multiple keywords was performed to identify relevant peer-reviewed articles. A total of 44 articles were identified and analysed using the using the data analysis software NVivo. Based on a qualitative thematic analysis, four themes were identified; defining motivation, motivation theories, local food as a motivating factor in tourist destination choice and tourist motivation to eat local food on holiday.
Findings: The findings suggest that individual attitudes towards local food can influence their behaviours as tourists. These affect travel motivation and destination choice and can influence their approach to food experiences while at a destination
Research implications: This study contributes to the current body of knowledge on motivation and local food tourism. The analysis of the different issues addressed by the literature could build the foundation for future research.
Originality/value: This study presents a comprehensive review of the literature on motivation in local food tourism. It can serve as a roadmap of literature for both academics and practitioners and help stimulate further interest.
Keywords: Local food, tourism, tourist motivation, destination choice

Article History The study aims to explore the impact of the coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19) on tourist behaviour and identifies intentions to change tourist behaviour that will emerge as a result of this pandemic. In the absence of a... more

Article History The study aims to explore the impact of the coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19) on tourist behaviour and identifies intentions to change tourist behaviour that will emerge as a result of this pandemic. In the absence of a similar previous study, this study is designed to be a polite study. 308 travellers, selected on a non-probabilistic basis, participated in this pilot research. The data collected were subjected to Chi-square test of goodness of fit test statistical analysis and content analysis. The results indicate that the current Covid-19 pandemic is expected to have an impact on traveler behavior intentions, in terms of personal safety, economic expenditure, conviction and attitude. Finally, key findings and practical implications of this study are described for the management of this crisis, based on the results and limitations of this research, future research directions are presented. To the best of our knowledge, this paper provides the first exploratory analysis of the consequences that the Covid-19 health crisis is expected to have on travel behaviour. Contribution/Originality: This study contributes to existing literature by exploring the impact of the coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19) on tourist behaviour and identifies intentions to change tourist behaviour that will emerge as a result of this pandemic.

Purpose. Accommodation sharing is a major trend shaping the hospitality industry, and Airbnb is the most prominent sharing platform driving this growth. While price convenience is reported as one of the main strengths of Airbnb... more

Purpose. Accommodation sharing is a major trend shaping the hospitality industry, and Airbnb is the most prominent sharing platform driving this growth. While price convenience is reported as one of the main strengths of Airbnb accommodations, only a few studies have examined price determinants. In particular, it is unclear whether hosts dynamically adjust prices for shared accommodation based on their experience with price management and on the level of market demand. This paper intends to fill this gap by suggesting and testing a comprehensive hedonic pricing model.
Methodology. Data from all 1,056 Airbnb listings for accommodations available in the city of Verona (Italy) on four booking dates in 2016 are collected and analysed through regression analysis.
Findings. The results highlight that price is significantly related to the level of the host’s accumulated experience and to the level of market demand on a specific booking date. The findings provide support for the ability of hosts to dynamically adjust prices for their accommodations.
Practical implications. Drawing on the innovator’s dilemma theory, this study suggests some strategies that traditional hotels may adopt to react to the disruptive nature of Airbnb.
Originality/value. This is one of the few studies to address hosts’ pricing strategies and to specifically consider price adjustments owing to variations in host experience and market demand.