Youth Unemployment Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Unemployment has for a long time been assumed to be a symptom of poor economic progress until resent studies that show the two are not dependent on each other. It is quite possible to have rapid economic growth and experience high levels of unemployment in a country. This has brought to question the nature of unemployment especially in developing countries where conceptualizing the problem is difficult due to lack of research data and opperating almost purely on assumption. It was suggested that perhaps we could look at as the time of the great depression when industrialized countries faced unemployment levels that rivaled what we see in developing countries today. The idea lost favor because the conditions were very different. While unemployment meant machinery and labor were both underutilized in the industrialized economy for us it means people are not able to meet their basic needs and lack the capital to do so. Unemployment for developing nations is not cushioned by a government scheme to provide for those who cannot make ends meet. In my country the government estimated that one in five youth in Kenya is unemployed. It was a topic of great debate but it did not go further to describe what qualified as unemployment. My friends and I were determined to find out just that so we rolled out a blog which is the chepest way to take a poll. The topics we chose were centered around child welfare, unemployment and the LGBT community. It was no surprise that unemployment was the most viewed topic. It was so popular a media company did an expose' on the occupations we had chosen. What was surprising was that we had romantisized the idea of self employment in the topic and it resonated with so many people. This helped us see the psychology of the country now on employment. People are not keen on national development as they are on individual advancement. We also came up with a classification of types of unemployment. We had those that moved from the rural areas attracted by the opportunities perceived to be in urban areas, those that were partially employed like hawkers, graduates holding out for a job they trained for and the laborers who had cyclic employment and unemployment. In an article written 30 years ago David A Morse outlined the possible underlying causes and I believe they still stand true. Capital is not readily available and poorely managed. He believed developing countries should adopt capital saving economic strategies and policies as opposed to labor saving ones adopted by industrialized countries. If we did manage to produce goods there is limited market because of low purchasing power of the struggling unemployed. If labor intensive production was enforced then we

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- Green Infrastructure, Civic Education, Education Policy, Negotiation

This essay will investigate the issue of youth unemployment, beginning from the European Union and moving towards a forgotten part of it, which is North Cyprus. Primarily, this paper will try to give an explanation of what is youth unemployment? Then the essay will seek for policies may had taken place, before or prior to the issue, in EU and NC and SC (South Cyprus or Republic of Cyprus), in order to tackle youth unemployment. Providing data from all the three actors and examine them. After that, this paper will focus on describing the situation that Turkish Cypriots are forced to be in, embargoes and isolations put on them from the rest of the world, and how it affects our issue, the youth unemployment, for TC youth. Than through these findings, explain the consequences of the issue both economically and socially.

- by Arif Osum
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- Cyprus Studies, Unemployment, European Union, Cyprus

This study aims to examine the impact of economic freedom on youth un-employment in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates during 2005–2019. Theoretically, it is assumed that the improvement of economic freedom reduces the unemployment rate. In this paper, we seek to verify this hypothesis for youth population in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries. Specifically, we will determine which specific component of economic freedom has the strongest effect on youth unemployment. Using the Panel Ordinary Least Square approach with fixed effects, we find that the greater the economic freedom score, the lower the youth unemployment rate. In addition, the results suggest that only six of the ten components of economic freedom have a significant effect on the youth unemployment rate, name-ly, property rights, government spending, monetary, trade, investment and, financial freedom. These areas should be targeted by policymakers in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries to develop appropriate policies aimed at enhancement of youth employment

- by Abdessalem Gouider
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- Labor Economics, Rule of Law, Youth Unemployment, GCC countries
- by Diana Salamatova
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- Unemployment, Youth Unemployment

Currently, Botswana is one of high income economies in Africa. Since independence in 1966, the government has put emphasis on the development of human capital through education and skills development of the citizens. The country has dedicated much of the government funds to education to the extent possible while the contribution and payoffs of education expenditure have been limited. This study examines data from 1960-2013 and attempts to link GDP and education expenditure in a long run framework. It has been noted that member states of the United Nations are under pressure to achieve development goals and countries like Botswana need to estimate not only public spending requirements and the macroeconomic implications of financing them, but also the potential social and economic rewards associated with education. Estimations show that at least 40% of people in developing economies are illiterate and governments intend to leave no stone unturned in eliminating this problem. This study applies the Johansen cointegration test and Granger causality procedure to examine the long run affiliations of the variables. Astoundingly, for Botswana economy, there is no long run comovement between GDP and education expenditure for the period 1960-2013. It is advised to review the quality of education and the programmes offered by the local institutions. Jel code:

- by Mpho Bosupeng
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- Public Economics, Higher Education, Government, Unemployment

La diseguaglianza generazionale legata ai meccanismi che regolano il mercato del lavoro italiano affonda le radici nella bassa mobilità sociale, nella mancata propensione del sistema produttivo a investire nell'innovazione, nella domanda di lavoro flessibile e a basso costo espressa dalle imprese, ma trova alimento nella debolezza e inadeguatezza delle politiche pubbliche. L'articolo analizza il sistema di regole che determina l'accesso al sostegno economico previsto per i lavoratori e le lavoratrici dipendenti che perdono involontariamente il lavoro. L'analisi evidenzia l'effetto discriminatorio di tali regole sui giovani. Attraverso i microdati di fonte CICO, Campione integrato delle comunicazioni obbligatorie, predisposto e messo a disposizione dal Ministero del Lavoro e delle politiche sociali, viene verificata e quantificata la difficoltà dei giovani disoccupati ad accedere ai trattamenti di sostegno al reddito della Nuova assicurazione sociale per l'impiego.

- by Roberto De Vincenzi
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- Youth Unemployment, Income Support

Esta investigación tiene por objetivo determinar los factores que explican el desempleo en los jóvenes de 18 a 29 años de edad en el Área Metropolitana de San Salvador a través de la caracterización de la misma y de la identificación de los determinantes del desempleo.
La situación laboral en El Salvador y en los países latinoamericanos en general va en detrimento del nivel de ocupación de las personas jóvenes, por ello en esta investigación se pretende distinguir cuáles son los factores que determinan esta condición desde el lado de la oferta del mercado laboral. Ante la cantidad y calidad de la información este documento representa un reto metodológico.
Para la consecución de los objetivos realizó un esbozo general de las variables clave para toda la población joven en estudio, posteriormente se identificaron las diferencias de comportamiento entre los grupos ocupacionales y finalmente se hizo uso de un modelo de regresión logística binaria que permitiera distinguir entre personas empleadas y personas desempleadas, dando como resultado que los determinantes están vinculados a los ingresos del hogar, las características educativas de la persona, su estado familiar y su papel dentro del hogar.

- by Laura Pacheco
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- Unemployment, El Salvador, Employment, Jóvenes

Art and entrepreneurship, individually, are not new area of investigation, but are far from constituting consolidated topic 'Artrepreneurship', especially in start-up India and Skill India. Despite the perceptible similarities in processes, as they unfold in the business context, the two areas remained ramified in terms of research and in practice as well. Unemployment, especially among the Indian artists, has become exigency of Indian Government and Education System, to focus on 'Artrepreneurship Skill' development among 'Artists'. This research paper sheds light on the present scenario of raising unemployment among Indian Artists, its adverse effect on economy and developing artrepreneurship skills as possible solution. The results of pilot investigation from artists in selected cities of Maharashtra outlines the field of research. Possible other forms of introducing artrepreneurial thinking, behavior, skills in education system with special reference to Skill India is also discussed. The article ends by outlining the areas of further research.

- by Jasmine P Gajare
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- Entrepreneurship, Education, Performing Arts, Art Economics and Markets

Objectives: Fixed-term school exclusions are disciplinary sanctions on pupils in response to serious aggressive or disruptive behaviour in schools. It is unclear whether these sanctions aggravate future problems. Here we assess what impact fixed term exclusions have on later unemployment.Methods: We use data from the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England (LSYPE), a prospective cohort study of over 15,000 adolescents. We treat school exclusion as an ‘intervention’ and apply propensity score matching to assess whether it has a treatment effect on unemployment.Results: We find a consistent difference between excluded and non-excluded children in their likelihood of being unemployed at aged 18/19. This effect ranges between 6-16 percentage points depending on the methodological approach taken. Conclusions: Our results suggest an independent effect of school exclusion on the probability of being unemployed two years later, over and above numerous baseline individual/family characteristics. To truly understand the effect exclusion has on young people, we suggest that high-quality cluster randomised trials are needed.

- by Manuel Eisner
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- Education and Youth Exclusion, Unemployment, Randomization, Young People
- by Pertti O Honkanen
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- Social Sciences, Welfare State, Youth Unemployment

The persistent problem of unemployment in Greece should be recognised as one of the most significant socioeconomic problems of the country. The aim of this paper is to analyse the situation of the disadvantaged groups on the labour market in Greece. We investigate patterns across the following groups: women, young people, long-term unemployed, immigrants and low skilled using cross-dimensional analysis with the following main variables: gender, age, level of education and immigration status. Our analysis relies on the European Labour Force Survey reported by Eurostat using data for the last ten years. Comparing the results with the main targets set by European Union in the field of employment, we concluded that Greece not only did not meet these objectives, but the gaps in employment and unemployment levels were explored during the economic crisis.

- by Kostas Karamanis
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- Gender, Unemployment, Employment, Greece

[NOTE: this is the executive summary of the full 146 page document]
The intention of this community based training needs analysis is to provide an empirical knowledge base for the planning of adult and community education and training within the Mount Alexander Shire. In response to the initiative of the Shire’s three Learn Local providers, Castlemaine Continuing Education, Castlemaine Community House and Maldon Neighbourhood House to achieve this through collaboration, the Department of Education and Early Childhood Development provided funding to facilitate the formation of MATCH as a representation of a community focussed partnership and to jointly undertake the
training needs analysis.
The objectives were to:
• understand skill requirements of employers, including staff development and for new entrant staff;
• identify barriers to training for business and learners;
• differentiate pre-accredited against accredited training requirements;
• identify future training needs for business and industry, and provide data analysis; and
• determine how Learn Local providers and MATCH partners can meet current and future training needs of local industry / business.

- by James M McArdle
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- Education, Adult Education, Community Development, Community Based Education

Unemployment is one of the dilemmas that have entangled the Pakistani society. Its negative impact on the economic development of a country is undeniable. It hinders the economic growth by squandering the abilities of youth. The research aims to identify the social and psychological effects of unemployment on the youth. It also examines the response of their families towards them and the consequent problems being faced by the unemployed youth. The area of the research was Faisal Colony in Rawalpindi, from where a sample of one hundred and five was selected by using purposive sampling technique. The research sheds light on diverse repercussions of unemployment on the individual and family level such as skill deterioration, reduced self-esteem, confidence and disturbance in familial life.

- by The Explorer Islamabad
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- Sociology, Anthropology, Social Anthropology, Social Sciences

The world has been taken over by digital economy leading to an increase in the development of information and Communication Technology (ICT). This raises the question of how it can be used effectively to tackle some of the economic problems facing developing countries. One of the most pressing economic challenges facing African is unemployment/or employability. Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) is among the regions where about 60% of the young population are either unemployed or underemployed. This study, therefore, investigates the role of ICT development towards ending youth unemployment in SSA countries. Using dynamic panel modelling technique, the study employed instrumental variable (IV) regression, within the framework of the System Generalised Method of Moment (GMM)estimator, covering data from the 48 SSA countries from 1991 to 2018. The use of ICT was captured using mobile phone subscribers and a number of internet users. The results show that mobile phone subscriptions significantly reduced youth unemployment, while internet usage had negative, but insignificant effect on youth unemployment in SSA. The implication of these findings is that greater ICT penetration and diffusion is necessary for job creation in the region. Based on these findings, the study recommends that both governments and private sectors in SSA countries should invest more in ICT infrastructures and provide the relevant platforms for ICT skill acquisition by the youths. In addition, youths entering the labour market should be encouraged to increase their ICT skill development.

This study relied on conducting two surveys carried out by “The Project of Database Establishment for Comprehensive Labor and Employment Polices” carried out by the Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor in cooperation with the UNDP and the Central Bureau for statistics. The first survey addressed the study of labor force supply and the second, the study of workforce demand.
The labor force survey is one of the important surveys that provide an essential database of the labor force for the planners, policy- makers and researchers interested in the features of workforce and the trends of its development. The survey of the work labor supply aims at the following:
a) Measuring the size of manpower and labor force and its distribution in the governorates;
b) Measuring the employment level and the size of unemployment in the country;
c) Identifying the occupational structure of labor force and its distribution among the various
economic activities;
d) Identifying the demographic, social and economic features of labor force;
e) Recognition of the workforce distribution by sector;
f) Measuring the labor market indicators with the various criteria (international and local).

- by Kinan Bahnassi
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- Gender, Unemployment, Education and Labor Markets, Syria
- by Pedro Vaz Serra
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- Economics, Development Economics, Youth Studies, Unemployment

This paper is a comparative analysis of the N-Power programme and unemployment in Akwa Ibom State. The study compares unemployment rate in the state before N-Power (2005-2015) and during N-Power (2016-2018Q3). Trend analysis was adopted and the average unemployment for the two periods were compared. The average unemployment before the N-Power programme stood at 22.23% while that during N-power programme stood at 33.45%. This shows that unemployment has still been on the increase in Akwa Ibom despite the adoption of the N-Power programme across states in the federation. To further proof this, the Student's t-test was employed and the result shows that there is no significant difference between unemployment before N-Power and unemployment during N-Power in Akwa Ibom State. It was therefore recommended that efforts geared towards long-term employment in the state should be adopted rather than short-term empowerment programmes. Also, beneficiaries of the N-Power should be made to stay on the programme until they find paid employment rather than laying them off after two years to join the mass unemployed paupers.

- by ubong effiong
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- Youth Unemployment

Handbook for moving towards multiprofessional work offers theoretical background and tools for multiprofessional training, for starting multiprofessional collaboration and for planning and implementing multiprofessional projects. The handbook was developed to provide a resource for educators and professoinals who aim to build bridges between the fields of arts and social work. Lecturers across the areas of arts and social work can use the materials presented in the hendbook to enrich their courses and to explore how multiprofessional work can improve outcomes for those who are in the receipt of their services in more imaginative and creative ways

- by Emilio Jose Gomez Ciriano and +1
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- Arts Education, Migration Studies, Social Work Education, Journalism And Mass communication

Unemployment is a challenging matter for all countries especially for developing countries. Unemployment creates both economic and social problems. Youth unemployment is also serious and growing problem in the world. Global economic crisis made it clear that youth unemployment is more sensible than adult unemployment to crisis. Since youth unemployment has an impact on both today and future in terms of economies, it brings a priority to focus on youth unemployment. As an indicator of inefficiencies for economies, youth unemployment can be seen as loss of resources. Increases in youth unemployment creates hopeless generation and reserve army of unemployed and it harms economies deeply now and future. The aim of this paper is to explain the importance, causes and consequences of youth unemployment and policies to fight against it.

- by Fatih Ayhan
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- Youth Unemployment

The increasing number of young people who are inactive and not engaged in education, employment or training (NEETs) in the UK over the last years bears severe implications both for individual young people and for the society. This study explores the processes underlying the effects of neighborhood context on young people who experience NEET status. It relies on quantitative data from a nationally representative study, the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England (LSYPE), linked with the seven decomposed English Indices of Deprivation. Drawing on previous sociological theories this study puts forward an original theoretical framework, the Ecological Model of Neighbourhood Effects that proposes four pathways that mediate the direct effect of neighbourhoods on young people: a) individual characteristics and attitudes; b) parental characteristics and relationships; c) school experiences and attitudes to schooling, and; d) social epidemics. Potential causal pathways between neighbou...

- by Magdalene Karyda
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- Economics of Education, Social Class, Social Mobility, Neighbourhood Effects

Annotation. The authors examine the importance of creative industries and creative economy in general in fighting unemployment. Strategically nurturing creative industries increase economic growth and development, provide country with competitive advantages, diminish social exclusion and ignite innovation. Providing sustainable development for the whole society, creative industries require special attention and " soft " measures. Analyzing core conditions for the development of the creative industries and its interrelation with decreasing unemployment, authors conclude that encouraging employment in the fast growing creative industries impacts overall unemployment and provides a basis for further economic, technological and societal development.

- by Ugne Daubaraite
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- Unemployment, Creative Industries, Creative Economy, Youth Unemployment

Genç işsizliği ülkelerin önemli sosyal sorunları arasındadır. Genel olarak genç işsizliğinin genel işsizlik seviyesinin yaklaşık iki katı bir düzeyde seyrettiği bilinmektedir. Covid-19 salgını dünyada ve Türkiye’de hem halk sağlığı açısından hem de sosyoekonomik açıdan ciddi bir yıkıma yol açmıştır. Bu yazıda Covid-19 salgınının genç işsizliği üzerindeki farklı boyutları ele alınmıştır.

- by Deniz Beyazbulut
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- Youth Unemployment
- by Christian Garland
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- Critical Theory, Business, Industrial And Labor Relations, Information Systems
- by carlos gonçalves
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- Unemployment, Employment, Youth Unemployment
- by Toni-Ann Barrett
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- Unemployment, Caribbean Studies, Youth Unemployment, Internal Assessment

The aim of this study was to determine some of the key factors affecting youth employment from 2000-2015. Youth unemployment rate (YU) was the dependent variable while consumer price index (INF), domestic gross savings (GS), labor productivity (LP) and economic growth rate (GR) were the independent variables. Data from 31 OECD countries were obtained from World Bank (WB) and OECD databases. Panel Data Analysis was used to analyze the data. The results show that growth, inflation, and savings affect youth unemployment negatively while labor productivity affects youth employment positively. It is therefore concluded that growth, inflation, savings and labor productivity are among the key determinants of youth unemployment. JEL classification: C33, E21, E23, E31, F43, O40.

- by TC Rıza Bayrak
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- Youth Unemployment

In today’s world knowledge is considered as an engine of economy of a country. Any mismatchin knowledge that graduates
possess and market requires would not make the economy more effective. This study was conducted to find out the
educational mismatch between graduates possessed knowledge and market demands. Convenient sampling was carried out
and data were collected from 200 graduates of economics. Further, 32 employers of various organizations were also included
from whom requisite knowledge in market was investigated. The statistical techniques t-test and percentage of responses were
employed to analyze the data. Analysis shows that there exists difference between knowledge possessed by graduates of
economics and knowledge demanded by the employers. It was also found outthat there was a significant difference between
knowledge possessed by male and female, and high and low achiever graduates in economics. Whereas, no significant
difference exists in knowledge possessed by graduates who are in jobs either full-time or part-time. It was concluded that
knowledge of interconnection between economic and other phenomena, marginal considerations and impact of expectations
and surprises are main causes of educational mismatch.

- by Zahida Noreen and +1
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- Youth Unemployment
- by Mohd Asrul
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- Youth Unemployment

The purpose of the study is to find out the effects of youth unemployment in Mogadishu. The study will find out answers to the following research questions: • What are the effect(s) of unemployment among the youths in Mogadishu? • What is... more

The purpose of the study is to find out the effects of youth unemployment in Mogadishu.
The study will find out answers to the following research questions:
• What are the effect(s) of unemployment among the youths in Mogadishu?
• What is the youth dream with regards to employment opportunities in Mogadishu?

- by Hamza Mahbub
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- African Studies, Africa, Unemployment, Somalia

In different countries, unemployment is a major problem. This study aims to analyze the factors that determine the growth of youth unemployment in ASEAN. Period of analysis between 2001 to 2017. Gross Domestic Product, Foreign Direct Investment, Openness, Human Development Index and Population aged 0-14 years are the variables used in this analysis. This study is using quantitative research techniques with the Least Square Dummy Variable (LSDV) estimator for panel data regression analysis.The results of this study show that for the youth unemployment rate, GDP, FDI, and inflation are negative and significant. While Openness, the Human Development Index and population aged 0-14 years have a positive and significant effect on youth unemployment rates.

- by Zainul Hasan
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- Economics, Development Economics, Macroeconomics, Foreign Direct Investment

Youth unemployment remains a global threat pushing youths to participate in various unlawful and dangerous activities. In Zimbabwe, a weak economy and domestic sociopolitical challenges have pushed youth unemployment rates to one of the highest in the continent and globally. Despite accounting for the largest population, Zimbabwean youths continue to be marginalized from the national development discourse, and this has had a general negative impact on the Zimbabwean national development agenda. The National Youth Policy, enacted in 2000 by the government to address youth unemployment through a multi-sectoral framework, has resulted in minimal progress. This paper adopts an in-depth qualitative literature review of academic articles, government reports, World Bank and IMF reports to conduct an analysis of the root causes of high youth unemployment rates in Zimbabwe, its effects and the performance of the measures undertaken by the government to address the problem. This study has identified frequent economic crises, weak education system, and poor implementation of macroeconomic policies by the government as some of the challenges increasing the rates of youth unemployment.

- by Noah Maulani
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- Youth Unemployment
- by Muhd Hamzah
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- Labour Studies, Youth Unemployment

The present study intends to highlight the issues and policies of government and its impact on tribal youth in particular and their families in general to develop their educational as well as their economic status. At the same time the study, also focus on the factors responsible for their unemployment along with the suggestions for improvement in the present status. To explore all these ideas four objectives are framed along with same number of research questions. After a critical analysis we find that the present policies and issues made by the government are praise worthy but the implementation level is not at all fruitful in the grass root level. For that we have made some suggestions for up-gradation of the present situation for tribals like: strict implementation of reservation of seats in public sector employment, proper looking into reservation of seats in institutions of higher learning, formulation of proper welfare schemes for prosperity of tribals based on fact data, in private sector also these should be reservations for schedule tribes. The present 7.5% of reservation for government services should be increased whenever necessary.

- by Open Access Publishing Group
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- Sociology, Social Movements, Education, Social Work

This paper focuses on various concepts and studies associated with child labour, their socioeconomic issues, the World and Indian scenario of child labour. It analyses the driving factors responsible for child labour in India and World. The various forms of child labour and health hazards they are faced. Various causes of child labour like the curse of poverty, lack of educational resources, Social and economic backwardness, Addiction, disease or disability, The lure of cheap labour, Family tradition, Discrimination between boys and girls. Consequences of Child Labour such as General child injuries and abuses like cuts, burns, and lacerations, fractures, tiredness and dizziness, excessive fears and nightmares. Sexual abuse, particularly sexual exploitation of girls by adults, rape, prostitution, early and unwanted pregnancy, abortion, Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) and HIV/AIDS, drugs and alcoholism. Physical abuse involves corporal punishment, emotional maltreatment such as blaming, belittling, verbal attacks, and bad remarks. Emotional neglect such as deprivation of family love and affection, resulting in loneliness, and hopelessness. Physical neglect like lack of adequate provision of food, clothing, shelter and medical treatment. Lack of schooling results in missing educational qualifications and higher skills thus perpetuating their life in poverty. We suggest for a new approach that puts people and the work they do at the center of economic and social policy and business practice: a human-centered agenda for the future of work.

- by B Suresh Lal, PhD
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- Poverty, Early Childhood Education, Unemployment, India

Youth in Africa are living a much challenging period in a very changing environment with 200 million people aged between 15 and 24 years of age. This young population of Africa particularly in Sub Saharan Africa is facing the highest unemployment challenge of history with 10 to 12 million youth entering the workforce each year while only 3.1 million jobs are created. The main objective of this research is to highlight the actual status of youth challenges and available solutions to the imminent unemployment facing young people in Africa.

- by NSHIMIYIMANA Pacifique
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- Social impact, Youth, Development Econmics, Youth Unemployment

Today the first and foremost economic problem is derived from youth unemployment rates. It is
obvious that this problem will cause more serious troubles in the long run in our country where large
majority of the population formed by young generation. In this study the phenomenon of the growing
unemployment among young people is drawn attention and Turkey's youth unemployment profile is
investigated. In this context national employment policy applied in our country is evaluated and
positive consequences of concentrating on those of which effectiveness is relatively high among these
policies such as vocational training, spurring entrepreneurial activities, employment consultancy
services are explained. Nevertheless, it is expressed that the national active employment policies
applied in Turkey are not sufficent to prevent young unemployment on their own.

- by Seda Bayrakdar
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- Youth Unemployment

Cette thèse analyse les déterminants du chômage des jeunes ainsi que les inégalités d’insertion sur le marché du travail en Algérie, en particulier sous l’angle du genre.
La première hypothèse de recherche retient certaines des caractéristiques individuelles comme facteurs prédisposant les actifs au risque de chômage. La typologie dégagée de l’échantillon de chômeurs (Bejaia, Tizi-Ouzou et Tlemcen) à travers l’Analyse des Correspondances Multiples associée à une Classification Ascendante Hiérarchique, révèle un chômage juvénile plutôt urbain se recrutant principalement parmi les femmes et les diplômés de l’enseignement supérieur. Nous montrons ensuite, au moyen d’un modèle Logit, que l’âge, le capital humain ainsi que le genre influent significativement sur la probabilité des actifs d’être au chômage plutôt qu’en emploi dans la wilaya de Tizi-Ouzou.
La deuxième hypothèse posée se fonde sur l’aspect « volontaire » de l’inactivité des femmes. Les résultats de la régression logistique réalisée sur l’échantillon des femmes de la région de Tizi-Ouzou indiquent que l’âge, le capital humain ainsi que la situation matrimoniale constituent les variables les plus déterminantes dans l’orientation des femmes vers l’inactivité.
La troisième hypothèse suggère que la discrimination à l’égard des femmes est susceptible d’être à l’origine des inégalités de genre constatées sur le marché du travail algérien. Nous explorons la question de la discrimination à l’embauche à travers le tout premier testing réalisé en Algérie (Oran). Contrairement à ce qui est souvent admis, la discrimination brute et conditionnelle révèlent un net favoritisme à l’égard des candidatures féminines pour les différents postes considérés de la profession comptable.

- by Lamia Benhabib
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- Labor Economics, Inequality (Economics), Gender Discrimination, Public policies

Одной из самых актуальных социально-экономических проблем экономики Украины остается молодежная безработица. Это явление постоянно находится в поле зрения исследователей, но вопреки этому в последнее время наблюдается рост числа безработной молодежи. Большое количество безработных молодых людей в современных условиях социально-экономического развития Украины — это угроза для национальной безопасности, поскольку длительная безработица приводит к социальным беспорядкам, увеличении преступности. В Украине, состоянием на 1 сентября 2011г. количество зарегистрированной безработной молодежи в возрасте до 35 лет составляла 179,3 тыс. человек по сравнению с 1 сентября 2010г. этот показатель вырос на 11,4%. Мировой экономический кризис лишь обострил проблемы молодежной занятости во всем мире.

- by Yaroslava Yakovenko
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- Ukraine, Youth Unemployment
- by Aliyu Mustapha
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- Entrepreneurship, Adult Education, Higher Education, Career Guidance

The education system in Lebanon has three stages in education that include pre-school, basic, and secondary stages. The secondary level allows merited students to progress to vocational training and tertiary institutions (Bagchi, 2018). However, the level of youth unemployment in the country is quite high due to the region's political instability. The government has made it compulsory for every citizen to at least acquire basic education. A large number of the Lebanese population are educated, with most of them having acquired secondary education. The weak education system policies coupled with high levels of youth unemployment are some of the main issues of the global economic crisis that have hit the ailing economy of Lebanon. The Lebanon labor market constitutes an essential component for the country's stability, but it is unable to absorb the large number of educated youths who are desperately looking for job opportunities. The purpose of this paper is to discuss Lebanon’s youth unemployment issue in the context of the socio-economic effects. This will be exemplified by using the major theories such as the human capital theory and youth unemployment theory to understand youth perceptions about employability and the causes of unemployment in Lebanon

- by Amal Jabali-Kassem
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- Economic Growth, United Nations, Lebanon, Unesco

It is quite clear when the Nigerians youths are ill equipped they tend to make little or no change in the economic development of their country. The youths are the leader of tomorrow. The outcome of unemployment has led to security challenges, poverty, wars, and lots of social vices. This is considering the fact that about 70% of the entire Nigeria’s 150 Million populace are Youths which about 71% are unemployed majorly graduates who are from 20 years and above, affecting adversely the workforce utility of the country (Okoye-Nebo Chidiebere, 2014: Kenneth Iloanya, 2014: Ugochukwu Udunze, 2014). It’s also a pity that these youths and graduate who are qualified, willing and able to work cannot find a job and as such earns nothing. There the purpose of entrepreneurship was to reduce unemployment through self-employment, thereby making Nigeria rich and powerful economy. As obvious as it is that entrepreneurship is the magic wand that can change the story overtime, yet government inability to provide an enabling environment, infrastructure, investment policies and education advance has made this journey a difficult one. However many scholars, commentators and observers have argued that lack of capital is what drives very many people who are unemployed and wants to be self-reliant and self-employed hence inadequate access to loan schemes couple with the issue of collateral and high interest rate on loan from financial institutions, and others arguing that the problem is lack of managerial prowess and the zeal and will to take risks. Therefore government and policy makers must ensure that all the policy programs aimed at stimulating entrepreneurial activity to avoid being hijacked by politicians to rich themselves but rather the Nigerian youth and the country in whole. Finally, sustained education and enlightenment programs on the opportunities that abound in the environment should be put in place because if the Nigerian government must revitalize its economy, reduce unemployment progressively, and generate more employment opportunities, a paradigm shift in policy that is critical to effective entrepreneurship development becomes imperative (Okoye-Nebo Chidiebere, 2014: Kenneth Iloanya, 2014: Ugochukwu Udunze, 2014).
The above facts purely and clearly explain the role of cooperative society and the benefits of cooperative entrepreneurship because they do more good than damage to the economic development of the state and we should agree that the establishment of cooperative societies does not just solve the problem of youth unemployment but also encourages and builds up great entrepreneurs, and through their distinctive focus on values have proven themselves as resilient and variable business models that can prosper even during difficult times.

- by Chinomso Nnana
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- Youth Unemployment