Adlertag (original) (raw)
Adlertag ("Dia da Águia") foi o primeiro dia da Unternehmen Adlerangriff ("Operação Ataque da Águia"), o nome de código da operação militar da Força Aérea da Alemanha Nazi, a Luftwaffe, para subjugar e destruir a Real Força Aérea (RAF). Em Junho de 1940 os aliados haviam sido derrotados na Europa Ocidental e na Escandinávia; em vez de entrar em termos com a Alemanha, o Reino Unido rejeitou todas as propostas de paz e permaneceu em guerra.
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| dbo:abstract | Adlertag (Dia de l'Àliga) fou el primer dia de la Unternehmen Adlerangriff (operació Àliga Ataca), el nom en clau d'una operació de la Luftwaffe alemanya per destruir la Royal Air Force britànica. Pel juny de 1940, els Aliats havien estat derrotats a l'Europa Occidental i Escandinàvia. En lloc d'arribar a un acord amb Alemanya, els britànics rebutjaren totes les propostes d'una pau negociada. Hitler donà a la Wehrmacht la Directiva N.16, que ordenava la preparació per l'atac aeri i pacificació del Regne Unit. La invasió militar de la Gran Bretanya rebé el nom en codi d'operació Lleó Marí (Unternehmen Seelöwe). Abans que es pogués portar a terme, es requeria assolir la superioritat aèria: calia que la Luftwaffe destruís la RAF per tal d'evitar que ataqués la flota d'invasió o oferís protecció a la Home Fleet de la Royal Navy, que podria intentar evitar el desembarcament. Hitler ordenà al comandant en cap de la Luftwaffe, el Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring i al (Alt Comandament de la Luftwaffe) que preparés l'assalt. L'objectiu essencial era el Comandament de Caces de la RAF. La seva destrucció negaria la superioritat aèria als britànics. Durant juliol i inicis d'agost, els alemanys realitzaren preparatius per l'Adlertag. La data de l'assalt es retardà en diverses ocasions a causa del mal temps. Finalment, l'atac es llançà el 13 d'agost de 1940. Els atacs causaren danys significatius a terra però, cega a causa d'un pobre servei d'intel·ligència i comunicació, no causaren una impressió significativa sobre la capacitat del Comandament de Caces per defensar l'espai aeri britànic. Göring prometé a Hitler que l'Adlertag i l'Adlerangriff assoliria els resultats requerits en pocs dies o, en el pitjor dels casos, en setmanes. Havia de ser l'inici del final del Comandament de Caces de la RAF, però Adlertag i la resta d'operacions que la seguiren fracassaren en la destrucció de la RAF. Els combats resultants es coneixerien com la batalla d'Anglaterra. Durant el curs de la campanya, la Luftwaffe no aconseguí la superioritat aèria sobre la RAF; i com a conseqüència l'operació Lleó Marí fou cancel·lada. (ca) Adlertag ("Eagle Day") was the first day of Unternehmen Adlerangriff ("Operation Eagle Attack"), which was the codename of a military operation by Nazi Germany's Luftwaffe (German air force) to destroy the British Royal Air Force (RAF). By June 1940, the Allies had been defeated in Western Europe and Scandinavia. Rather than come to terms with Germany, Britain rejected all overtures for a negotiated peace. During the Battle of Britain, Hitler gave the German armed forces (Wehrmacht) a directive (Directive No. 16) that ordered provisional preparations for invasion of Britain. This operation was codenamed Operation Sea Lion (Unternehmen Seelöwe). Before this could be carried out, air superiority or air supremacy was required. The Luftwaffe was to destroy the RAF in order to prevent it from attacking the invasion fleet or providing protection for the Royal Navy's Home Fleet, which might attempt to prevent a landing by sea. On 1 August Hitler gave the Luftwaffe's commander-in-chief, Reichsmarschall (Empire Marshal) Hermann Göring and the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (High Command of the Air Force) a directive (Directive No. 17) to launch the air assault. The essential target was RAF Fighter Command. The service's destruction would deny the British their air superiority asset. Throughout July and early August, the Germans made preparations for Adlertag. The date of the assault was postponed several times because of bad weather. Eventually, it was carried out on 13 August 1940. The German attacks on 13 August inflicted significant damage and casualties on the ground, but, marred by poor intelligence and communication, they did not make a significant impression on Fighter Command's ability to defend British air space. Göring had promised Hitler that Adlertag and Adlerangriff would achieve the results required within days, or at worst weeks. It was meant to be the beginning of the end of RAF Fighter Command, but Adlertag and the following operations failed to destroy the RAF, or gain the necessary local air superiority. As a result, Operation Sea Lion was postponed indefinitely. (en) L'Adlertag (« Jour de l'Aigle ») désigne le premier jour de l'Unternehmen Adlerangriff (« Opération Attaque de l'Aigle »), qui était le nom de code de l'opération aérienne allemande engagée par la Luftwaffe (Force aérienne allemande) pour détruire la Royal Air Force (RAF) britannique. En juin 1940, les alliés avaient été battus en Europe occidentale et en Scandinavie. Malgré tout, la Grande-Bretagne avait repoussé toutes les offres pour une paix négociée. Hitler avait donné à la Wehrmacht une directive (Directive No. 16) qui ordonnait la préparation d'une attaque aérienne du Royaume-Uni. L'invasion du Royaume-Uni portait le nom de code Unternehmen Seelöwe (Opération Seelöwe = opération Lion de Mer). Précédant cette invasion, la maîtrise de l'air était nécessaire avant le déclenchement des opérations par mer et sur terre. La Luftwaffe devait détruire la RAF en vue de l'empêcher d'attaquer la flotte de débarquement ou de fournir une protection à la flotte de la Royal Navy qui pouvait s'opposer au débarquement. Hitler avait ordonné au commandant en chef de la Luftwaffe, le Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring et à l'état-major de la Luftwaffe de préparer cet assaut. La cible principale était le RAF Fighter Command, c'est-à-dire la chasse britannique. Au cours du mois de juillet et du début d'août, les Allemands se sont préparés pour le Adlertag. La date de l'assaut a été repoussée plusieurs fois à cause du mauvais temps. Finalement, elle a été fixée au 13 août 1940. Les attaques allemandes du 13 août ont provoqué des dégâts importants et des victimes au sol mais, elles n'ont pas entamé la capacité du Fighter Command à défendre l'espace aérien britannique. Göring avait promis à Hitler que le Adlertag (jour de l'Aigle) et le Adlerangriff (attaque de l'Aigle) obtiendraient les résultats recherchés en quelques jours, tout au plus quelques semaines. Ils devaient marquer le début du déclin du RAF Fighter Command mais l'Adlertag, et les opérations qui ont suivi, ont échoué à détruire la RAF. Les combats engagés au cours de l'Adlertag et des jours suivants portent le nom de Bataille d'Angleterre. Au fur et à mesure de cette campagne, la Luftwaffe a dû renoncer à obtenir la supériorité aérienne vis-à-vis de la RAF. Finalement, l'Opération Seelöwe a été annulée. (fr) L'Adlertag (tradotto dal tedesco in "Giorno dell'Aquila"; in inglese: "Eagle Day") fu il primo giorno dell'Unternehmen Adlerangriff ("Operazione Attacco dell'Aquila"), nome in codice dato dall'Aviazione tedesca all'operazione militare il cui scopo era distruggere la controparte britannica. La distruzione della Royal Air Force da parte della Luftwaffe era necessaria affinché le unità navali tedesche potessero attraversare il Canale della Manica senza opposizione aerea e affinché la Home Fleet, che avrebbe potuto opporsi all'invasione dal mare fosse priva di protezione dal cielo. Adolf Hitler ordinò quindi al Comandante in Capo della Luftwaffe, il Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring, e all'Oberkommando der Luftwaffe di preparare l'operazione. L'obiettivo principale era la distruzione del Fighter Command per cui, per tutto luglio e i primi di agosto, i tedeschi fecero i preparativi. La data dell'assalto fu posticipata diverse volte per il brutto tempo e infine fu decisa per il 13 agosto 1940. (it) Adler (niem. Orzeł) – planowana ofensywa Luftwaffe na Wielką Brytanię. Rozkaz rozpoczęcia wojny powietrznej nad Brytanią został wydany przez Hermanna Göringa 2 sierpnia 1940 na podstawie dyrektywy Adolfa Hitlera z 1 sierpnia. Siły Luftwaffe wynosiły 2630 samolotów. Samoloty Luftwaffe zostały zgrupowane w trzy floty: * 2. Flota (marsz. Albert Kesselring) – działać miała nad południowo-wschodnią Anglią i Londynem * 3. Flota (marsz. Hugo Sperrle) – bombardowanie celów nad zachodnią Anglią * 5. Flota (gen. Hans-Jürgen Stumpff) – bombardowanie Szkocji Planowany czas działań bojowych, mających trwać do kapitulacji Wielkiej Brytanii, zakładano na cztery tygodnie, a zniszczenie RAF-u miało trwać cztery dni. (pl) Adlertag ("Dia da Águia") foi o primeiro dia da Unternehmen Adlerangriff ("Operação Ataque da Águia"), o nome de código da operação militar da Força Aérea da Alemanha Nazi, a Luftwaffe, para subjugar e destruir a Real Força Aérea (RAF). Em Junho de 1940 os aliados haviam sido derrotados na Europa Ocidental e na Escandinávia; em vez de entrar em termos com a Alemanha, o Reino Unido rejeitou todas as propostas de paz e permaneceu em guerra. (pt) |
| dbo:causalties | 1 fighter (ground) 11 bombers (air) 13 fighters (air) 24 aircrew killed 3fighter pilots killed 47 miscellaneous aircraft (ground) 9 captured Fighter Command: Other: RAF Bomber Command: c. 25 civilians killed |
| dbo:commander | dbr:Hugh_Dowding dbr:Hugo_Sperrle dbr:Joseph_Schmid dbr:Albert_Kesselring dbr:Hermann_Göring dbr:Keith_Park dbr:Charles_Portal |
| dbo:date | 1940-08-13 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:isPartOfMilitaryConflict | dbr:Western_Front_(World_War_II) |
| dbo:place | dbr:England dbr:English_Channel |
| dbo:result | British victory |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/British_and_German_aircraft_a_dog_fight.jpg?width=300 |
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| dbp:align | center (en) |
| dbp:alt | 50.0 (dbd:second) A picture of a piece of sky with several clouds and many condensation trails caused by many aircraft. Each trail curves around the other indicated an air battleItalic text (en) Portrait of Hugo Sperrle, a uniformed Nazi German air force general in his 50, commanding Luftflotte 3 (en) |
| dbp:caption | Albert Kesselring commanded Luftflotte 2. (en) An air battle, 1940 (en) Hugo Sperrle, commanded Luftflotte 3. (en) |
| dbp:casualties | 1 (xsd:integer) 3 (xsd:integer) 9 (xsd:integer) 11 (xsd:integer) 13 (xsd:integer) 23 (xsd:integer) 24 (xsd:integer) 39 (xsd:integer) 44 (xsd:integer) 47 (xsd:integer) dbr:RAF_Bomber_Command dbr:Fighter_Command Other: (en) at least 45 missing (en) c. 25 civilians killed (en) circa 200 killed or captured including: (en) |
| dbp:commander | dbr:Hugh_Dowding dbr:Hugo_Sperrle dbr:Joseph_Schmid dbr:Albert_Kesselring dbr:Hermann_Göring dbr:Keith_Park dbr:Charles_Portal |
| dbp:conflict | Adlertag (en) |
| dbp:date | 1940-08-13 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:height | 230 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:image | Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R93434, Albert Kesselring.jpg (en) Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1987-121-30A, Hugo Sperrle.jpg (en) |
| dbp:imageSize | 300 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:partof | the Western Front of World War II (en) |
| dbp:place | England and English Channel (en) |
| dbp:portal | Aviation (en) Military of Germany (en) United Kingdom (en) World War II (en) |
| dbp:result | British victory (en) |
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| gold:hypernym | dbr:Day |
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| rdfs:comment | Adlertag ("Dia da Águia") foi o primeiro dia da Unternehmen Adlerangriff ("Operação Ataque da Águia"), o nome de código da operação militar da Força Aérea da Alemanha Nazi, a Luftwaffe, para subjugar e destruir a Real Força Aérea (RAF). Em Junho de 1940 os aliados haviam sido derrotados na Europa Ocidental e na Escandinávia; em vez de entrar em termos com a Alemanha, o Reino Unido rejeitou todas as propostas de paz e permaneceu em guerra. (pt) Adlertag (Dia de l'Àliga) fou el primer dia de la Unternehmen Adlerangriff (operació Àliga Ataca), el nom en clau d'una operació de la Luftwaffe alemanya per destruir la Royal Air Force britànica. Pel juny de 1940, els Aliats havien estat derrotats a l'Europa Occidental i Escandinàvia. En lloc d'arribar a un acord amb Alemanya, els britànics rebutjaren totes les propostes d'una pau negociada. (ca) Adlertag ("Eagle Day") was the first day of Unternehmen Adlerangriff ("Operation Eagle Attack"), which was the codename of a military operation by Nazi Germany's Luftwaffe (German air force) to destroy the British Royal Air Force (RAF). By June 1940, the Allies had been defeated in Western Europe and Scandinavia. Rather than come to terms with Germany, Britain rejected all overtures for a negotiated peace. (en) L'Adlertag (« Jour de l'Aigle ») désigne le premier jour de l'Unternehmen Adlerangriff (« Opération Attaque de l'Aigle »), qui était le nom de code de l'opération aérienne allemande engagée par la Luftwaffe (Force aérienne allemande) pour détruire la Royal Air Force (RAF) britannique. En juin 1940, les alliés avaient été battus en Europe occidentale et en Scandinavie. Malgré tout, la Grande-Bretagne avait repoussé toutes les offres pour une paix négociée. (fr) L'Adlertag (tradotto dal tedesco in "Giorno dell'Aquila"; in inglese: "Eagle Day") fu il primo giorno dell'Unternehmen Adlerangriff ("Operazione Attacco dell'Aquila"), nome in codice dato dall'Aviazione tedesca all'operazione militare il cui scopo era distruggere la controparte britannica. L'obiettivo principale era la distruzione del Fighter Command per cui, per tutto luglio e i primi di agosto, i tedeschi fecero i preparativi. La data dell'assalto fu posticipata diverse volte per il brutto tempo e infine fu decisa per il 13 agosto 1940. (it) Adler (niem. Orzeł) – planowana ofensywa Luftwaffe na Wielką Brytanię. Rozkaz rozpoczęcia wojny powietrznej nad Brytanią został wydany przez Hermanna Göringa 2 sierpnia 1940 na podstawie dyrektywy Adolfa Hitlera z 1 sierpnia. Siły Luftwaffe wynosiły 2630 samolotów. Samoloty Luftwaffe zostały zgrupowane w trzy floty: * 2. Flota (marsz. Albert Kesselring) – działać miała nad południowo-wschodnią Anglią i Londynem * 3. Flota (marsz. Hugo Sperrle) – bombardowanie celów nad zachodnią Anglią * 5. Flota (gen. Hans-Jürgen Stumpff) – bombardowanie Szkocji (pl) |
| rdfs:label | Adlertag (en) Adlertag (ca) Adlertag (fr) Adlertag (it) Adler (II wojna światowa) (pl) Adlertag (pt) |
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| foaf:name | Adlertag (en) |
| is dbo:battle of | dbr:John_Dundas_(RAF_officer) dbr:Douglas_Bader |
| is dbo:wikiPageDisambiguates of | dbr:Adler |
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