Economy of Egypt (original) (raw)
Charakteristickým rysem současné egyptské ekonomiky je přechod od státního plánovitého hospodářství k tržnímu hospodářství. Musí se vypořádávat s každoročním značným nárůstem práceschopného obyvatelstva. Egyptská ekonomika je založena hlavně na těžbě ropy a příjmů z provozu Suezského průplavu.
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| dbo:abstract | Ocupant el nord-est d'Àfrica, l'Egipte és seccionat en dos per la fèrtil vall del Nil. La seva economia era molt centralitzada durant el període del president Gamal Abdel Nasser, però es va obrir durant els governs dels presidents Anwar Sadat i Hosni Mubarak. El govern va implantar agressives reformes entre el 2004 i el 2008 amb la intenció d'atreure la inversió estrangera i estimular el creixement, que va ser superior al 7% a l'any el 2007 i el 2008. No obstant això, el 2009 el creixement va caure per 4,7, com a resultat de la crisi financera global, que va afectar els sectors bolcats a l'exportació, especialment les manufactures i el turisme. La moneda del país és la lliura egípcia (EGP) amb taxa de canvi de 5,6 lliures per 1 US$ el 4 de maig de 2009. (ca) Charakteristickým rysem současné egyptské ekonomiky je přechod od státního plánovitého hospodářství k tržnímu hospodářství. Musí se vypořádávat s každoročním značným nárůstem práceschopného obyvatelstva. Egyptská ekonomika je založena hlavně na těžbě ropy a příjmů z provozu Suezského průplavu. (cs) الاقتصاد المصري من أقدم اقتصاديات العالم حيث بدأ بالقطاع الزراعي والتبادل التجاري مع البلدان المجاورة. ومر بمراحل تطور وانحدار حتي بداية العصر الجمهوري وثورة يوليو 1952. بدأ جمال عبد الناصر في الإصلاح الاقتصادي وإنهاء الفترة الإقطاعية ومن هنا بدأ التطور الاقتصادي في مجالات عدة وكان حينها اقتصاد يتمتع بدرجة عالية من المركزية. إنفتح الاقتصاد المصري بشكل كبير تحت حكم الرئيسين السابقين أنور السادات وحسني مبارك. في الفترة من عام 2004 إلى عام 2008 زادت وتيرة الإصلاحات الاقتصادية سعياً لجذب الاستثمارات الأجنبية وتسهيل نمو الناتج المحلي الإجمالي. على الرغم من المستويات العالية نسبيًا للنمو الاقتصادي في السنوات الأخيرة، ظلت الظروف المعيشية للفقراء وعامة المواطنين في تدهور وأكثر سوأ، وقد ساهم ذلك في استياء الرأي العام. بعد حدوث اضطرابات إندلعت في يناير 2011، تراجعت الحكومة المصرية عن الإصلاحات الاقتصادية، وزاد الإنفاق الحكومي الاجتماعي بشكل كبير لمعالجة هذه الاضطرابات، ولكن حالة عدم الاستقرار السياسي أدت إلى نمو اقتصادي ببطئ ملحوظ في القطاعات الاقتصادية، وتقليص في الإيرادات الحكومية. وكانت السياحة، والصناعة التحويلية، والبناء من بين القطاعات الأكثر تضررا في الاقتصاد المصري. من المرجح أن يظل النمو الأقتصادي بطيئا خلال السنوات القليلة القادمة. واسترعت الحكومة انخفاض احتياطيات النقد الأجنبي لأكثر من 50٪ في عامي 2011 و2012 إلى دعم الجنية المصري، وعدم توفر المساعدات المالية الخارجية، نتيجة لفشل المفاوضات مع صندوق النقد الدولي بشأن قرض بـ4.8 مايار دولار التي لها استمرت أكثر من 20 شهرا. قد يعجل الأزمات المالية وميزان المدفوعات في عام 2013 ويبلغ الناتج المحلي الاجمالي المصري 254 مليار دولار لعام 2015 والاقتصاد المصري عانى كثيرا في عام 2016 بسبب انخفاض عوائد السياحة بسبب تحطم الطائرة الروسية مما دفع البنك المركزي لتعويم الجنيه حيث انخفض مباشرة من 8.8جنيه إلى 13 جنيه وادت إلى تلقي سيولة دولارية للبنوك حيث تخلى 13.5مليار من الدولارات حتى فبراير عام 2017 وايضا قامت الحكومة المصرية بطلب قرض 12 مليار دولار من صندوق النقد الدولي في عام 2016 لثلاث سنوات وحصلت مصر على شريحة اولى بقيمة 2.750مليار دولار ووصلت الديون الخارجية الحكومية الحالية ب55.7مليار دولار بعد ان كانت 34 مليار دولار قبل ثورة يناير واستطاعت مصر جذب 6.5مليار دولار كاستثمارات اجنبية في عام 2016 وتتوقع وزيرة الاستثمار الحالية جذب 10 مليارات دولار عام 2017م (ar) The economy of Egypt used to be a highly centralized economy, focused on import substitution under president Gamal Abdel Nasser (1954–1970). During the rule of president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi (2014–present), the economy follows Egypt's 2030 Vision. The policy is aimed at diversifying Egypt's economy. The country's economy is the second largest in Africa after Nigeria regarding nominal GDP, and 33rd in worldwide ranking as of 2022. Since the 2000s, the pace of structural reforms (including fiscal and monetary policies, taxation, privatization and new business legislation) helped Egypt move towards a more market-oriented economy and prompted increased foreign investment. The reforms and policies have strengthened macroeconomic annual growth results. As Egypt's economy healed, other prominent issues like unemployment and poverty began to decline significantly.The country benefits from political stability; its proximity to Europe, and increased exports. It also enjoys a strong currency. From an investor perspective, Egypt is stable and well-supported by external stakeholders. (en) Ocupando el noreste de África, Egipto es seccionado por el fértil valle del río Nilo. Su economía era muy centralizada durante el periodo del presidente Gamal Abdel Nasser, pero se abrió durante los gobiernos de los presidentes Anwar Sadat y Hosni Mubarak. El gobierno implantó agresivas reformas para atraer la inversión extranjera y estimular el crecimiento, que fue superior al 7 % al año el 2007 y el 2008. Sin embargo, el 2009 el crecimiento cayó al 4,7 %, como resultado de la crisis financiera global, que afectó los sectores volcados a la exportación, especialmente las manufacturas y el turismo. Hoy, la economía de Egipto es la segunda de África, según datos del Banco Africano de Desarrollo. (es) L'Égypte est en 2017 la 1re puissance économique du continent africain en matière de PIB PPA et la 3e si l'on prend le PIB nominal, juste derrière l'Afrique du Sud et le Nigeria. Étant donné le climat désertique du pays, la plupart de l'activité humaine et économique se retrouve concentrée le long du Nil. L'Égypte dispose d'une économie diversifiée, à la différence de nombreux pays africains. Ainsi, en 2015, 16 % du PIB était dû aux secteurs manufacturiers, 12 % aux secteurs extractifs (à comprendre l'exploitation de ressources naturelles comme le pétrole), 13 % au commerce de gros et de détail, etc. Le gouvernement a entrepris depuis 40 ans des réformes afin de réduire la forte centralisation héritée du président Gamal Abdel Nasser. La politique de réformes et d’ouverture économique entreprise par l’Égypte entre 2006 et 2008 a permis des taux records de croissance élevés à 7 % l'an, et cela aurait probablement pu continuer sur une plus longue période s'il n'y avait pas eu la crise des subprimes. Malgré tout, une grande partie de la population (40%) est restée sous le seuil de pauvreté, ce qui a entraîné une situation politique et civile instable et une révolution. (fr) 이집트의 경제는 가말 압델 나세르 대통령(1954년~1970년) 하에서 수입 대체에 초점을 맞춘 고도로 중앙 집중화된 경제였다. 압둘팟타흐 시시 대통령 집권 기간(2014년~현재) 이집트 경제 다변화를 목표로 한 2030 비전에 이어 아프리카에서 명목 GDP 기준으로 나이지리아에 이어 2위, 2021년 기준 세계 랭킹 34위에 올랐다. 2000년대 이후, 재정, 통화 정책, 조세, 민영화, 새로운 사업 입법을 포함한 구조 개혁의 속도는 이집트가 보다 시장 지향적인 경제로 나아가는 데 도움을 주었고 외국인 투자를 증가시켰다. 개혁과 정책은 거시경제 연간 성장률을 강화했다. 이집트 경제가 회복됨에 따라 실업과 빈곤과 같은 다른 쟁점들이 현저하게 감소하기 시작했다. 이 나라는 정치적 안정과 유럽과의 근접성, 수출 증가, 통화 강세의 혜택을 받고 있다. 투자자의 관점에서 이집트는 안정적이고 외부 이해관계자들의 지지가 좋다. (ko) A economia do Egito tinha em 2012 um PIB de mais quinhentos bilhões de dólares, segundo o método PPC. O Egito passou de uma economia não capitalista para uma situação em que tem quatro principais fontes econômicas, em primeiro lugar vem o turismo, que tem como atrações as pirâmides, e o litoral do Mar Mediterrâneo. Em segundo lugar vem a extração e a exportação de petróleo, que gera emprego e lucros para o governo. Em seguida vem os impostos e as taxas alfandegárias que são cobradas sobre os navios que passam pelo canal de Suez, e em último vem as ajudas que são arremetidas por egípcios que vão para outros países e mandam dinheiro para suas famílias. (pt) Египет — наиболее развитая в экономическом отношении страна в Северной Африке. (ru) Єгипет — аграрно-індустріальна країна. (uk) |
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| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://www.marketwired.com/press-release/orascom-construction-industries-sae-announces-oci-invests-in-dprk-cement-lse-orsd-751320.htm%7Carchive-url=https:/web.archive.org/web/20180704204545/https:/www.marketwired.com/press-release/orascom-construction-industries-sae-announces-oci-invests-in-dprk-cement-lse-orsd-751320.htm%7Curl-status=dead%7Carchive-date=2018-07-04%7Cpublisher=Orascom http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/2008/CAR021308A.htm http://lebanese-economy-forum.com/world-facts/show/eg-economy/ http://www.transparency.org/ http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/EGY/Year/2012/Summary |
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| dbp:balance | −US$17.006 billion (en) |
| dbp:caption | Cairo, the financial center of Egypt (en) |
| dbp:cianame | egypt (en) |
| dbp:components | (en) Exports of goods and services: 16.3% (en) Government consumption: 10.1% (en) Household consumption: 86.8% (en) Imports of goods and services: −28.5% (en) Investment in fixed capital: 14.8% (en) Investment in inventories: 0.5% (en) |
| dbp:country | Egypt (en) |
| dbp:credit | dbr:Moody's_Investors_Service dbr:Standard_&_Poor's dbr:Fitch_Group (en) B (en) B+ (en) B2 (en) Outlook: Stable (en) Outlook: Stable ---- (en) |
| dbp:currency | dbr:Egyptian_pound |
| dbp:date | August 2015 (en) |
| dbp:debt | 89.153000 (xsd:double) |
| dbp:edbr | 114 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:expenses | 1.17E11 (dbd:usDollar) |
| dbp:exportGoods | crude oil and petroleum products, cotton, textiles, metal products, chemicals, agricultural goods (en) |
| dbp:exportPartners | (en) 2.1E9 (dbd:usDollar) 2.2E9 (dbd:usDollar) 1.7E9 (dbd:usDollar) |
| dbp:exports | 3.36E10 (dbd:usDollar) 4.52E10 (dbd:usDollar) |
| dbp:fdi | -3.600000 (xsd:double) (en) 1.32477E11 (dbd:usDollar) Abroad: US$5.852 billion (en) |
| dbp:gdp | (en) 1.662E12 (dbd:usDollar) 4.69094E11 (dbd:usDollar) |
| dbp:gdpRank | 18 (xsd:integer) 33 (xsd:integer) (en) |
| dbp:gini | 31.500000 (xsd:double) |
| dbp:grossExternalDebt | 1.58E11 (dbd:usDollar) |
| dbp:group | dbr:Developing_country (en) Lower-middle income economy (en) |
| dbp:growth | (en) 3.282 (dbd:perCent) 3.485 (dbd:perCent) 5.499 (dbd:perCent) 6.605 (dbd:perCent) |
| dbp:hdi | 0.707000 (xsd:double) 0.731000 (xsd:double) (en) |
| dbp:imageSize | 450 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:importGoods | machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, wood products, fuels, military equipment (en) |
| dbp:importPartners | (en) 5.0E9 (dbd:usDollar) 1.17E10 (dbd:usDollar) 5.7E9 (dbd:usDollar) 4.22E9 (dbd:usDollar) |
| dbp:imports | 7.64E10 (dbd:usDollar) 7.72E10 (dbd:usDollar) |
| dbp:industries | textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, hydrocarbons, construction, cement, metals, light manufactures (en) |
| dbp:inflation | (en) 5.7 (dbd:perCent) 13.875 (dbd:perCent) 4.502 (dbd:perCent) 8.496 (dbd:perCent) |
| dbp:labor | 41.900000 (xsd:double) 29300000 (xsd:integer) (en) |
| dbp:occupations | (en) Agriculture: 25.8% (en) Industry: 25.1% (en) Services: 49.1% (en) |
| dbp:organs | WTO, AU , AfCFTA, CAEU and COMESA (en) |
| dbp:perCapita | (en) 15958.549 (dbd:usDollar) 4504.369 (dbd:usDollar) |
| dbp:perCapitaRank | 93 (xsd:integer) 143 (xsd:integer) (en) |
| dbp:population | 104142000 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:poverty | 2.500000 (xsd:double) 4.500000 (xsd:double) 5 (xsd:integer) 29.700000 (xsd:double) (en) |
| dbp:presentus$asdefault | yes (en) |
| dbp:reason | Units? Presumably metric tons. (en) |
| dbp:reserves | 3.55E10 (dbd:usDollar) |
| dbp:revenue | 8.7E10 (dbd:usDollar) |
| dbp:sectors | (en) Agriculture: 11.7% (en) Industry: 34.3% (en) Services: 54% (en) |
| dbp:spelling | Egypt (en) |
| dbp:unemployment | 5 (xsd:integer) 2211000 (xsd:integer) (en) 7.2 (dbd:perCent) |
| dbp:usebelowbox | yes (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Charakteristickým rysem současné egyptské ekonomiky je přechod od státního plánovitého hospodářství k tržnímu hospodářství. Musí se vypořádávat s každoročním značným nárůstem práceschopného obyvatelstva. Egyptská ekonomika je založena hlavně na těžbě ropy a příjmů z provozu Suezského průplavu. (cs) 이집트의 경제는 가말 압델 나세르 대통령(1954년~1970년) 하에서 수입 대체에 초점을 맞춘 고도로 중앙 집중화된 경제였다. 압둘팟타흐 시시 대통령 집권 기간(2014년~현재) 이집트 경제 다변화를 목표로 한 2030 비전에 이어 아프리카에서 명목 GDP 기준으로 나이지리아에 이어 2위, 2021년 기준 세계 랭킹 34위에 올랐다. 2000년대 이후, 재정, 통화 정책, 조세, 민영화, 새로운 사업 입법을 포함한 구조 개혁의 속도는 이집트가 보다 시장 지향적인 경제로 나아가는 데 도움을 주었고 외국인 투자를 증가시켰다. 개혁과 정책은 거시경제 연간 성장률을 강화했다. 이집트 경제가 회복됨에 따라 실업과 빈곤과 같은 다른 쟁점들이 현저하게 감소하기 시작했다. 이 나라는 정치적 안정과 유럽과의 근접성, 수출 증가, 통화 강세의 혜택을 받고 있다. 투자자의 관점에서 이집트는 안정적이고 외부 이해관계자들의 지지가 좋다. (ko) A economia do Egito tinha em 2012 um PIB de mais quinhentos bilhões de dólares, segundo o método PPC. O Egito passou de uma economia não capitalista para uma situação em que tem quatro principais fontes econômicas, em primeiro lugar vem o turismo, que tem como atrações as pirâmides, e o litoral do Mar Mediterrâneo. Em segundo lugar vem a extração e a exportação de petróleo, que gera emprego e lucros para o governo. Em seguida vem os impostos e as taxas alfandegárias que são cobradas sobre os navios que passam pelo canal de Suez, e em último vem as ajudas que são arremetidas por egípcios que vão para outros países e mandam dinheiro para suas famílias. (pt) Египет — наиболее развитая в экономическом отношении страна в Северной Африке. (ru) Єгипет — аграрно-індустріальна країна. (uk) الاقتصاد المصري من أقدم اقتصاديات العالم حيث بدأ بالقطاع الزراعي والتبادل التجاري مع البلدان المجاورة. ومر بمراحل تطور وانحدار حتي بداية العصر الجمهوري وثورة يوليو 1952. بدأ جمال عبد الناصر في الإصلاح الاقتصادي وإنهاء الفترة الإقطاعية ومن هنا بدأ التطور الاقتصادي في مجالات عدة وكان حينها اقتصاد يتمتع بدرجة عالية من المركزية. (ar) Ocupant el nord-est d'Àfrica, l'Egipte és seccionat en dos per la fèrtil vall del Nil. La seva economia era molt centralitzada durant el període del president Gamal Abdel Nasser, però es va obrir durant els governs dels presidents Anwar Sadat i Hosni Mubarak. La moneda del país és la lliura egípcia (EGP) amb taxa de canvi de 5,6 lliures per 1 US$ el 4 de maig de 2009. (ca) The economy of Egypt used to be a highly centralized economy, focused on import substitution under president Gamal Abdel Nasser (1954–1970). During the rule of president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi (2014–present), the economy follows Egypt's 2030 Vision. The policy is aimed at diversifying Egypt's economy. The country's economy is the second largest in Africa after Nigeria regarding nominal GDP, and 33rd in worldwide ranking as of 2022. (en) Ocupando el noreste de África, Egipto es seccionado por el fértil valle del río Nilo. Su economía era muy centralizada durante el periodo del presidente Gamal Abdel Nasser, pero se abrió durante los gobiernos de los presidentes Anwar Sadat y Hosni Mubarak. (es) L'Égypte est en 2017 la 1re puissance économique du continent africain en matière de PIB PPA et la 3e si l'on prend le PIB nominal, juste derrière l'Afrique du Sud et le Nigeria. Étant donné le climat désertique du pays, la plupart de l'activité humaine et économique se retrouve concentrée le long du Nil. L'Égypte dispose d'une économie diversifiée, à la différence de nombreux pays africains. Ainsi, en 2015, 16 % du PIB était dû aux secteurs manufacturiers, 12 % aux secteurs extractifs (à comprendre l'exploitation de ressources naturelles comme le pétrole), 13 % au commerce de gros et de détail, etc. Le gouvernement a entrepris depuis 40 ans des réformes afin de réduire la forte centralisation héritée du président Gamal Abdel Nasser. (fr) |
| rdfs:label | Economy of Egypt (en) اقتصاد مصر (ar) Economia d'Egipte (ca) Ekonomika Egypta (cs) Wirtschaft Ägyptens (de) Economía de Egipto (es) Économie de l'Égypte (fr) 이집트의 경제 (ko) Economia do Egito (pt) Экономика Египта (ru) Економіка Єгипту (uk) |
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