List of states with limited recognition (original) (raw)
- هذه قائمة الدول ذات الاعتراف المحدود والتي تسعى للحصول على اعتراف دولي وليس لديها علاقات دبلوماسية كاملة مع المجتمع الدولي. هذا في الغالب ينقسم إلى فئتين. أولا، هناك كيانات لها سيطرة كاملة أو جزئية على ما ادعوا أنها أراضيها الفعلية. لديها حكم ذاتي وأعلنت الرغبة في الاستقلال الكامل: في أغلب الأحيان، فإن وجود هذه الكيانات حسب وجهة نظر المجتمع الدولي هي نتيجة لانتهاك المادة 11 من اتفاقية مونتيفيديو.، وبشكل أعم، في المادة 2.4 من ميثاق الأمم المتحدة في الوقت الحاضر الذي يتوافق مع القانون الدولي العرفي. (ar)
- Seznam obsahuje všechny státy s nejasným mezinárodním statusem. Zahrnuje všechny od členských států OSN, které jsou v podstatě plně nezávislé i uznané, ale jeden nebo více států je neuznávají nebo si činí nároky na jejich území, až po státy neuznané nikým, které de iure patří k jiným státům, jako Somaliland. (cs)
- Diese Liste sammelt verschiedene geopolitische Einheiten, die nicht allgemein als selbstständige Staaten anerkannt werden. Nicht aufgelistet werden sogenannte Mikronationen, die meist von einer sehr kleinen Gruppe von Menschen (meistens 2–15 Personen) gegründet werden. Die meisten dieser Länder sind Teile einer Nation mit einer eigenen nationalen Identität, die sich von ihrem Mutterland abgespalten haben. Man bezeichnet sie daher als (englisch) „Break-away“-Staaten. Sie sind zwar nach der Drei-Elemente-Theorie Staaten, werden aber vom Großteil der etablierten Staaten nicht als solche anerkannt. Diese Länder werden im Deutschen als De-facto-Regime bezeichnet. Einige Territorien sind selbstverwaltete autonome Regionen oder Protektorate mit militärischem Schutz und informellen diplomatischen Auslandsvertretungen durch einen anderen Staat. (de)
- Ένας αριθμός γεωπολιτικών οντοτήτων έχουν ανακηρυχτεί σε κράτη και έχουν επιχειρήσει de jure αναγνώριση ως κυρίαρχα κράτη, με διαφορετικούς βαθμούς επιτυχίας. Στο παρελθόν, έχουν υπάρξει παρόμοιες οντότητες, και σήμερα υπάρχουν οντότητες που διεκδικούν ανεξαρτησία, συχνά ελέγχοντας de facto τα εδάφη που διεκδικούν, με αναγνώριση από εντελώς μηδέν, μέχρι πλήρη αναγνώριση από όλα τα κράτη. Υπάρχουν δύο παραδοσιακά δόγματα που παρέχουν κριτήρια για το πότε ένα de jure κυρίαρχο κράτος θα πρέπει να αναγνωρίζεται ως μέλος της διεθνούς κοινότητας. Η θεωρία της ανακήρυξης (declarative theory) ορίζει ένα κράτος ως πρόσωπο του διεθνούς δικαίου αν πληροί τα παρακάτω κριτήρια: 1. προσδιορισμένη επικράτεια 2. μόνιμο πληθυσμό 3. κυβέρνηση 4. δυνατότητα να συνάψει σχέσεις με άλλα κράτη. Σύμφωνα με αυτήν τη θεωρία, η κρατική οντότητα είναι ανεξάρτητη από την αναγνώριση από τα άλλα κράτη. Σε αντίθεση, η θεωρία της σύστασης (constitutive theory) ορίζει ένα κράτος ως μέλος της διεθνούς κοινότητας αν αναγνωρίζεται ως τέτοιο από ένα άλλο κράτος που είναι ήδη μέλος της διεθνούς κοινότητας. Αρκετές οντότητες επικαλούνται κάποια από ή και τις δύο θεωρίες για να νομιμοποιήσουν τη διεκδίκησή τους ως κράτη. Υπάρχουν για παράδειγμα οντότητες που έχουν τα κριτήρια της θεωρίας της ανακήρυξης (με de facto πλήρη ή μερικό έλεγχο της περιοχής που διεκδικούν, κυβέρνηση και μόνιμο πληθυσμό), αλλά δεν έχουν αναγνωριστεί από κάποιο ή περισσότερα κράτη. Η μη αναγνώριση είναι συχνά αποτέλεσμα διαμάχης με άλλες χώρες, οι οποίες διεκδικούν τις οντότητες που θέλουν να γίνουν κράτος ως αναπόσπαστο μέρος της δικής τους επικράτειας. Σε άλλες περιπτώσεις, δύο ή περισσότερες μερικώς αναγνωρισμένες οντότητες μπορεί να διεκδικούν την ίδια εδαφική περιοχή, με την κάθε μία από αυτές να έχει τον de facto έλεγχο ενός μέρους από αυτήν την περιοχή (όπως οι περιπτώσεις της Ταϊβάν και της Κίνας, και της Βόρειας και Νότιας Κορέας). Οντότητες που αναγνωρίζονται ως κράτη από μόνο κάποια κράτη, συνήθως επικαλούνται τη θεωρία της ανακήρυξης για να νομιμοποιήσουν τη διεκδίκησή τους. Σε πολλές περιπτώσεις, η μη διεθνής αναγνώριση επηρεάζεται από την παρουσία ξένων στρατευμάτων στην περιοχή του επίδοξου κράτους, έτσι ώστε να κάνει προβληματική την de facto περιγραφή του στάτους. Η διεθνής κοινότητα μπορεί να κρίνει ότι αυτή η στρατιωτική παρουσία περιορίζει την οντότητα σε κράτος-«μαριονέτα», με τον πραγματικό έλεγχο της κυριαρχίας να είναι στα χέρια της ξένης δύναμης. Ιστορικά παραδείγματα αυτής της περίπτωσης είναι το «Κράτος της Μαντζουρίας», κράτος-«μαριονέτα» της Ιαπωνίας, ή τα δημιουργημένα από τη Γερμανία κράτη της Σλοβακικής Δημοκρατίας (1939-1945), και του Ανεξάρτητου Κράτους της Κροατίας. Επίσης, το 1996, στην υπόθεση Λοϊζίδου εναντίον Τουρκίας, το Ευρωπαϊκό Δικαστήριο Ανθρωπίνων Δικαιωμάτων έκρινε ότι η Τουρκία έχει ασκήσει εξουσία στην περιοχή της Βόρειας Κύπρου. Υπάρχουν επίσης οντότητες οι οποίες δεν ελέγχουν καμία επικράτεια ούτε πληρούν αναμφισβήτητα τα κριτήρια της θεωρίας της ανακήρυξης, αλλά έχουν αναγνωριστεί de jure σαν κυρίαρχες οντότητες από τουλάχιστον ένα κράτος. Ιστορικά παραδείγματα αυτού είναι η περίπτωση της Αγίας Έδρας για την περίοδο 1870–1929, και της Εσθονίας, Λετονίας και Λιθουανίας κατά την περίοδο της Σοβιετικής προσάρτησης. (el)
- A number of polities have declared independence and sought diplomatic recognition from the international community as sovereign states, but have not been universally recognised as such. These entities often have de facto control of their territory. A number of such entities have existed in the past. There are two traditional theories used to indicate how a sovereign state comes into being. The declarative theory (codified in the 1933 Montevideo Convention) defines a state as a person in international law if it meets the following criteria: 1. * a defined territory 2. * a permanent population 3. * a government, and 4. * a capacity to enter into relations with other states. According to the declarative theory, an entity's statehood is independent of its recognition by other states. By contrast, the constitutive theory defines a state as a person of international law only if it is recognised as such by other states that are already a member of the international community. Quasi-states often reference either or both doctrines in order to legitimise their claims to statehood. There are, for example, entities which meet the declarative criteria (with de facto partial or complete control over their claimed territory, a government and a permanent population), but whose statehood is not recognised by any other states. Non-recognition is often a result of conflicts with other countries that claim those entities as integral parts of their territory. In other cases, two or more partially recognised states may claim the same territorial area, with each of them de facto in control of a portion of it (as have been the cases of the Republic of China (ROC; commonly called "Taiwan") and the People's Republic of China (PRC), and North and South Korea). Entities that are recognised by only a minority of the world's states usually reference the declarative doctrine to legitimise their claims. In many situations, international non-recognition is influenced by the presence of a foreign military force in the territory of the contested entity, making the description of the country's de facto status problematic. The international community can judge this military presence too intrusive, reducing the entity to a puppet state where effective sovereignty is retained by the foreign power. Historical cases in this sense can be seen in Japanese-led Manchukuo or the German-created Slovak Republic and Independent State of Croatia before and during World War II. In the 1996 case Loizidou v. Turkey, the European Court of Human Rights judged Turkey for having exercised authority in the territory of Northern Cyprus. There are also entities which do not have control over any territory or do not unequivocally meet the declarative criteria for statehood but have been recognised to exist as sovereign entities by at least one other state. Historically this has happened in the case of the Holy See (1870–1929), Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania (during Soviet annexation), and the State of Palestine at the time of its declaration of independence in 1988. The Sovereign Military Order of Malta is currently in this position. See list of governments in exile for unrecognised governments without control over the territory claimed. (en)
- Daftar negara dengan pengakuan terbatas memberikan suatu gambaran mengenai entitas geo-politik saat ini, yang ingin diakui sebagai negara berdaulat di bawah hukum internasional namun tidak atau belum mendapatkan pengakuan diplomatik dunia secara penuh. Entitas seperti ini secara umum terbagi ke dalam dua kategori. Pertama, entitas yang memiliki penguasaan penuh atau sebagian atas wilayah yang diklaimnya yang memerintah sendiri secara de facto dan telah menyatakan suatu keinginan untuk merdeka penuh. Kedua, entitas yang tidak memiliki penguasaan penuh atas wilayah yang diklaimnya, tetapi diakui memiliki klaim de jure atas wilayahnya oleh setidaknya satu negara lain yang diakui secara luas. Beberapa negara dalam daftar ini, seperti Siprus dan Republik Korea, diakui oleh mayoritas negara-negara lain dan merupakan anggota Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, tetapi dimasukkan ke dalam daftar ini karena sejumlah kecil negara lain menarik pengakuannya. Lihat daftar historis negara yang tidak diakui untuk entitas seperti ini yang ada pada masa lalu. Lihat daftar pemerintahan dalam pengasingan untuk pemerintahan yang tidak diakui dan tidak memilik penguasaan atas wilayah yang diklaimnya. Ada 192 negara anggota Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB). Tahta Suci diakui berdaulat menurut hukum internasional, tetapi tidak menjadi anggota PBB (berstatus sebagai negara pengamat). (in)
- Certaines entités territoriales contemporaines de fait souhaitent être reconnues de droit comme des États souverains, mais se heurtent au manque de la reconnaissance diplomatique internationale nécessaire pour être reconnues par les États existants et les organisations internationales interétatiques comme un nouvel État en droit international. Elles commencent donc leur existence en proclamant une déclaration unilatérale d'indépendance, qui reste à être reconnue par d'autres États. Dans la pratique, on trouve des listes d'États reconnus internationalement par le fait qu'ils sont membres d'organisations internationales inter-étatiques, universelles ou régionales et ont donc ratifié ou adhéré à leur traité constitutif, ou parce qu'ils ont ratifié des traités bilatéraux avec d'autres États : * par exemple, les États membres de l'ONU, qui ont ratifié ou adhéré à la Charte ; * des États non membres de l'ONU, reconnus par un ou plusieurs États membres de l'ONU ; * des États non membres de l'ONU, reconnus par un ou plusieurs autres États non membres de l'ONU ; * des États ni membres de l'ONU, ni reconnus par un autre État. Le présent article liste les quatre dernières catégories d’États. (fr)
- 本項目は国家承認を得た国際連合非加盟の国と地域の一覧(こっかしょうにんをえたこくさいれんごうひかめいのくにとちいきのいちらん)である。 (ja)
- Uno Stato a riconoscimento limitato è uno Stato de facto indipendente e sovrano, che controlla e governa effettivamente un territorio e una popolazione, ma la cui sovranità è riconosciuta a livello internazionale solo da alcuni degli altri Stati. Uno Stato a riconoscimento limitato può intrattenere formali relazioni diplomatiche con gli altri Stati, ma principalmente lo fa solo con quelli che lo riconoscono. (it)
- 이 목록은 언제든 바뀔 수 있는 주제로, 내용이 완벽하지 않을 수 있습니다. 만약 사실과 다른 내용이 있거나 빠진 내용이 있다면 직접 편집해 주세요. 미승인 국가(未承認國家)란 지정학적으로 실질적인 독립국가이나 기존의 국가에게 주권국가로 외교적 승인을 받지 못한 국가(정체)를 의미한다. 외교적 승인은 각국의 정치적 이해와 결부된 문제이기 때문에 미승인 국가로 여겨지는 나라들도 관점에 따라 달라질 수 있다. 따라서 외교적 승인을 상대적으로 적게 받은 나라들을 아래 목록에 나열하였다. (ko)
- Hieronder volgt een lijst van niet-unaniem erkende staten. De criteria voor opname zijn dat een overheid de soevereiniteit claimt, de erkenning van ten minste één VN-lidstaat mist en ofwel: * voldoen aan de declaratieve theorie van de soevereiniteit, of * worden erkend als een staat door ten minste één VN-lidstaat. Zie ook de vlaggen van staten met beperkte erkenning, de lijst van landen van de wereld en de lijst van historische landen. (nl)
- Denna lista över stater som saknar fullt internationellt erkännande är en översikt över nutida politiskt geografiska enheter vilka utropats som suveräna stater enligt Montevideokonventionen från 1933 eller i dess efterföljd, men som saknar fullt diplomatiskt erkännande. De listade staterna har utropat självständighet och har kontroll över sina territorier – eller om de saknar sådan kontroll har de erkänts av minst en annan i någon form internationellt erkänd stat. Listan räknar inte med stater som fortfarande befinner sig under bildande och där det ofta pågår aktiv krigföring mellan exempelvis en utbrytarstat och minst ett annat land. Förenta nationerna (FN) har 193 medlemsstater, varav ett fåtal saknar fullt internationellt erkännande. Vatikanstatens suveränitet erkänns allmänt, men den är inte medlem i FN. (sv)
- Непри́знанные и части́чно при́знанные госуда́рства (также используются другие названия, см. ), в самом широком определении — территориальные единицы, обладающие «широким набором» признаков суверенного государства (территория, постоянное население, собственная система управления, способность вступать в международные отношения), но не являющиеся членами Организации Объединённых Наций. Их территория, как правило, расценивается государствами — членами ООН как находящаяся под суверенитетом одного или нескольких государств — членов ООН; не признающими их государствами и/или международными организациями эти политии рассматриваются как сепаратистские образования, отколовшиеся регионы либо оккупированные территории. (ru)
- Esta lista de países com reconhecimento limitado dá uma visão geral das entidades geopolíticas contemporâneas que desejam ser reconhecidas como Estados soberanos sob a Convenção de Montevidéu, os quais não desfrutam reconhecimento diplomático no mundo todo. Estes, em sua maioria, caem em duas categorias. Primeiramente, estão as entidades com controle completo ou parcial sobre o território reivindicado os quais são de facto autogovernados e que declararam possuir um desejo por total independência. Em segundo lugar, estão as entidades que não possuem completo controle sobre o território reivindicado, mas foram reconhecidas como tendo uma reivindicação de jure àquele território por pelo menos uma nação reconhecida. Alguns países nesta lista, como Chipre e Israel, são reconhecidos pela grande maioria das nações e são membros das Nações Unidas, mas aparecerem aqui porque um pequeno número de nações não os reconheceu. Há organizações que reúnem alguns desses Estados não reconhecidos e outros movimentos reivindicatórios, a exemplo da Comunidade para a Democracia e os Direitos das Nações, formada por quatro deles: Abecásia, Artsaque, Ossétia do Sul e Transnístria, criada pelos três primeiros em 14 de junho de 2006. Também existe a Organização das Nações e Povos Não Representados, criada em 11 de fevereiro de 2001 por nações sem Estado, portanto sem representação (direta) na ONU, a cuja estrutura muito se assemelha. Esta lista não considera os países históricos não reconhecidos, as micronações e os governos no exílio — não reconhecidos e sem controle sobre o território reivindicado. Daí, por isso, na listagem não são encontrados: República da Chechênia, República de Monte Atos, Principado de Seborga, República de Cabinda, Reino de Tavolara, Puntlândia, Tamil Eelam, República da Ambazônia, Tibete/Administração Central Tibetana, Gagaúzia. Embora façam parte dos 193 Estados-membros da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), alguns deles são listados, mas gozam de "". A Santa Sé (Vaticano) é geralmente reconhecida como soberana na lei internacional, mas não é um membro completo das Nações Unidas, apenas é observadora, tal como o Estado da Palestina. Sobre o caso recente sul-sudanês, a reação internacional à declaração de independência do Sudão do Sul em 2011, de maneira geral, tem se mostrado favorável ao reconhecimento da independência a partir do Sudão, uma vez que já foram 114 reconhecimentos por parte de membros da ONU e seis por outros países, sem mencionar que o país já é membro das Nações Unidas desde 14 de julho de 2011. Assim sendo, por enquanto, o Sudão do Sul não está na lista abaixo. (pt)
- 有限承認國家是指世界上许多已经宣布自身是主權國家的獨立政治實體,正尋求国际社会将其作为法律上的主权国家予以外交承认,但却并未因此得到普遍承认。这些实体通常在事实上拥有其领土的控制权。过去已经存在很多这样的实体。国际上有两种传统理论可以在法律上作为一个主权国家成立的标准。根据宣告说的理论,只要一个政体符合下列条件则构成国际法上的主权国家: 1. * 固定的领土 2. * 永久的居民 3. * 政府 4. * 与其他国家建立外交关系的能力 根据宣告说的理论,一个实体的国家地位独立于其他主权国家对其承认。而构成说则认为一个实体成为一个国际法人必须得到已是国际社会成员的其他主权国的承认。 準國家经常引用这两种学说中的一种或两种,以使它们的建国主张合法化。例如:有些国家符合宣告说的标准(在事实上对其声称的领土、政府及永久居民拥有全部或部分的控制权),但其国家地位并未得到其他主权国家的承认。不被承认的原因通常是这些实体所声称的领土往往是其他主权国家领土的一部分。其他的案例还有两个或多个得到部分主权国家承认的国家对同一领土提出相同的主张,而它们在实际上各自占有了一部分。例如:中华人民共和国与中华民国;朝鲜民主主义人民共和国与大韩民国等。在有限承认国家中,只有少数会引用构成说来使其建国主张合法化。 在许多情况下,国际上不受承认并存在争议的实体的领土上往往存在外国军事势力的影响,这使得该实体在其国际地位的描述上存在问题。国际社会可以以此认为外国军事势力的侵入性太强而导致该实体沦为傀儡政权,外国在实际上拥有主权。在第二次世界大战之前和期间,由大日本帝国领导的满洲国及由纳粹德国建立的斯洛伐克第一共和国和克罗地亚独立国就是相应的历史案例。在1996年的“”中,欧洲人权法院裁定土耳其在北塞浦路斯行使了主权。 也有一些实体并没有控制任何实际上的领土,或者明确不符合宣告说中的建国标准,但却在法律上得到了至少1个国家的承认为主权实体。从历史上看,1870年至1929年期间的圣座;苏联占领时期的爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚和立陶宛都属于这样的案例。而马耳他骑士团目前仍然处于这样的状态。而那些无法控制其领土且未被承认的实体可以参看现存流亡政府列表。 (zh)
- Неви́знані держа́ви — світові геополітичні утворення, які не мають загального міжнародного визнання, але фактично більшою чи меншою мірою є суверенними країнами. Більшість таких держав являють собою субнаціональні регіони, які відокремились від своїх держав. Деякі з них користуються військовою/економічною/політичною та часто неформальною дипломатичною підтримкою третіх країн, зацікавлених у їхньому існуванні. (uk)
- https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/nationalities-papers/issue/special-issue-on-the-emergence-and-resilience-of-parastates/643F832C3E7BDA842E6C7C8E846DA29E
- https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=4PwmeRG9QsUC
- https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=Sa2HDAAAQBAJ
- dbr:Canada
- dbr:Proto-state
- dbr:Puntland
- dbr:Quasi-state
- dbr:List_of_active_separatist_movements_re...ed_by_intergovernmental_organizations
- dbr:List_of_current_heads_of_state_of_states_with_limited_recognition
- dbr:List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Abkhazia
- dbr:List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Cyprus
- dbr:List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Israel
- dbr:List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Kosovo
- dbr:List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Northern_Cyprus
- dbr:List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Somaliland
- dbr:List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_South_Korea
- dbr:List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_South_Ossetia
- dbr:List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Taiwan
- dbr:List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Transnistria
- dbr:List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Abkhazia
- dbr:List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Armenia
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- هذه قائمة الدول ذات الاعتراف المحدود والتي تسعى للحصول على اعتراف دولي وليس لديها علاقات دبلوماسية كاملة مع المجتمع الدولي. هذا في الغالب ينقسم إلى فئتين. أولا، هناك كيانات لها سيطرة كاملة أو جزئية على ما ادعوا أنها أراضيها الفعلية. لديها حكم ذاتي وأعلنت الرغبة في الاستقلال الكامل: في أغلب الأحيان، فإن وجود هذه الكيانات حسب وجهة نظر المجتمع الدولي هي نتيجة لانتهاك المادة 11 من اتفاقية مونتيفيديو.، وبشكل أعم، في المادة 2.4 من ميثاق الأمم المتحدة في الوقت الحاضر الذي يتوافق مع القانون الدولي العرفي. (ar)
- Seznam obsahuje všechny státy s nejasným mezinárodním statusem. Zahrnuje všechny od členských států OSN, které jsou v podstatě plně nezávislé i uznané, ale jeden nebo více států je neuznávají nebo si činí nároky na jejich území, až po státy neuznané nikým, které de iure patří k jiným státům, jako Somaliland. (cs)
- 本項目は国家承認を得た国際連合非加盟の国と地域の一覧(こっかしょうにんをえたこくさいれんごうひかめいのくにとちいきのいちらん)である。 (ja)
- Uno Stato a riconoscimento limitato è uno Stato de facto indipendente e sovrano, che controlla e governa effettivamente un territorio e una popolazione, ma la cui sovranità è riconosciuta a livello internazionale solo da alcuni degli altri Stati. Uno Stato a riconoscimento limitato può intrattenere formali relazioni diplomatiche con gli altri Stati, ma principalmente lo fa solo con quelli che lo riconoscono. (it)
- 이 목록은 언제든 바뀔 수 있는 주제로, 내용이 완벽하지 않을 수 있습니다. 만약 사실과 다른 내용이 있거나 빠진 내용이 있다면 직접 편집해 주세요. 미승인 국가(未承認國家)란 지정학적으로 실질적인 독립국가이나 기존의 국가에게 주권국가로 외교적 승인을 받지 못한 국가(정체)를 의미한다. 외교적 승인은 각국의 정치적 이해와 결부된 문제이기 때문에 미승인 국가로 여겨지는 나라들도 관점에 따라 달라질 수 있다. 따라서 외교적 승인을 상대적으로 적게 받은 나라들을 아래 목록에 나열하였다. (ko)
- Hieronder volgt een lijst van niet-unaniem erkende staten. De criteria voor opname zijn dat een overheid de soevereiniteit claimt, de erkenning van ten minste één VN-lidstaat mist en ofwel: * voldoen aan de declaratieve theorie van de soevereiniteit, of * worden erkend als een staat door ten minste één VN-lidstaat. Zie ook de vlaggen van staten met beperkte erkenning, de lijst van landen van de wereld en de lijst van historische landen. (nl)
- Непри́знанные и части́чно при́знанные госуда́рства (также используются другие названия, см. ), в самом широком определении — территориальные единицы, обладающие «широким набором» признаков суверенного государства (территория, постоянное население, собственная система управления, способность вступать в международные отношения), но не являющиеся членами Организации Объединённых Наций. Их территория, как правило, расценивается государствами — членами ООН как находящаяся под суверенитетом одного или нескольких государств — членов ООН; не признающими их государствами и/или международными организациями эти политии рассматриваются как сепаратистские образования, отколовшиеся регионы либо оккупированные территории. (ru)
- Неви́знані держа́ви — світові геополітичні утворення, які не мають загального міжнародного визнання, але фактично більшою чи меншою мірою є суверенними країнами. Більшість таких держав являють собою субнаціональні регіони, які відокремились від своїх держав. Деякі з них користуються військовою/економічною/політичною та часто неформальною дипломатичною підтримкою третіх країн, зацікавлених у їхньому існуванні. (uk)
- Ένας αριθμός γεωπολιτικών οντοτήτων έχουν ανακηρυχτεί σε κράτη και έχουν επιχειρήσει de jure αναγνώριση ως κυρίαρχα κράτη, με διαφορετικούς βαθμούς επιτυχίας. Στο παρελθόν, έχουν υπάρξει παρόμοιες οντότητες, και σήμερα υπάρχουν οντότητες που διεκδικούν ανεξαρτησία, συχνά ελέγχοντας de facto τα εδάφη που διεκδικούν, με αναγνώριση από εντελώς μηδέν, μέχρι πλήρη αναγνώριση από όλα τα κράτη. (el)
- Diese Liste sammelt verschiedene geopolitische Einheiten, die nicht allgemein als selbstständige Staaten anerkannt werden. Nicht aufgelistet werden sogenannte Mikronationen, die meist von einer sehr kleinen Gruppe von Menschen (meistens 2–15 Personen) gegründet werden. Einige Territorien sind selbstverwaltete autonome Regionen oder Protektorate mit militärischem Schutz und informellen diplomatischen Auslandsvertretungen durch einen anderen Staat. (de)
- A number of polities have declared independence and sought diplomatic recognition from the international community as sovereign states, but have not been universally recognised as such. These entities often have de facto control of their territory. A number of such entities have existed in the past. There are two traditional theories used to indicate how a sovereign state comes into being. The declarative theory (codified in the 1933 Montevideo Convention) defines a state as a person in international law if it meets the following criteria: (en)
- Daftar negara dengan pengakuan terbatas memberikan suatu gambaran mengenai entitas geo-politik saat ini, yang ingin diakui sebagai negara berdaulat di bawah hukum internasional namun tidak atau belum mendapatkan pengakuan diplomatik dunia secara penuh. Lihat daftar historis negara yang tidak diakui untuk entitas seperti ini yang ada pada masa lalu. Lihat daftar pemerintahan dalam pengasingan untuk pemerintahan yang tidak diakui dan tidak memilik penguasaan atas wilayah yang diklaimnya. (in)
- Certaines entités territoriales contemporaines de fait souhaitent être reconnues de droit comme des États souverains, mais se heurtent au manque de la reconnaissance diplomatique internationale nécessaire pour être reconnues par les États existants et les organisations internationales interétatiques comme un nouvel État en droit international. Elles commencent donc leur existence en proclamant une déclaration unilatérale d'indépendance, qui reste à être reconnue par d'autres États. Le présent article liste les quatre dernières catégories d’États. (fr)
- Esta lista de países com reconhecimento limitado dá uma visão geral das entidades geopolíticas contemporâneas que desejam ser reconhecidas como Estados soberanos sob a Convenção de Montevidéu, os quais não desfrutam reconhecimento diplomático no mundo todo. Estes, em sua maioria, caem em duas categorias. Primeiramente, estão as entidades com controle completo ou parcial sobre o território reivindicado os quais são de facto autogovernados e que declararam possuir um desejo por total independência. Em segundo lugar, estão as entidades que não possuem completo controle sobre o território reivindicado, mas foram reconhecidas como tendo uma reivindicação de jure àquele território por pelo menos uma nação reconhecida. Alguns países nesta lista, como Chipre e Israel, são reconhecidos pela grande (pt)
- Denna lista över stater som saknar fullt internationellt erkännande är en översikt över nutida politiskt geografiska enheter vilka utropats som suveräna stater enligt Montevideokonventionen från 1933 eller i dess efterföljd, men som saknar fullt diplomatiskt erkännande. De listade staterna har utropat självständighet och har kontroll över sina territorier – eller om de saknar sådan kontroll har de erkänts av minst en annan i någon form internationellt erkänd stat. (sv)
- 有限承認國家是指世界上许多已经宣布自身是主權國家的獨立政治實體,正尋求国际社会将其作为法律上的主权国家予以外交承认,但却并未因此得到普遍承认。这些实体通常在事实上拥有其领土的控制权。过去已经存在很多这样的实体。国际上有两种传统理论可以在法律上作为一个主权国家成立的标准。根据宣告说的理论,只要一个政体符合下列条件则构成国际法上的主权国家: 1. * 固定的领土 2. * 永久的居民 3. * 政府 4. * 与其他国家建立外交关系的能力 根据宣告说的理论,一个实体的国家地位独立于其他主权国家对其承认。而构成说则认为一个实体成为一个国际法人必须得到已是国际社会成员的其他主权国的承认。 準國家经常引用这两种学说中的一种或两种,以使它们的建国主张合法化。例如:有些国家符合宣告说的标准(在事实上对其声称的领土、政府及永久居民拥有全部或部分的控制权),但其国家地位并未得到其他主权国家的承认。不被承认的原因通常是这些实体所声称的领土往往是其他主权国家领土的一部分。其他的案例还有两个或多个得到部分主权国家承认的国家对同一领土提出相同的主张,而它们在实际上各自占有了一部分。例如:中华人民共和国与中华民国;朝鲜民主主义人民共和国与大韩民国等。在有限承认国家中,只有少数会引用构成说来使其建国主张合法化。 (zh)
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- http://ur.dbpedia.org/resource/محدود_تسلیم_شدہ_ریاستوں_کی_فہرست
- http://uz.dbpedia.org/resource/Tan_olinmagan_va_qisman_tan_olingan_davlatlar
- dbpedia-vi:List of states with limited recognition
- dbpedia-zh:List of states with limited recognition
- http://ce.dbpedia.org/resource/Къобалъянза_а,_цхьаццамма_къобалйина_а_пачхьалкхаш
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