Monoamine oxidase inhibitor (original) (raw)
Inhibitor monoaminooxidázy (MAOI nebo též IMAO) je skupina léků používaných jako antidepresiva. Samy o sobě obvykle nejsou , ale výrazně zpomalují metabolismus neurotransmiteru serotoninu a dalších látek, čímž dojde ke zvýšení jejich hladiny v těle.
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| dbo:abstract | Inhibitor monoaminooxidázy (MAOI nebo též IMAO) je skupina léků používaných jako antidepresiva. Samy o sobě obvykle nejsou , ale výrazně zpomalují metabolismus neurotransmiteru serotoninu a dalších látek, čímž dojde ke zvýšení jejich hladiny v těle. (cs) مثبطات أكسيداز أحادي الأمين (بالإنجليزية: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors ومختصرها MAOIs) هي مجموعة من الأدوية كانت تستعمل قديما في علاج الكآبة التي تثبط مجموعة من الإنزيمات التي تدعى بأكسيداز أحادي الأمين. (ar) Monoaminooxidase-Hemmer (kurz MAO-Hemmer) oder auch -Inhibitoren (MAOI) sind Psychopharmaka, die gegen Depressionen eingesetzt werden (Antidepressiva). Sie entfalten ihre Wirkung durch eine Blockade der Monoaminooxidasen (MAO). Diese Enzyme haben die Aufgabe, Monoamine wie Serotonin, Noradrenalin und Dopamin aufzuspalten und so deren Verfügbarkeit für die Signalübertragung im Gehirn zu verringern. Die MAO-Hemmer hemmen diese Abbauenzyme, wodurch sich die Konzentration von Monoaminen erhöht. Der MAO-Hemmer Iproniazid war das erste vermarktete Antidepressivum überhaupt. Die ersten verfügbaren MAO-Hemmer erforderten jedoch eine Tyramin-arme Diät und wiesen unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen auf. Daher ging die Verwendung der MAO-Hemmer insgesamt stark zurück, obwohl seit Mitte der 1990er Jahre mit Moclobemid ein gut verträglicher und nebenwirkungsarmer MAO-Hemmer auf den Markt kam. (de) Los inhibidores de la monoamino oxidasa (IMAO) constituyen la categoría terapéutica a la que pertenece cierto grupo de fármacos antidepresivos y que actúan bloqueando la acción de la enzima monoamino oxidasa. Fueron los primeros antidepresivos existentes en el mercado. (es) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of drugs that inhibit the activity of one or both monoamine oxidase enzymes: monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). They are best known as effective antidepressants, especially for treatment-resistant depression and atypical depression. They are also used to treat panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, Parkinson's disease, and several other disorders. Reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A (RIMAs) are a subclass of MAOIs that selectively and reversibly inhibit the MAO-A enzyme. RIMAs are used clinically in the treatment of depression and dysthymia. Due to their reversibility, they are safer in single-drug overdose than the older, irreversible MAOIs, and weaker in increasing the monoamines important in depressive disorder. RIMAs have not gained widespread market share in the United States. (en) Les inhibiteurs de monoamine oxydase (inhibiteurs MAO ou IMAO) constituent une classe d'antidépresseurs utilisés dans le traitement de la dépression.Ils sont moins souvent prescrits que les autres antidépresseurs, souvent lorsque les patients ne sont pas sensibles aux autres traitements, à cause de leurs interactions avec d'autres médicaments et avec certains aliments riches en tyramine qui peuvent entraîner des réactions hypertensives.Concernant le régime alimentaire, certains aliments doivent être évités et d'autres peuvent être consommés avec modération (ex. : une seule portion par jour). Ces inhibiteurs peuvent cibler les monoamines oxydases type A, B ou les deux. Les inhibiteurs de la MAO-B sont utilisés dans la maladie de Parkinson. (fr) モノアミン酸化酵素阻害薬（モノアミンさんかこうそそがいやく、英語: Monoamine oxidase inhibitor：MAOI）は、モノアミン酸化酵素の働きを阻害することによって、脳内の主なモノアミン神経伝達物質であるドーパミンやセロトニン、アドレナリンのような物質を分解されないようにする薬剤の総称である。 MAO阻害薬（まおそがいやく）とも呼ばれ、抗うつ薬や抗パーキンソン病薬として用いられる。日本では、抗うつ薬にも使われたが、現在では抗パーキンソン病薬として使われる。 (ja) 모노아민 산화효소 저해제(영어: monoamine oxidase inhibitor, MAOI)는 와 중 하나 또는 둘의 활성을 억제하는 약제이다. 이것은 공황장애 및 사회적 공포증에 효과적인 치료제뿐만 아니라 강력한 항우울제로 잘 알려져 있다. 특히 치료 저항성 우울증과 비정형 우울증에 효과적인 것으로 알려져 있으며, 파킨슨 병과 다른 여러 질환의 치료에도 사용된다. (ko) Gli inibitori delle monoamino ossidasi (I-MAO, MAO-I dall'inglese MAO Inhibitor) sono una classe di farmaci in grado di ridurre o bloccare l'attività delle monoamino ossidasi, gli enzimi che metabolizzano per via ossidativa le monoammine. Delle monoammine fanno parte numerose sostanze endogene come alcuni neurotrasmettitori (come la serotonina e le catecolamine adrenalina, noradrenalina, melatonina, dopamina) e composti esogeni (come la tiramina e alcuni farmaci). L'inibizione della degradazione dei neurotrasmettitori, importanti nella regolazione del tono dell'umore, ne comporta un loro aumento nel sistema nervoso centrale: questo meccanismo è responsabile dell'effetto antidepressivo ed ansiolitico degli IMAO. Gli inibitori non selettivi delle isoforme A e B o i selettivi per la sola forma A delle MAO sono ad oggi utilizzati come antidepressivi (sono stati i primi antidepressivi ad essere commercializzati), specie per le forme resistenti al trattamento con farmaci di prima linea e nel caso di depressioni atipiche, dove mostrano un’efficacia elevata. Gli inibitori della sola isoforma B sono invece utilizzati nelle fasi iniziali del morbo di Parkinson. Nel trattamento della depressione e di altri disturbi psichiatrici, pur presentando un'elevata efficacia e tollerabilità, spesso superiore rispetto ad altre classi di farmaci (anche gli SSRI), gli IMAO irreversibili sono considerati una scelta secondaria per via delle potenzialmente gravi interazioni farmacologiche ed alimentari che richiedono una dieta con cibi privi di tiramina. (it) Inhibitory monoaminooksydazy, IMAO (ang. monoamine oxidase inhibitors, MAOIs) − grupa związków stosowanych w leczeniu depresji (działające na MAO-A) i niedociśnienia tętniczego oraz w parkinsonizmach (działające na MAO-B). (pl) Os inibidores da monoamina oxidase (IMAO) são uma classe de fármacos que actuam bloqueando a acção da enzima monoamina oxidase, sendo utilizados no tratamento da depressão. (pt) Monoamino-oxidaseremmers, oftewel MAO-remmers, blokkeren de werking van monoamino-oxidase (MAO). Monoamino-oxidase is een verzamelnaam voor een groep enzymen die verantwoordelijk zijn voor de afbraak van monoaminen in het lichaam. Monoaminen, zoals (nor)adrenaline, serotonine en dopamine spelen een belangrijke rol in het lichaam, onder meer bij de regeling van bloeddruk, stemming en motoriek. (nl) Ингибиторы моноаминоксидазы (ИМАО, MAOI) — биологически активные вещества, способные ингибировать фермент моноаминоксидазу, содержащийся в нервных окончаниях, препятствуя разрушению этим ферментом различных моноаминов (серотонина, норадреналина, дофамина, фенилэтиламина, триптаминов, октопамина) и тем самым способствуя повышению их концентрации в синаптической щели. К ингибиторам моноаминоксидазы относят некоторые антидепрессанты, а также ряд природных веществ. (ru) Monoaminooxidashämmare, MAOI, MAO-hämmare, är en grupp antidepressiva läkemedel som var de första att användas kliniskt mot depression. Läkemedlen verkar genom att hämma monoaminoxidas (MAO). Monoaminooxidas är en typ av enzym i hjärnan som bryter ned vissa signalsubstanser (monoaminer), framför allt serotonin och noradrenalin (MAO typ 1) samt dopamin (MAO typ 2). Hämningen gör att signalsubstanserna finns kvar längre i synapsen. MAO-hämmare är effektivt vid atypisk depression (ökad aptit/sötsug, ökat sömnbehov, svår energiförlust och/eller blykänsla i armar och ben, en historia av social ångest/fobi). MAO-hämmare är särskilt effektivt vid social fobi där det är dubbelt så effektivt som SSRI-preparat. Monoaminooxidashämmare har använts som antidepressiva läkemedel sedan 1950-talet, men nuförtiden har de i allt större omfattning ersatts av TCA och senare av SSRI. Monoaminooxidashämmare har en bred biverkningsprofil därför att läkemedlet binder irreversibelt till monoaminooxidas som finns i flera olika vävnader förutom i centrala nervsystemet. Detta leder bland annat till komplikationer vid intag av aminer via födan som metaboliseras via MAO. Efter en tids användning kan man behöva öka dosen något för samma effekt då levern uppreglerar sin nedbrytning av irreversibla MAO-hämmare efter en tids användning. Kombination av olika MAO-hämmare, MAO-hämmare och återupptagshämmare (till exempel SSRI) eller överdos kan leda till serotonergt syndrom, ett mycket farligt tillstånd som kan vara dödligt. MAO-hämmare kan potentiera effekten av andra droger. Exempel på ett godkänt MAO-hämmande läkemedel i Sverige är moklobemid som bland annat saluförs under varunamnet Aurorix. Andra läkemedel är selegilin, brofaromin, fenelzin, iproniazid, isokarboxazid, nialamid, toloxaton samt tranylcypromin. (sv) Інгібітори моноаміноксидази — біологічно активні речовини, здатні інгібувати один або обидва типи ферменту моноаміноксидази: МАО-А та МАО-Б. Найбільш відомі як високоефективні антидепресанти, а також у якості препаратів для лікування панічного розладу та соціофобії(наприклад, моклобемід). Застосовуються при терапевтично-резистентній депресії та атиповій депресії. Інгібітори моноаміноксидази використовують у терапії інших розладів, таких як хвороба Паркінсона. (uk) 单胺氧化酶抑制剂（英語：MAOIs, Monoamine oxidase inhibitor）是一类抑制单胺氧化酶作用的药物。该类药品在抑郁症的治疗中已有很长的一段历史，相比其他抗抑郁药，该药对非典型抑郁障碍的治疗特别地有效。MAOIs也被用于帕金森氏病和一些其他疾病的治疗。 由于药物间相互作用饮食不当，该药可能导致严重的不良反应甚至致死， 因此一般作为药物治疗的最后选择，即当其他类型的抗抑郁药（如选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂和三环类抗抑郁药）治疗均告无效时才考虑使用MAOIs。近期对MAOIs的研究表明，许多关于该类药品因饮食不当造成的副作用属于误报。该类药品的效用已被证明，但在医药界仍常被误解以至未能得到良好使用。 近期的研究也对之前的结论提出了质疑，认为不当饮食导致不良反应的严重性值得商榷。 (zh) |
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| dbp:alt | Ribbon diagram of human monoamine oxidase B (en) |
| dbp:atcPrefix | N06AF (en) |
| dbp:biologicalTarget | MAO-A and/or MAO-B (en) Monoamine oxidase enzymes: (en) |
| dbp:caption | Ribbon diagram of human monoamine oxidase B, from (en) |
| dbp:mechanismOfAction | dbr:Enzyme_inhibitor |
| dbp:meshid | D008996 (en) |
| dbp:synonyms | MAOI, RIMA (en) |
| dbp:use | Treatment of major depressive disorder, atypical depression, Parkinson's disease, and several other disorders (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Inhibitor monoaminooxidázy (MAOI nebo též IMAO) je skupina léků používaných jako antidepresiva. Samy o sobě obvykle nejsou , ale výrazně zpomalují metabolismus neurotransmiteru serotoninu a dalších látek, čímž dojde ke zvýšení jejich hladiny v těle. (cs) مثبطات أكسيداز أحادي الأمين (بالإنجليزية: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors ومختصرها MAOIs) هي مجموعة من الأدوية كانت تستعمل قديما في علاج الكآبة التي تثبط مجموعة من الإنزيمات التي تدعى بأكسيداز أحادي الأمين. (ar) Los inhibidores de la monoamino oxidasa (IMAO) constituyen la categoría terapéutica a la que pertenece cierto grupo de fármacos antidepresivos y que actúan bloqueando la acción de la enzima monoamino oxidasa. Fueron los primeros antidepresivos existentes en el mercado. (es) モノアミン酸化酵素阻害薬（モノアミンさんかこうそそがいやく、英語: Monoamine oxidase inhibitor：MAOI）は、モノアミン酸化酵素の働きを阻害することによって、脳内の主なモノアミン神経伝達物質であるドーパミンやセロトニン、アドレナリンのような物質を分解されないようにする薬剤の総称である。 MAO阻害薬（まおそがいやく）とも呼ばれ、抗うつ薬や抗パーキンソン病薬として用いられる。日本では、抗うつ薬にも使われたが、現在では抗パーキンソン病薬として使われる。 (ja) 모노아민 산화효소 저해제(영어: monoamine oxidase inhibitor, MAOI)는 와 중 하나 또는 둘의 활성을 억제하는 약제이다. 이것은 공황장애 및 사회적 공포증에 효과적인 치료제뿐만 아니라 강력한 항우울제로 잘 알려져 있다. 특히 치료 저항성 우울증과 비정형 우울증에 효과적인 것으로 알려져 있으며, 파킨슨 병과 다른 여러 질환의 치료에도 사용된다. (ko) Inhibitory monoaminooksydazy, IMAO (ang. monoamine oxidase inhibitors, MAOIs) − grupa związków stosowanych w leczeniu depresji (działające na MAO-A) i niedociśnienia tętniczego oraz w parkinsonizmach (działające na MAO-B). (pl) Os inibidores da monoamina oxidase (IMAO) são uma classe de fármacos que actuam bloqueando a acção da enzima monoamina oxidase, sendo utilizados no tratamento da depressão. (pt) Monoamino-oxidaseremmers, oftewel MAO-remmers, blokkeren de werking van monoamino-oxidase (MAO). Monoamino-oxidase is een verzamelnaam voor een groep enzymen die verantwoordelijk zijn voor de afbraak van monoaminen in het lichaam. Monoaminen, zoals (nor)adrenaline, serotonine en dopamine spelen een belangrijke rol in het lichaam, onder meer bij de regeling van bloeddruk, stemming en motoriek. (nl) Ингибиторы моноаминоксидазы (ИМАО, MAOI) — биологически активные вещества, способные ингибировать фермент моноаминоксидазу, содержащийся в нервных окончаниях, препятствуя разрушению этим ферментом различных моноаминов (серотонина, норадреналина, дофамина, фенилэтиламина, триптаминов, октопамина) и тем самым способствуя повышению их концентрации в синаптической щели. К ингибиторам моноаминоксидазы относят некоторые антидепрессанты, а также ряд природных веществ. (ru) Інгібітори моноаміноксидази — біологічно активні речовини, здатні інгібувати один або обидва типи ферменту моноаміноксидази: МАО-А та МАО-Б. Найбільш відомі як високоефективні антидепресанти, а також у якості препаратів для лікування панічного розладу та соціофобії(наприклад, моклобемід). Застосовуються при терапевтично-резистентній депресії та атиповій депресії. Інгібітори моноаміноксидази використовують у терапії інших розладів, таких як хвороба Паркінсона. (uk) 单胺氧化酶抑制剂（英語：MAOIs, Monoamine oxidase inhibitor）是一类抑制单胺氧化酶作用的药物。该类药品在抑郁症的治疗中已有很长的一段历史，相比其他抗抑郁药，该药对非典型抑郁障碍的治疗特别地有效。MAOIs也被用于帕金森氏病和一些其他疾病的治疗。 由于药物间相互作用饮食不当，该药可能导致严重的不良反应甚至致死， 因此一般作为药物治疗的最后选择，即当其他类型的抗抑郁药（如选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂和三环类抗抑郁药）治疗均告无效时才考虑使用MAOIs。近期对MAOIs的研究表明，许多关于该类药品因饮食不当造成的副作用属于误报。该类药品的效用已被证明，但在医药界仍常被误解以至未能得到良好使用。 近期的研究也对之前的结论提出了质疑，认为不当饮食导致不良反应的严重性值得商榷。 (zh) Monoaminooxidase-Hemmer (kurz MAO-Hemmer) oder auch -Inhibitoren (MAOI) sind Psychopharmaka, die gegen Depressionen eingesetzt werden (Antidepressiva). Sie entfalten ihre Wirkung durch eine Blockade der Monoaminooxidasen (MAO). Diese Enzyme haben die Aufgabe, Monoamine wie Serotonin, Noradrenalin und Dopamin aufzuspalten und so deren Verfügbarkeit für die Signalübertragung im Gehirn zu verringern. Die MAO-Hemmer hemmen diese Abbauenzyme, wodurch sich die Konzentration von Monoaminen erhöht. (de) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of drugs that inhibit the activity of one or both monoamine oxidase enzymes: monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). They are best known as effective antidepressants, especially for treatment-resistant depression and atypical depression. They are also used to treat panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, Parkinson's disease, and several other disorders. (en) Les inhibiteurs de monoamine oxydase (inhibiteurs MAO ou IMAO) constituent une classe d'antidépresseurs utilisés dans le traitement de la dépression.Ils sont moins souvent prescrits que les autres antidépresseurs, souvent lorsque les patients ne sont pas sensibles aux autres traitements, à cause de leurs interactions avec d'autres médicaments et avec certains aliments riches en tyramine qui peuvent entraîner des réactions hypertensives.Concernant le régime alimentaire, certains aliments doivent être évités et d'autres peuvent être consommés avec modération (ex. : une seule portion par jour). (fr) Gli inibitori delle monoamino ossidasi (I-MAO, MAO-I dall'inglese MAO Inhibitor) sono una classe di farmaci in grado di ridurre o bloccare l'attività delle monoamino ossidasi, gli enzimi che metabolizzano per via ossidativa le monoammine. (it) Monoaminooxidashämmare, MAOI, MAO-hämmare, är en grupp antidepressiva läkemedel som var de första att användas kliniskt mot depression. Läkemedlen verkar genom att hämma monoaminoxidas (MAO). Monoaminooxidas är en typ av enzym i hjärnan som bryter ned vissa signalsubstanser (monoaminer), framför allt serotonin och noradrenalin (MAO typ 1) samt dopamin (MAO typ 2). Hämningen gör att signalsubstanserna finns kvar längre i synapsen. MAO-hämmare kan potentiera effekten av andra droger. (sv) |
| rdfs:label | مثبط أكسيداز أحادي الأمين (ar) Inhibitor monoaminooxidázy (cs) Monoaminooxidase-Hemmer (de) Inhibidores de la monoamino oxidasa (es) Inhibiteur de monoamine oxydase (fr) Inibitore della monoamino ossidasi (it) 모노아민 산화효소 저해제 (ko) モノアミン酸化酵素阻害薬 (ja) Monoamine oxidase inhibitor (en) Monoamino-oxidaseremmers (nl) Inhibitory monoaminooksydazy (pl) Inibidor da monoamina oxidase (pt) Ингибиторы моноаминоксидазы (ru) Monoaminoxidashämmare (sv) Інгібітори моноаміноксидази (uk) 单胺氧化酶抑制剂 (zh) |
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