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‐cum‐
音節 ‐cum‐ 発音記号・読み方 /kʊm, kʌm/
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cum
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cum
cum
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-cum
Cum.
cum
出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/04/22 19:03 UTC 版)
発音
前置詞
cum
- Used in indicating a thing or person which has two or more roles, functions, or natures, or which has changed from one to another.
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:cum.
使用する際の注意点
Also used in some British place names and civil parish names:
Aldringham cum Thorpe
Ash-cum-Ridley
Burton-cum-Walden
Chorlton-cum-Hardy
Dalby-cum-Skewsby
Elloughton-cum-Brough
Hannah cum Hagnaby
Holywell-cum-Needingworth
Ilton-cum-Pott
Kelsale cum Carlton
Langar cum Barnstone
Messing-cum-Inworth
odd-cum-short
Pidley cum Fenton
Raithby cum Maltby
Shaw cum Donnington
Stone-cum-Ebony
Suffield-cum-Everley
Sutton cum Duckmanton
Warmfield cum Heath
Woodford cum Membris
発音
派生語
- cumball
- cumbrain
- cumbrained
- cumbrella
- cumbucket
- cum catcher
- cum corner
- cum cow
- cumdrunk
- cumdump
- cum dumpster
- cumflate
- cumflation
- cum gutters
- cumguzzler
- cum guzzler
- cumhole
- cumhungry
- cumlike
- cumload
- cummer
- cummie
- cummy
- cumrag
- cum receptacle
- cumshot
- cumsicle
- cumskin
- cumslut
- cumsoaked
- cum-soaked
- cumsock
- cumstain
- cum swapping
- cumthirsty
- cum towel
- cum tribute
- cumwad
- cumwhore
- girlcum
- precum
語源 3
語源 4
参照
- ↑ “cum”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
- ↑ “cum”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
- ↑ “cum”, in Merriam-Webster.com Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
- ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2026), “cum”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
- ^ Glossophilia
別の表記
- cũ, ꝯ (abbreviation, Medieval Latin, Renaissance Latin, early modern)
- kom, com (Old Latin)
- -cum (used with pronouns)
発音
- (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈkũː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈkum]
前置詞
cum (+ ablative)
- with, along with
Titus cum familiā habitat. ― Titus lives with his family.
magnā cum laude ― with great praise - at (denoting a point in time with which an action coincides)
Mīlitēs cum prīmā lūce vēnērunt. ― The soldiers came at day-break. - -fold (with ordinal number)
cum centēsimō efficere ― to yield a hundredfold
派生語
- co-
- col-
- com-
- con-
- contra
- cor-
- cum laude
- cum primis
- cum privilegio
- donec
- egregia cum laude
- magna cum laude
- maxima cum laude
- mecum
- nobiscum
- summa cum laude
- tecum
- vobiscum
派生した語
- → English: cum
- Aragonese: con
- Aromanian: cu
- Asturian: con, cun, co
- Corsican: cù, cun
- Dalmatian: con
- Emilian: con
- Friulian: cun, cu
- Istriot: cun, cu'
- Italian: con
- Ladin: con, co, cun
- Ligurian: con
- Lombard: cond
- Megleno-Romanian: cu
- Mirandese: cun
- Neapolitan: cu
- Old Galician-Portuguese: con
- Piedmontese: cun
- Romagnol: cun
- Romanian: cu
- Leonese: cun
- Romansh: cun
- Sardinian: chin, cun
- Sicilian: cu
- Spanish: con
- Venetan: co
別の表記
- quom (pre-classical, Classical Latin)
- quum (post-classical)
接続詞
cum
- [_with_ subjunctive]
- (causal) when, after [_with_ imperfect subjunctive or pluperfect subjunctive]
- because, since
- although
- [_with_ indicative]
- (temporal) when, while [_with_ present indicative or perfect indicative]
使用する際の注意点
- In the sense of when, if there is no causal link between the verb in the dependent clause and the verb in the main clause (sometimes called an inverted _cum_-clause, as the 'main action' of the sentence occurs in the dependent clause), the indicative is used rather than the subjunctive.
Per viam ambulābāmus cum pugnam vīdimus. [not _*vīderīmus_]
We were walking through the street when we saw a fight. - Often coupled with tum,
tum A, cum B = "then A, when B"
cum A, tum B = "not only A, but also B"
派生語
参照
- (preposition) “cum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- (conjunction) “cum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “cum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- "cum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- “cum”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- a storm accompanied by heavy claps of thunder: tempestas cum magno fragore (caeli) tonitribusque (Liv. 1. 16)
- to have the same boundaries; to be coterminous: continentem esse terrae or cum terra (Fam. 15. 2. 2)
- at the same moment that, precisely when: eo ipso tempore, cum; tum ipsum, cum
- occasions arise for..: incidunt tempora, cum
- I have not seen you for five years: quinque anni sunt or sextus annus est, cum te non vidi
- to live to see the day when..: diem videre, cum...
- with many tears: multis cum lacrimis
- with many tears: magno cum fletu
- so-and-so is in a very satisfactory position; prospers: agitur praeclare, bene cum aliquo
- under such circumstances: quae cum ita sint
- to struggle with adversity: conflictari (cum) adversa fortuna
- to balance a loss by anything: damnum compensare cum aliqua re
- to form a friendship with any one: amicitiam cum aliquo jungere, facere, inire, contrahere
- I am on good terms with a person: est or intercedit mihi cum aliquo amicitia
- I am on bad terms with a person: sunt or intercedunt mihi cum aliquo inimicitiae
- to be bound by the closest ties of friendship: artissimo amicitiae vinculo or summa familiaritate cum aliquo coniunctum esse
- to be at enmity with a man: inimicitias gerere, habere, exercere cum aliquo
- to make a person one's enemy: inimicitias cum aliquo suscipere
- to reconcile two people; to be a mediator: in gratiam aliquem cum aliquo reducere
- to be reconciled; to make up a quarrel: in gratiam cum aliquo redire
- to expostulate with a person about a thing: conqueri, expostulare cum aliquo de aliqua re
- I heard him say..: ex eo audivi, cum diceret
- to confuse true with false: vera cum falsis confundere
- to imbibe error from one's mother's breasts: errorem cum lacte nutricis sugere (Tusc. 3. 1. 2)
- (1) to communicate one's plans to some one; (2) to make common cause with a person. Similarly c. causam, rationem: consilia cum aliquo communicare
- to think over, consider a thing: secum (cum animo) reputare aliquid
- to think over, consider a thing: considerare in, cum animo, secum aliquid
- to enjoy close intercourse with... (of master and pupil): multum esse cum aliquo (Fam. 16. 21)
- to be closely connected with a thing: cohaerere, coniunctum esse cum aliqua re
- to maintain a controversy with some one: controversiam (contentionem) habere cum aliquo
- to come to an understanding with a person: transigere aliquid cum aliquo
- to agree with a person: consentire, idem sentire cum aliquo
- to disagree with a person: dissentire, dissidere ab or cum aliquo
- to be united by having a common language: eiusdem linguae societate coniunctum esse cum aliquo (De Or. 3. 59. 223)
- to hold an altercation with a man: verbis concertare or altercari cum aliquo (B. C. 3. 19. 6)
- to correspond with some one: colloqui cum aliquo per litteras
- to my sorrow: cum magno meo dolore
- my relations with him are most hospitable: mihi cum illo hospitium est, intercedit
- to become a friend and guest of a person: hospitium cum aliquo facere, (con-)iungere
- to associate with some one: societatem inire, facere cum aliquo
- to be always in some one's company: assiduum esse cum aliquo
- to be on friendly terms with a person: usu, familiaritate, consuetudine coniunctum esse cum aliquo
- to be on friendly terms with a person: est mihi consuetudo, or usus cum aliquo
- to be on friendly terms with a person: vivere cum aliquo
- relations are strained between us: in simultate cum aliquo sum
- to enter into conversation with some one: sermonem conferre, instituere, ordiri cum aliquo
- to enter into conversation with some one: se dare in sermonem cum aliquo
- to converse, talk with a person on a subject: sermonem habere cum aliquo de aliqua re (De Am. 1. 3)
- to meet a person by arrangement, interview him: congredi cum aliquo
- to speak personally to..: coram loqui (cum aliquo)
- to shake hands with a person: dextram iungere cum aliquo, dextras inter se iungere
- to be married to some one: nuptam esse cum aliquo or alicui
- to separate from, divorce (of the man): divortium facere cum uxore
- to have business relations with some one: contrahere rem or negotium cum aliquo (Cluent. 14. 41)
- to transact, settle a matter with some one: transigere aliquid (de aliqua re) cum aliquo or inter se
- to do no business with a man: nihil cum aliquo contrahere
- to balance accounts with some one: rationes putare cum aliquo
- to be content with 12 per cent at compound interest: centesimis cum anatocismo contentum esse (Att. 5. 21. 12)
- to contend with some one for the pre-eminence: contendere cum aliquo de principatu (Nep. Arist. 1)
- to submit a formal proposition to the people: agere cum populo (Leg. 3. 4. 10)
- to be on a person's side (not ab alicuius partibus): ab (cum) aliquo stare (Brut. 79. 273)
- to take some one's side: cum aliquo facere (Sull. 13. 36)
- to conspire with some one: conspirare cum aliquo (contra aliquem)
- to have unlimited power; to be invested with imperium: cum imperio esse (cf. XVI. 3)
- to go to law with a person: (ex) iure, lege agere cum aliquo
- to proceed against some one with the utmost rigour of the law; to strain the law in one's favour: summo iure agere cum aliquo (cf. summum ius, summa iniuria)
- to live with some one on an equal footing: aequo iure vivere cum aliquo
- to isolate a witness: aliquem a ceteris separare et in arcam conicere ne quis cum eo colloqui possit (Mil. 22. 60)
- to join forces with some one: copias (arma) cum aliquo iungere or se cum aliquo iungere
- to hold a high command: cum imperio esse
- to be armed: cum telo esse
- to begin a war with some one: bellum cum aliquo inire
- to make war on a person: bellum gerere cum aliquo
- to advance with the army: procedere cum exercitu
- with wife and child: cum uxoribus et liberis
- to come to close quarters: manum (us) conserere cum hoste
- to come to close quarters: signa conferre cum hoste
- to fight a pitched, orderly battle with an enemy: iusto (opp. tumultuario) proelio confligere cum hoste (Liv. 35. 4)
- a hand-to-hand engagement ensued: tum pes cum pede collatus est (Liv. 28. 2)
- with great loss: magno cum detrimento
- to treat with some one about peace: agere cum aliquo de pace
- to make peace with some one: pacem facere cum aliquo
- to conclude a treaty with some one: pactionem facere cum aliquo (Sall. Iug. 40)
- to conclude a treaty, an alliance: foedus facere (cum aliquo), icere, ferire
- allow me to say: bona (cum) venia tua dixerim
- putting aside, except: cum discessi, -eris, -eritis ab
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