Asian-Pacific Region Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer amongst women, in Iran comprising 21.4% of female cancers. There are several screening modalities for breast cancer including breast self-examination, clinical breast examination and... more

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer amongst women, in Iran comprising 21.4% of female cancers. There are several screening modalities for breast cancer including breast self-examination, clinical breast examination and mammography. This research reviews the literature surrounding the implementation of these screening approaches in the Islamic Republic of Iran. After initial results produced approximately 208 articles, a total of 96 articles were included because they specifically addressed epidemiological characteristics of breast cancer, culture, religion, health seeking behavior, screening programs and the health system in Iran. Literature showed that breast self-examination and clinical breast examination were most common as there is no population-based mammography screening program in Iran. Additionally, most women appear to obtain information through the mass media. Results also indicate that Islamic beliefs and preventative medicine are very much aligned and can be ...

To analyze the larvicidal activity of two plant leaf powder and leaf-extracts, Dregea volubilis and Bombax malabaricum against Culex quinquefasciatus. The larvicidal bioassay was done for powdered leaves of Dregea volubilis and Bombax... more

To analyze the larvicidal activity of two plant leaf powder and leaf-extracts, Dregea volubilis and Bombax malabaricum against Culex quinquefasciatus. The larvicidal bioassay was done for powdered leaves of Dregea volubilis and Bombax malabaricum individually and their methanol extracts against first-, second-, third- and fourth-instar larval forms of Culex quinquefasciatus. Mortality rate was recorded after 24, 48 and 72 h of post-exposure. LC(50) and LC(90) values were calculated at different time intervals for third instar larvae. All the graded concentration (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%) of powdered leaves showed significant (P <0.05) larval mortality. The mortality rate was higher in 50 ppm doses of methanolic extracts of both the plants against Culex quinquefaciatus. The corresponding LC(50) values were 56.97 ppm and 48.85 ppm, respectively after 24 h of exposure. There is no mortality of non-target organism such as Chironomous circumdatus, Oreochromis niloticus niloticus and Diplonichus annulatum within 72 h of post exposure to 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% crude powdered leaves and methanolic extracts of both the two individual plants under the laboratory condition. The results of preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis of both the plants revealed the presence of many bioactive principles such as steroids, tannins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins, etc. that may be responsible for their bio-control potentiality. The results have shown potential and eco-friendly use of both plant extracts against larva of Culex quinquefasciatus for the first time.

Wong Kar-Wai is the premier auteur of Hong Kong cinema. This article analyzes his 1994 film, Chungking Express, using the “auteur as structure” approach. This approach emphasizes the influence of the director on a film. It can only be... more

Wong Kar-Wai is the premier auteur of Hong Kong cinema. This article analyzes his 1994 film, Chungking Express, using the “auteur as structure” approach. This approach emphasizes the influence of the director on a film. It can only be applied to films that were mainly ...

The chapter deals with peculiarities of establishment of the regional nuclear nonproliferation regime in the Asia Pacific as well as its condition in the modern period. From the standpoint of research methodology, the paper actively... more

The chapter deals with peculiarities of establishment of the regional
nuclear nonproliferation regime in the Asia Pacific as well as its condition in the modern period. From the standpoint of research methodology, the paper actively utilizes advances of the international regimes theory. The author analyses premises of the formation of different aspects
comprising nuclear nonproliferation system in the Asia Pacific region,
from military and politics (e.g. positive security assurances provided
to NNWSs) on out to economy (in particular, with regard to the situation
on the nuclear energy and raw materials market). Special attention is paid
to the pressing problems of nuclear nonproliferation, NWFZs in the region and their functioning and role of the nuclear factor on the agenda
of the regional organisations. In spite of certain legal discrepancies intrinsic to the nonproliferation regime in the APR, states of the region
make a significant contribution to nonproliferation of nuclear weapons
and disarmament globally.

The Asia Pacific region has become a major focal point in strategic domains with the increasing prominence of China, Australia, South Korea, Japan and India. As a major power, the United States has always maintained relationships with the... more

The Asia Pacific region has become a major focal point in strategic domains with the increasing prominence of China, Australia, South Korea, Japan and India. As a major power, the United States has always maintained relationships with the Asia Pacific countries at varying levels. However, during the last decade, a domestic crisis situation in the United States coupled with the war demands in Iraq
and Afghanistan forced Washington to focus on its own homeland and in these theatres of war rather than on robust foreign policy initiatives.
The Obama government has recently sought to reorient its approach towards the Asia-Pacific. In tune with the evolving strategic environment, President Obama announced his “deliberate and strategic decision” that “as a Pacific nation, the United States will play a larger and long-term role in shaping this region and its future, by upholding core principles and in close partnership with our allies
and friends.”
Given the strategic emergence of the Asia Pacific region and the huge economic interests involved, there has been a significant rethinking on the need to develop and strengthen relationships within the region and also with the United States. It is therefore important to analyze how the regional powers will position themselves vis-a-vis the United States and how they would respond to the
rebalancing initiative. Identifying opportunities to expand bilateral trade, which complements the ongoing negotiations toward the multilateral Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) accord, is a key component in the whole regional build-up. The concomitant and growing economic and security challenges faced by the Asia Pacific region and the United States are issues that have engaged the attention of political and intelligence circles.
The Indo-Japanese and Australian strategic convergence tends to be perceived as a counterweight to China. Bilateral counter-terrorism and intelligence-sharing to combat Islamic insurgency and terrorism led to renewed discussions and induced closer US involvement in the region. Regional countries deliberated their approaches and strategies. It is in this context that the CPPR Centre for Strategic Studies sought to develop a knowledge base on the Asia Pacific with special focus on US relations with the region. The context was explored to visualize the future road map for strategic relationships between the United States & the region taking into account developments crucial to the United States and countries outside the region. Some of these key aspects include: Japan's “normal power” positioning vis-à-vis an assertive China; the Indo-China relationship, which swings between hostilities and trade; India's particular relationship with Pakistan; and India's emerging economic and security ties with Japan and Australia.
The CPPR's Centre for Strategic Studies provided a platform for prominent strategists, think tank analysts, leading experts and academicians to discuss, debate and map the future US role in the Asia Pacific. While analyzing how the US rebalancing strategy is evolving and shaping the strategic environment in the Asia-Pacific, the CPPR conference also examined its possible outcomes and
implications, particularly for India.

В эпоху экономического и индустриального подъёма государств Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона менеджеры северных стран активно осваивают эту территорию. Наш труд не только в некоторой степени раскрывает возможности специфических форм... more

В эпоху экономического и индустриального подъёма государств Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона менеджеры северных стран активно осваивают эту территорию. Наш труд не только в некоторой степени раскрывает возможности специфических форм кооперации с “азиатскими драконами”, но и знакомит читателя с восточной психологией ведения бизнеса с помощью брендов, культурных и языковых традиций.

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among Asian women. Breast cancer is detected in advanced stages and among younger age group women in Asia. The delay in presentation is attributed mainly to the social-cultural... more

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among Asian women. Breast cancer is detected in advanced stages and among younger age group women in Asia. The delay in presentation is attributed mainly to the social-cultural perception of the disease, poverty, and the strong influence of traditional medicine. Many of Asian women are not aware of the importance of regular screening. Cultural attitudes toward breast cancer screening tests, modesty, lack of encouragement by family members and physicians are the major inhibitors to women's participation in breast cancer screening. Health education using media and community health programs to create awareness of the advantages of earlier presentation and diagnosis of breast cancer in Asian women can motivate participation in breast cancer screening programs.

What is a Pasifika research methodology? The 'tupua'in the winds of change Meaola Amituanai-Toloa University of Auckland Abstract When Pasifika researchers in New Zealand embark on a research project, two questions come to mind.... more

What is a Pasifika research methodology? The 'tupua'in the winds of change Meaola Amituanai-Toloa University of Auckland Abstract When Pasifika researchers in New Zealand embark on a research project, two questions come to mind. The first question is, what ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe the development of a food frequency questionnaire for adolescents from the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area, Brazil. METHODS: The selection of food items included in the questionnaire... more

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe the development of a food frequency questionnaire for adolescents from the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area, Brazil. METHODS: The selection of food items included in the questionnaire was done by recording the foods consumed during 3 days by 430 students aged 12 to 19 years from the public schools of Niterói (RJ) Brasil. The most cited food items, which contributed to 95% of the total energy and nutrient intakes were included in the food frequency questionnaire list. For each item, the most frequent portion size referred to in the records was defined as the reference portion. The food frequency questionnaire presented different frequency options according to the kind of food. RESULTS: In the dietary records, 306 food items were cited. From those, 249 were included in the food frequency questionnaire, grouped or by themselves, forming a list with 90 items. The fourteen most cited items by the adolescents from Rio de Janeiro in this and in a previous study were associated with eight frequency options; 18 and 58 other food items were associated with seven and five frequency options respectively. CONCLUSION: The study enabled the development of a food frequency questionnaire for adolescents from the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area, which will eventually be submitted to reliability and validity analysis. This food frequency questionnaire represents a valuable tool for epidemiologic investigations of food intake among adolescents.

The rapid advancement in information and communication technology (ICT) has brought huge entrepreneur benefits and challenges. A key challenge that has been less researched is the demand for skilled manpower in relation to the issue of... more

The rapid advancement in information and communication technology (ICT) has brought huge entrepreneur benefits and challenges. A key challenge that has been less researched is the demand for skilled manpower in relation to the issue of the role employees' age and gender play in driving SMEs' ICT-related innovations adoption. This paper attempted to determine the moderating role of three important workers' demographic characteristics (age, gender and experience) on the use of innovations related to ICT by SMEs. Adopting the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) perspective, a questionnaire was designed and administered to 400 employees selected from 43 SMEs in the Malaysian state of Selangor. The results of multiple regression analysis indicate that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions all have significant impacts on ICT-related technology innovations adoption (ICTRIA) while the moderator analysis confirmed that the two gender categories, different age groups and different experience levels have specific moderating influence on the relationship paths between the four predictors and technology innovations use. Novel findings show that performance expectancy and social influence are more salient for older female and younger female workers to run jobs related to ICT innovations use in the firm respectively.

Recent immigrant or in-the-closet API MSMs are more likely to have unprotected sex. Among APIs, MSMs are the most likely to be infected with HIV. HIV/STDs can be transmitted by sexual fluids, blood, and genital skin-to-skin contact. If you... more

Recent immigrant or in-the-closet API MSMs are more likely to have unprotected sex. Among APIs, MSMs are the most likely to be infected with HIV. HIV/STDs can be transmitted by sexual fluids, blood, and genital skin-to-skin contact. If you know your STD status, you can take steps to protect yourself and others.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of Alchornea cordifolia (A. cordifolia) leaf extract. METHODS: Various solvent fractions of the methanol extract of the leaf of the plant A. cordifolia Mull. Arg... more

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of Alchornea cordifolia (A. cordifolia) leaf extract. METHODS: Various solvent fractions of the methanol extract of the leaf of the plant A. cordifolia Mull. Arg (Fam: Euphorbiaceae) were evaluated ...

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Jordan and on average 70% of the cases present at advanced stages. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a public educational campaign conducted by the Jordan... more

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Jordan and on average 70% of the cases present at advanced stages. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a public educational campaign conducted by the Jordan Breast Cancer Program to improve breast health knowledge among Jordanian women and to relate their knowledge to breast health practices. The campaign was conducted in five governorates in Jordan with a total of 105 public group lectures about breast cancer focusing on early detection. The total number of participants was 2,554 women with a median age of 37 years (range: 15-73 years). Median number of women per lecture was 24 (range: 9-38). Before the lectures, the women answered a structured questionnaire about their knowledge and practices. After the intervention 2,418 of them filled a post-test questionnaire with the same content. Correct answers on the 15 knowledge questions yielded a maximum score of 15. Determinants of breast health practices were i...

We evaluated dietary pattern and lifestyle characteristics of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) in Jordan. The case-control study included 220 recently diagnosed CRC cases and 220 age and gender matched healthy subjects as a control... more

We evaluated dietary pattern and lifestyle characteristics of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) in Jordan. The case-control study included 220 recently diagnosed CRC cases and 220 age and gender matched healthy subjects as a control group. The participating CRC cases had lower dietary intake of fibre, folate, vitamin B12, β-carotene, vitamin C and selenium as compared to controls (P<0.05). The frequency of consumption of fruits and vegetables was also lower among CRC cases, while the frequency of consumption of red meat and saturated fat was higher and positively associated with CRC risk. Furthermore, family history for CRC played a positive role and the majority of CRC cases and controls had a low physical activity level. A sedentary lifestyle and a diet low in fruits and vegetables, and high in animal red meat and saturated fat, appeared associated with CRC among the studied Jordanian subjects. This is consistent with the reported CRC studies in developed nations indicating...

Статья посвящена различным аспектам возникновения православной миссии в Восточной Азии. Автор устанавливает географические рамки исследования, рассматривает религиозные и политические процессы в Восточной Азии накануне православной... more

Статья посвящена различным аспектам возникновения православной миссии в Восточной Азии. Автор устанавливает географические рамки исследования, рассматривает религиозные и политические процессы в Восточной Азии накануне православной миссии. Впервые обобщены процессы становления российской православной миссии, где внимание уделяется факторам миссии в исторически и географически взаимосвязанном регионе.
The article is devoted to various aspects of the emergence of the Orthodox mission in East Asia. The author explores religious and political processes in East Asia on the eve of the Orthodox mission. For the first time, the processes of formation of the Russian Orthodox mission are summarized, where attention is paid to the mission factors in a historically and geographically interconnected region.

The main objective of the current study is to investigate the potential of Carica papaya leaves extracts against Dengue fever in 45 year old patient bitten by carrier mosquitoes. For the treatment of Dengue fever the extract was prepared... more

The main objective of the current study is to investigate the potential of Carica papaya leaves extracts against Dengue fever in 45 year old patient bitten by carrier mosquitoes. For the treatment of Dengue fever the extract was prepared in water. 25 mL of aqueous extract of C. papaya leaves was administered to patient infected with Dengue fever twice daily i.e. morning and evening for five consecutive days. Before the extract administration the blood samples from patient were analyzed. Platelets count (PLT), White Blood Cells (WBC) and Neutrophils (NEUT) decreased from 176×10(3)/µL, 8.10×10(3)/µL, 84.0% to 55×10(3)/µL, 3.7×10(3)/µL and 46.0%. Subsequently, the blood samples were rechecked after the administration of leaves extract. It was observed that the PLT count increased from 55×10(3)/µL to 168×10(3)/µL, WBC from 3.7×10(3)/µL to 7.7×10(3)/µL and NEUT from 46.0% to 78.3%. From the patient feelings and blood reports it showed that Carica papaya leaves aqueous extract exhibited p...

Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide but data from Tunisia are limited. The aim of this research was to describe the epidemiology, pathology and clinical features of lung cancer in Central Tunisia. All lung cancer cases... more

Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide but data from Tunisia are limited. The aim of this research was to describe the epidemiology, pathology and clinical features of lung cancer in Central Tunisia. All lung cancer cases diagnosed during a 15-year period were analyzed based on the data of the Cancer Registry of the Center of Tunisia. Five-year age-specific rates, world age-standardized rates (ASR), and annual percent change were calculated using annual data on population size and the estimated age structure. A total of 1,882 incident cases of lung cancer were registered (1,782 males, 100 females). The median age at diagnosis was 64 years for males and 61 years for females, with ASRs of 35.2 per 100,000 among males and 1.5 among females. Over time, there were significant decreasing trends by -6.5% (95% CI: -12.9%; -0.2%) for females and a stable incidence for males at an annual rate of +0.2% (95% CI: -1.6%; +1.8%). The predominant histological type was squamous cell carcino...

Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a major complication of chemotherapy, costly in terms of morbidity, mortality and associated financial expenditure. The present study was conducted with the goal of highlighting FN as a serious problem in... more

Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a major complication of chemotherapy, costly in terms of morbidity, mortality and associated financial expenditure. The present study was conducted with the goal of highlighting FN as a serious problem in Pakistan, with the longer term objective of improved cancer survival, reduction in length of stay (LOS) in hospital, morbidity, mortality and costs in our existing developing country scenario. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on patients, > or =18 years, admitted with FN as a consequence of chemotherapy at a referral hospital in Karachi from 1st September 2006 to 30th April 2007. A total of 80 patients [43 (53.8%) males and 37 (46.2%) females] were selected. The mean age was 47.4 (SD +/-16.6; range 18-79) years. Sixty eight patients (86%) were < or = 65 years, 50% were < or = 50 years. Overall, inhospital mortality was 11%; 4% for patients on granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) prophylaxis as against 20% for those with...

The objectives were to determine the prevalence and associated factors for smoking among university students in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 199 students in the period from December of academic year 2009 until... more

The objectives were to determine the prevalence and associated factors for smoking among university students in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 199 students in the period from December of academic year 2009 until April of academic year 2010 in Management and Science University (MSU), Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. The questionnaire was distributed randomly to all faculties of MSU by choosing one of every 3 lecture rooms, as well as the library and cafeterias of the campus randomly by choosing one from every 3 tables. Questions concerned socio-demographic variables, knowledge, attitudes and practice toward smoking. Participant's consent was obtained and ethical approval was provided by the ethics committee of the University. Data entry and analysis were performed using descriptive statistics, chi square test, Student t- test and logistic multiple regression with the SPSS version 13.0, statistical significance being concluded at p < 0.05. About one third o...