Bagasse Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Ordinary Portland Cement is recognized as a major construction material throughout the world. Researchers all over the world today are focusing on ways of utilizing either industrial or agricultural waste, as a source of raw materials for... more

Ordinary Portland Cement is recognized as a major construction material throughout the world. Researchers all over the world today are focusing on ways of utilizing either industrial or agricultural waste, as a source of raw materials for industry. This waste utilization would not only be economical, but may also result in foreign exchange earnings and environmental pollution. wastes, such as blast furnace slag, fly ash and silica fume are being used as supplementary cement replacement materials. A few studies have been carried out on the ashes obtained directly from the industries to study pozzolanic activity and their suitability as binders, partially replacing cement. This project analyses the effect of SCBA in concrete by partial replacement of cement at the ratio of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight by using magnesium sulphate solution. The bagasse is an important by-product of the sugar cane industry and most of it is used to produce steam and electricity in a co-generation plant at the ethanol plant.. This experimental study examines the compressive strength of concrete. The main ingredients used are Portland cement, SCBA, river sand, coarse aggregate and water. After mixing, concrete specimens were casted and subsequently all test specimens were cured in water at 7 days, 28days, 56days, 90days, and 180days.

Bagasse, corn cob, and rice straw agricultural wastes were found to consist of 37, 39 and 34% cellulose and 24, 41 and 22% hemicellulose, respectively, on a dry solid (w/w) basis and thus have the potential to serve as a low cost... more

Bagasse, corn cob, and rice straw agricultural wastes were found to consist of 37, 39 and 34% cellulose and 24, 41 and 22% hemicellulose, respectively, on a dry solid (w/w) basis and thus have the potential to serve as a low cost foodstock for ethanol production. Hydrolysates produced by dilute-acid pretreatment followed by cellulase digestion were evaluated as substrates for ethanol fermentation bySaccharomyces cerevisiae. After pretreatment by 141 mM sulphuric acid, bagasse waste released glucose (134 mg/g) at a higher level than that from corn cob (75 mg/g) and rice straw (8 mg/g). Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) levels derived from acid pretreatment of bagasse (1.5 g/l), but not corn cob (0.8 g/l) or rice straw (0.1 g/l) attained levels likely to be toxic (1.5 g/l) forS. cerevisiae growth and ethanol fermentation rates. All three agricultural wastes released likely non-toxic levels of furfural (<0.5 g/l) and lactic acid (negligible for bagasse and rice straw and 0.7 g/l for corn cob). After cellulase saccharification of the dilute-acid pretreated agricultural wastes, the glucose content of corn cob hydrolysates (13 ± 0.17 g/l) was marginally higher than that of bagasse (12 ±0.27 g/l) or rice straw (11 ± 0.07 g/l), yet the ethanol conversion yield byS. cerevisiae on corn cob hydrolysate (0.45 ± 0.006 g/g) was lower than that attained with bagasse hydrolysate (0.49 ± 0.007 g/g). Synergistic adverse effects between furfural and HMF with weak acids, or other lignin derived products in the corn cob hydrolysate are proposed as the effective inhibitor (s) for ethanol fermentation byS. cerevisiae.

An extensive background overview on the use of agricultural residues (wastes) for production of paper, board, binderless board, energy, different types of fuels by pyrolysis (solid, liquid and gaseous fuel), many petrochemicals... more

An extensive background overview on the use of agricultural residues (wastes) for production of paper, board, binderless board, energy, different types of fuels by pyrolysis (solid, liquid and gaseous fuel), many petrochemicals substitutes, charcoal (activated carbon), dissolving pulps and rayon. It includes both scientific and industrial data, case studies, current status, sustainability of paper and sugar industries, green nanotechnology, and future prospects.
Keywords: Agricultural Residues (Wastes); Paper and Board manufacture; Sustainability of Paper and Sugar Industries; Green Nanotechnology; Future Prospects

Jaggery industry is one of the most important cottage industries in India. Jaggery is prepared mostly by small and marginal farmers. The production process of jaggery involves crushing of cane, boiling and concentration of juice, moulding... more

Jaggery industry is one of the most important cottage industries in India. Jaggery is prepared mostly by small and marginal farmers. The production process of jaggery involves crushing of cane, boiling and concentration of juice, moulding into the standard shapes and sizes and packaging in suitable packages. The thermal performance of jaggery processing plant will be improved by parameters like design of furnace, drying process of jaggery, freez concentration of sugarcane juice, heat transfer and mass transfer from sugarcane juice for evaporation, moisture content of bagasse. In this review paper focus is on the effect of number of boiling pans used in design of furnace, and several methods used in available literatures are discussed. The improved plant and the conventional plant are compared on the basis of four parameters viz. jaggery production, baggase consumption, emissions and temperature of exhaust.

Excess demand of natural resources on account of expeditious urbanization and the scrapping problem of agricultural waste have paved the way for research in usage of organic waste in the construction industry. Scores of organic waste... more

Excess demand of natural resources on account of expeditious urbanization and the scrapping problem of agricultural waste have paved the way for research in usage of organic waste in the construction industry. Scores of organic waste materials have found their usage in concrete as substitute alternatives for cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and reinforcing materials. This paper highlights and examines some of the organic waste material used as partial replacement of fine aggregate in concrete which is being defined and termed as organic waste concrete in present context. The paper aims at evaluating the strength characteristics of organic waste concrete by using different organic wastes and thus understanding the feasibility of using each organic waste. Distinct properties of fresh and hardened concrete, their reliability when admixed with organic wastes are examined. It has been observed that the organic waste concrete containing groundnut shell, rice husk ash, saw dust ash demonstrated more desirable workability than their other substitutes did. Organic waste concrete containing bagasse ash, sawdust ash attained their required strength by 20% of replacement as fine aggregate which were maximum among all organic waste type concrete. Accurate comparison was predicted among compressive strength, flexural strength and tensile strength of organic waste concrete. Introduction of bagasse ash as fine aggregate in concrete improved the resilience to chloride tapping. After the careful investigation, it is of substantial conclusion that additional exploration and testing is justified on all fine aggregates substituting organic waste, which would give further certainty on their exploitation in concrete.

Fibre reinforced polymer composites has been used in a variety of application because of their many advantages such as relatively low cost of production, easy to fabricate and superior strength compare to neat polymer resins.... more

Fibre reinforced polymer composites has been used in a variety of application because of their many advantages such as relatively low cost of production, easy to fabricate and superior strength compare to neat polymer resins. Reinforcement in polymer is either synthetic or natural. Synthetic fibre such as glass, carbon etc. has high specific strength but their fields of application are limited due to higher cost of production. Recently there is an increase interest in natural fibre based composites due to their many advantages. In this connection an investigation has been carried out to make better utilization of bagasse fibre for making value added products. The objective of the present research work is to study the physical and mechanical behaviour of E-glass fibre reinforced with bagasse fibre based hybrid composites. The effect of fibre loading and length on mechanical properties like tensile strength, flexural strength, hardness of composites is studied. I. INTRODUCTION The development of composite materials and their related design and manufacturing technologies is one of the most important advances in the history of materials. Composites are the material used in various fields having exclusive mechanical and physical properties and are developed for particular application. Composite materials having a range of advantages over other conventional materials such as tensile strength, impact strength, flexural strengths, stiffness and fatigue characteristics. Because of their numerous advantages they are widely used in the aerospace industry, commercial mechanical engineering applications, like machine components, automobiles, combustion engines, mechanical components like drive shafts, tanks, brakes, pressure vessels and flywheels, thermal control and electronic packaging, railway coaches and aircraft structures etc, When two or more materials with different properties are combined together, they form a composite material. Composite material comprise of strong load carrying material (known as reinforcement) imbedded with weaker materials (known as matrix).The primary functions of the matrix are to transfer stresses between the reinforcing fibres/particles and to protect them from mechanical and/or environmental damage whereas the presence of fibres/particles in a composite improves its mechanical properties like tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, stiffness etc. Composites can be classified according to different criteria. Depending on the type of matrix materials, composite materials can be classified into three categories such as metal matrix composites, ceramic matrix composites and polymer matrix composites. Each type of composite material is suitable for specific applications. When the matrix material is taken as metal like aluminium, copper, it is called as metal matrix composite.

This study was aimed to produce and characterized activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse by physical and chemical activation. Physical activation was performed by carbonation process in temperatures 4500C and 6500C. While chemical... more

This study was aimed to produce and characterized activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse by physical and chemical activation. Physical activation was performed by carbonation process in temperatures 4500C and 6500C. While chemical activation used H3PO4 10%, FeCl3 10% and KMnO4 10% as activator. The results showed that total yield (%) 49.8396 - 80.635; pH 4.0-7.9; ash content (g) 0.3338-0.8820; adsorption capacity of iod (%) 93.92- 99.20. Morphological structure, functional goup and Crystal structure was studied by using SEM analysis, FT-IR and XRD diffractogam respectively. Adsorption capacity (%) of methylene blue 1.5 ppm and 2.5 ppm using UV-VIS Spectrophotometer produces; for H3PO4 activator at 450℃ = 99.24 and ND; at 600℃ = ND and 99.24. FeCl3 activator at 450℃ = 93.8 and 28.68; At 600℃ = ND and 99.24. KMnO4 activator at 450℃ = 61.24 and 65.12; At 600℃ = 39.4 and 53.79.

ABSTRAK Selulosa merupakan sumber daya terbarukan yang paling banyak, dan telah mendapat banyak perhatian sebagai sumber energi potensial dan karbon untuk memproduksi produk yang bermanfaat seperti glukosa, etanol dan bahan bakar.... more

ABSTRAK Selulosa merupakan sumber daya terbarukan yang paling banyak, dan telah mendapat banyak perhatian sebagai sumber energi potensial dan karbon untuk memproduksi produk yang bermanfaat seperti glukosa, etanol dan bahan bakar. Kemungkinan mengkonversi selulosa ampas tebu secara enzimatis menjadi glukosa, setelah mengendurkan struktur kimia yang kompleks menjadi struktur primer dengan menggunakan sodium hidroksida telah dipelajari. Ampas tebu direndam dalam sodium hidroksida 6% selama 12 jam pada suhu kamar. Perlakuan ini dapat melong-garkan beberapa struktur berkas selulosa ditunjukkan dengan terlepasnya lignin dan hemiselulosa, masing-masing sampai 32,11 dan 42,87%, dan nilai retensi air yang tinggi 15,90 (b/b). Dalam kondisi ini, ampas tebu terdelignifi kasi dapat disakarifi kasi oleh enzim selulase kasar dari Aspergillus niger. Sakarifi kasi secara enzimatis 2 g ampas tebu terdelignifi kasi pada suhu 50 o C pH 4,8 selama 120 jam menghasilkan gula reduksi sebanyak 54.47 mg/100...

Background: Agricultural waste has been proposed as an alternative energy resource to meet fossil fuel crisis, green house emission, and other environmental impacts worldwide. In Iran, rice husk and bagasse are main resources of biomass... more

Background: Agricultural waste has been proposed as an alternative energy resource to meet fossil fuel crisis, green house emission, and other environmental impacts worldwide. In Iran, rice husk and bagasse are main resources of biomass which can be used to produce syngas. This paper deals with a simplified model of combined gasification of coal and biomass processes considering chemical equilibrium. Results: It should be noticed that the CO 2 which is produced from agricultural waste gasification is natural because the biomass absorbs CO 2 from nature and gives it back after gasifying; however, mixing agricultural waste with coal leads to enrich syngas quality and gasifier efficiency. Conclusions: In this regard, an advanced coding was developed to simulate the thermodynamics of the co-gasifier and to find the produced syngas composition. The effects of moisture content, steam-to-biomass ratio, and gasifier temperature are then discussed on the system performance. Additionally, co-gasification of rice husk/coal was compared with co-gasification of bagasse/coal. The results indicated that adding coal to biomass increases lower heating value of syngas from 4,694 kJ/Nm 3 to 5,321 kJ/Nm 3 and gasifier efficiency from 71.29% to 77.85%.

The mechanical properties and water absorption of low-density polyethylene/sawdust composites were investigated. The relationship between the filler content and the composite properties was also studied. Different degrees of... more

The mechanical properties and water absorption of low-density polyethylene/sawdust composites were investigated. The relationship between the filler content and the composite properties was also studied. Different degrees of esterification of the sawdust with maleic anhydride were obtained with different reaction times. The experimental results demonstrated that the treatment of sawdust by maleic anhydride enhanced the tensile and flexural strengths. The water absorption for maleic anhydride treated sawdust indicated that it was more hydrophobic than untreated sawdust. The effects of the addition of benzoyl peroxide during the preparation of composite samples on the water absorption and mechanical properties were also evaluated. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008

Batik home industry is widely developed at this time. Increasing the number of activies could increase environmental water pollution. Environmental pollution caused by batik waste water can be found in the river which is the main source... more

Batik home industry is widely developed at this time. Increasing the number of activies could increase environmental water pollution. Environmental pollution caused by batik waste water can be found in the river which is the main source of agricultural activities, fisheries and processed into drinking water sources. The aims of the study were to determine the ability of microorganisme in the Euchornia crassipes in improving the quality of water BOD and COD of waste water batik solution after treated with solution of water hyacinth microorganisme and rice sugarcane huskes and bamboo charcoal. Water waste solutions were taken from three different sites of home batik industries in: (1) Surakarta, (2) Sragen, and (3) Pekalongan. The Result showed that effluent pH dropped, temperature of liquid waste tends to fluctuate up and down with a difference of 1°C of the initial temperature of the liquid waste. Color Processing Waste after experiencing a decline of up, conductivity in the column reactor bagasse and rice husks column reactor increased and decreased in bamboo charcoal column reactor up. The value of BOD, COD, TSS and TDS tend to fluctuate. Chemical compounds of a Ammonia was drastically reduced. For the heavy metals chromium and cadmium has never been detected, which was much lower than the maximum levels of crom is (1 mg / L).

Background Sugarcane is one of the most crucial energy crops that produces high yields of sugar and lignocellulose. The cellulose crystallinity index (CrI) and lignin are the two kinds of key cell wall features that account for... more

Background Sugarcane is one of the most crucial energy crops that produces high yields of sugar and lignocellulose. The cellulose crystallinity index (CrI) and lignin are the two kinds of key cell wall features that account for lignocellulose saccharification. Therefore, high-throughput screening of sugarcane germplasm with excellent cell wall features is considered a promising strategy to enhance bagasse digestibility. Recently, there has been research to explore near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) assays for the characterization of the corresponding wall features. However, due to the technical barriers of the offline strategy, it is difficult to apply for high-throughput real-time analyses. This study was therefore initiated to develop a high-throughput online NIRS assay to rapidly detect cellulose crystallinity, lignin content, and their related proportions in sugarcane, aiming to provide an efficient and feasible method for sugarcane cell wall feature evaluation. Results A total o...

Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is a highly workable concrete. It can flow under its own weight through congested reinforcement without any segregation and bleeding. In this work, the mechanical properties of SCC have been studied made of... more

Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is
a highly workable concrete. It can flow under its
own weight through congested reinforcement
without any segregation and bleeding. In this work,
the mechanical properties of SCC have been studied
made of Bagasse ash.. The Bagasse ash was
partially replaced with the powder content of 20%.
After number of trials the final mix (1:1.421:2.857)
was arrived as per IS code.10262:2009 and
EFNARC specifications. The fresh and hardened
properties of BASCC were found for varying
percentage of super plasticizer (3% to5%) and
Viscosity Modifying Agent (0.3%). The mechanical
property of BASCC were found by casting Cubes,
Cylinders. Specimens were tested with Compressive
Strength, Split Tensile Strength. Totally nine cubes
and cylinders have been cast of size 150mmx 150mm
and 150 mm dia and 300mm height. Thus, the effect
of BASCC with super plasticizer of 3.5%, 4% and
VMA of 0.3% for constant bagasse ash content
(20%) is obtained from the results of this
experimental work. Finally at 3.5% a better result
was attained.

The mechanisms behind lignin dissolution with protic ionic liquids (PILs) and their influence over lignin properties remain not fully explored. In this work, physicochemical and structural features of lignins extracted from sugarcane... more

The mechanisms behind lignin dissolution with protic ionic liquids (PILs) and their influence over lignin properties remain not fully explored. In this work, physicochemical and structural features of lignins extracted from sugarcane bagasse after pretreatment with a series of PILs (length of the cation chain combined with different anions) were assessed using analytical techniques. It was found that the lignin extracted with shorter chain length cations PILs showed the highest β-O-4 content. Opposite, the increase of the PILs cation chain length resulted in enhanced depolymerization. All lignins presented high polydispersity (>3.7), while the weight average molecular ranged from 1921 to 13,539 g/mol. The recovered [Eti][Mal] lignin presented the higher β-O-4 content and was possibly the most preserved lignin obtained. Opposite, lignin isolated from [Hex][Ac] and [Hex][For] treatments had less β-O-4 linkages attributed to the depolymerization of lignin via rupture of ether linkages generating intermediates that further repolymerized and/or depolymerized. These results suggest that the ionicity of the PIL is a crucial factor for lignin dissolution. Furthermore, these results illustrate that the proposed pretreatment using different PILs is useful to obtain high-quality lignins with distinct features and opens a new perspective for materials to match various applications.